To CES

Innside Bangkok Sukhumvit

Calculation of earth
retaining structure
ED -7.30 m, Rev.#1

2019.12.23

Hirose(Thailand)LTD.
Wave Place BLDG. BKK.
TEL 02-651-5505
FAX 02-651-5510

Design No.

Approval Approval In charge

 Contents PAGE

1. Outline of design-------------------------------- 1

1. Design standard
2. Soil boring log and planned section
3. Soil parameters
4. Allowable stress

2. Summary of calculation result ------------------- 3

3. Examination of penetration depth ---------------- 5

1. Lateral pressure distribution diagram

2. Calculation of penetration depth by Y.L.Chang
3. Penetration depth by balance of moment
4. Examination of heaving
5. Determination of overall length of earth retaining wall

4. Examination of earth retaining wall ------------- 15

1. Lateral pressure distribution diagram

2. At excavation
3. At replacement
4. Maximum stress and maximum displacement under each working condition
5. Check of stress
6. Table of reaction force of waler

5. Examination of waler ---------------------------- 26

6. Examination of strut ---------------------------- 27

7. Examination of diagonal strut/splay ------------- 28

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1.Outline of design
1-1 Design standard As per「Recommendation for Design and Construction Practice of
Earth Retaining for Excavation」by Architectural Institute of Japan.

1-2 Soil boring log and planned section Reaction

of waler
Diagonal
waler（１）sturt（１）strut（１）
(kN/m) Waler（２）Strut（２）Diagonal
Changing Strut（２）
Depth Soil Ｎ-value point of
property soil
name layer for
(GL-m) 10 20 30 40 50 design
ｑ1
0 -0.150 m
68.98 0.500 0.050 H350 H350 H350
1.300 0.900
2.000
2.000 169.50 H350 H350 H350
0.900
2.100 7.250
2.150 253.36 H350 H350 H350
5
1 0.900
2.700

10
11.000
8.750
2

15 15.000
3
16.000

20
21.000 Surcharge
q1= 15.00 kN/m 2

5
Earth retaining wall
25 25.000 SP-4
　L= 16.000 m
　　 (Protrusion -0.050 m)

Stress
σmax=
　 173 N/mm 2≦ ｆb = 225 N/mm 2
-OK-
30

1-3 Soil parameters

Active side
Unit weight Internal Cohesion Modulus of Average Water
Soil friction subgrade unconfined pressure
Soil layer property Ｎ-value Wet Underwater angle reaction compressive coefficient
name strength
ＮＯ． (kN/m3) (kN/m3) ( ﾟ) (kN/m2) (kN/m3) (kN/m2)
1 Cohesive soil 1.0 15.3 5.3 0 11.5 1150 12.5 1.00
2 Cohesive soil 4.0 16.3 6.3 0 25.5 2550 50.0 1.00
3 Cohesive soil 6.0 16.8 6.8 0 40.0 4000 75.0 1.00
4 Cohesive soil 13.0 18.7 8.7 0 78.0 7800 162.5 1.00
5 Cohesive soil 22.0 20.0 10.0 0 132.0 13200 200.0 1.00

Passive side
Soil layer Unit weight Internal Cohesion Modulus of Average Water
change friction subgrade unconfined pressure
Soil layer position Wet Underwater angle reaction compressivecoefficient
strength
ＮＯ． DesignGL- (kN/m3) (kN/m3) ( ﾟ) (kN/m2) (kN/m3) (kN/m2)
1 11.000 15.3 5.3 0 11.5 1150 ---- 1.00
2 15.000 16.3 6.3 0 25.5 2550 ---- 1.00
3 16.000 16.8 6.8 0 40.0 4000 ---- 1.00
4 21.000 18.7 8.7 0 78.0 7800 ---- 1.00
5 25.000 20.0 10.0 0 132.0 13200 ---- 1.00

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1-4 Allowable stress

Use the average of the stress for short term loading and stress for long term loading as the
allowable stress, since this calculation is for steel materials for temporary structures.

1)Allowable stress of steel sheet pile(Grade:SY295)

　Allowable bending stress　　fb= 225.0 N/mm 2

2)Allowable stress of beam(Main material of earth retaining wall,King post of

strut)(Grade:SS400)

　Allowable bending stress

Lb/i' 2 1
fb1={1-0.4( ) × }×ft
120 C

1.11×10 5
fb2=
(Lb･h)/Af

Use the larger one of the values obtained from the above formula.
However,it must be less than the allowable tensile stress.

　Ａf :Sectional area of compressive flange (cm 2)

　Ｃ :Correction coefficient by bending moment of member end (C=1)
　Ｌb :Distance between fixed points of compressive flange (cm)
　i'　:Radius of gyration of area about web axis of cross section of T-shape
　　 formed by compressive flange and 1/6 of beam height (cm)
　h 　:Height of bending member (cm)

　Allowable shearing stress　 fs= 110.0 N/mm 2

　Allowable compressive stress

{1-0.4(λ/120) 2 }×293.0　
fc =
1.5+2/3(λ/120) 2 (λ≦120)

81.3
fc =
(λ/120) 2 (λ＞120)

　λ :Slenderness ratio of compressive member (λ=Ｌk/i)

　Ｌk :Buckling length (cm)
　i 　:Radius of gyration of area of buckling axis (cm)

　Allowable tensile stress　　 ft= 195.0 N/mm 2

3)Allowable stress of bolt

　Allowable shearing stress

4T　 (4.6or4.8) fs=(0.160/ 3 )×1.5 kN/mm 2(short term)

As per”Design Standard for Steel Structures-Based on Allowable
Stress Concept”,September,2005.
Shear capacity of one bolt Sa=fs×303=42.0 kN(M22)
[The shear capacity of the section of the threaded portion is
used because of the position of the threaded portion. ]
High strength bolt　(F10T) 　　　 fs=0.220 kN/mm 2 (short term)
Shear capacity of one bolt Sa=fs×380=83.6 kN(M22)
[ ]
Do not consider the threaded portion.

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　Each Ｌm Ｌn Ｗ 　Ｗd 　Ｎa 　Ｎt Ｍ Ｎ

　stage (m) (m) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN) (kN) (kN･m) (kN)
3rd stage 7.000 7.000 253.36 5.00 1773.49 150.00 30.63 1923.49

　Each Member 　Ｚx 　Ａ Ａf ｉ' 　ｈ ｉx ｉy Ｌk1 Ｌk2

　stage 　(mm3 ) (mm2 ) (cm2 ) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm)
1st stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 700.0 700.0
2nd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 700.0 700.0
3rd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 700.0 700.0

　Each λx λy 　σb fb 　σc 　fcx 　fcy 　Ｋ1　 　Ｋ2 Judgment

2 2 2 2 2
　stage (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm )
1st stage 46.05 78.74 13.4 195.0 36.8 172.5 135.7 0.282 0.340 -O K-
2nd stage 46.05 78.74 13.4 195.0 77.8 172.5 135.7 0.520 0.642 -O K-
3rd stage 46.05 78.74 13.4 195.0 111.9 172.5 135.7 0.717 0.893 -O K-

2-4 Diagonal strut

1)
　Each Ｌm Ｌn Ｗ θ 　Ｎa 　Ｎt 　Ｗd Ｍ Ｎ
　stage (m) (m) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN) (kN) (kN/m) (kN･m) (kN)
1st stage 5.000 2.000 68.98 45 137.95 0.00 5.00 15.63 195.09
2nd stage 5.000 2.000 169.50 45 339.01 0.00 5.00 15.63 479.43
3rd stage 5.000 2.000 253.36 45 506.71 0.00 5.00 15.63 716.60

　Each Member 　Ｚx 　Ａ Ａf ｉ' 　ｈ ｉx ｉy λx λy

　stage 　(mm3 ) (mm2 ) (cm2 ) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm)
1st stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 32.89 56.24
2nd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 32.89 56.24
3rd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 32.89 56.24

　Each 　σb fb 　σc 　fcx 　fcy 　Ｋ1 　Ｋ2 Judgment

　stage (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 )
1st stage 6.9 195.0 11.3 183.3 162.3 0.097 0.105 -O K-
2nd stage 6.9 195.0 27.9 183.3 162.3 0.187 0.207 -O K-
3rd stage 6.9 195.0 41.7 183.3 162.3 0.263 0.292 -O K-

Mounting bolt

　Number of bolts ｎ=Ｓ/Ｓa

　Ｓ :Shearing force on waler side Ｓ=Ｎ･cosθ

　Ｓ :Shearing force on strut side　　Ｓ=Ｎ

　Ｓa:Shear capacity of one bolt　 Ｓa=42.0 kN/bolt (4T)

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｓa=83.6 kN/bolt (F10T)

Waler side 　Strut side

Each Shearing force No. of bolts Shearing force No. of bolts
stage (kN) 4T F10T (kN) 4T F10T
1st stage 137.95 8 -- 195.09 8 --
2nd stage 339.01 -- 6 479.43 -- 6
3rd stage 506.71 -- 8 716.60 -- 10

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3.Examination of penetration depth

3-1 Lateral pressure distribution diagram

Design lateral pressure

　Decide the wet unit weight by the soil parameters explained in the outline of design.
　The lateral pressure distribution diagram shows the lateral pressure per meter.

q1= 15.00 kN/m

2 Ｋ γt
GL (kN/m 3)
11.24
9.75 GL- 0.150 m 0.150
0.500 11.24
14.72 ( 3.50) 0.350 0.65 15.300
14.72 ( 3.50)
0.726
21.95 ( 10.76)
2.000 21.95 ( 10.76)
1.274
34.61 ( 30.25) 0.65 15.300
34.61 ( 30.25)

2.100 2.100

55.50 ( 62.38) 0.65 15.300

55.50 ( 62.38)

2.700 2.700

GL- 7.300 m
Final excavation level 82.35 ( 103.69) 0.65 15.300

Employed lateral pressure Ｐ=Ｋ･(ｑ+γt･Ｈ) kN/m2

Value in( )is Rankine's earth pressure + water pressure.

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3-2 Calculation of penetration depth by Ｙ.Ｌ.Ｃhang

Calculate the penetration depth as a self-standing pile

according toＹ.Ｌ.Ｃhang's theory.

At 1st excavation

Excavation depth　Ｈ = 1.400 m

Characteristic value of earth retaining wall

4
　β = (Ｋh･Ｂ)/(4･Ｅ･Ｉx･α I)
4
　　 = ( 1150× 1.000) /(4×205000000× 38600×10 -8 ×0.60)

　　 = 0.2790 m -1

Modulus of subgrade reaction ※Kh is the average of

Ｋh= 1150 kN/m 3 the range from the
excavation level to　1/β
Passive lateral pressure bearing width of earth retaining wall
Ｂ = 1.000 m

Elastic modulus of earth retaining wall

Ｅ =205000000 kN/m 2

Moment of inertia of earth retaining wall

Ｉx= 38600×10 -8 m 4 /m

Efficiency of moment of inertia of area

αI =0.60

Penetration depth of earth retaining wall

　Ｌd=π/β= 11.262 m

Virtual support of earth retaining wall

　Ｄp=1/β+Ｈ= 4.985 m

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3-3 Calculation of penetration depth by balance of moment

Active earth pressure : Set by using the triangular distribution formula shown in
(Recommendation for Design and Construction Practice of Earth Retaining for
Excavation) presented by Architectural Institute of Japan.
Ｐa=Ｋ(q+γ･h)

Passive earth pressure：Set by using Rankine-Resal's formula.

Ｐp=γ･h･tan 2 (45ﾟ+φ/2)+2･c･tan(45ﾟ+φ/2)

q : Surcharge load (kN/m 2 ) γ : Unit weight of soil in each layer(kN/m3 )

h : Thickness of each layer (m) φ : Internal friction angle of soil (゜)
c : Cohesion of soil (kN/m 2 )

1)At 2nd excavation(Ｋ= 0.65 , γ= 15.3 kN/m )

Lateral pressure distribution diagram

The lateral pressure distribution diagram shows the lateral pressure per meter.
q1= 15.00 kN/m 2
GL
9.75
500
14.72

3400
2900 1

GL- 3.400 m 43.56

23.00

2024

4268 1 2

88.29 43.56

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Moment on active side 　Ｍa(Earth pressure)

Moment on passive side 　Ｍp(Earth pressure)

Safety factor 　Ｆs=Ｍp/Ｍa= 1294.51/ 1078.58=1.2

Balancing depth(Penetration depth) 　Ｌd= 4.268 m

Virtual support point(Safety factor: 1.0)

　Ｄp= 2.024 m

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2)At 3rd excavation(Ｋ= 0.65 , γ= 15.3 kN/m )

Lateral pressure distribution diagram

The lateral pressure distribution diagram shows the lateral pressure per meter.
q1= 15.00 kN/m 2
GL
9.75
500 14.72

2000

34.61
5500
Ｙ

3000 1

GL- 5.500 m 64.45

23.00

3362

1 2
6320

107.15 64.45
135.15
2 3
148.52 64.45

Moment on active side 　Ｍa(Earth pressure)

Moment on passive side 　Ｍp(Earth pressure)

Safety factor 　Ｆs=Ｍp/Ｍa= 3307.57/ 2754.47=1.2

Balancing depth(Penetration depth) 　Ｌd= 6.320 m

Virtual support point(Safety factor: 1.0)

　Ｄp= 3.362 m

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3)At 4th excavation(Ｋ= 0.65 , γ= 15.3 kN/m )

Lateral pressure distribution diagram

The lateral pressure distribution diagram shows the lateral pressure per meter.
q1= 15.00 kN/m 2
GL
500 9.75
14.72

2000

34.61

7300 2100

55.50

Ｙ
2700 1

GL- 7.300 m 82.35

23.00

3765 1 2

7091 79.61 82.35

107.61

2 3

162.88 82.35

Moment on active side 　Ｍa(Earth pressure)

Moment on passive side 　Ｍp(Earth pressure)

Safety factor 　Ｆs=Ｍp/Ｍa= 4693.44/ 3914.19=1.2

Balancing depth(Penetration depth) 　Ｌd= 7.091 m

Virtual support point(Safety factor: 1.0)

　Ｄp= 3.765 m

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3-4 Examination of heaving

Calculate by using the method presented by Architectural Institute of Japan.

Sliding moment
q
Ｍd=Ｗ･Ｘ/2=(ｑ+γt･Ｈ)･Ｘ2 /2 kN･m/m
Shear resisting moment of ground
Ｍr=Ｘ･∫ α' Ｓu･Ｘ･dθ=Ｘ･Ｓu' kN･m/m (α'=π/2+α)
Ｓu':Shear resistance on sliding plane
Shear resistance caused by cohesion:Ｓu'c=Ｃ･ΔＬ=Ｃ･2Ｘ･π･(Δθ/360)
Ｈ Ｃ:Cohesion of each sliding plane (kN/m 2 )
ΔＬ:Length of arc of each sliding plane (m)
Bottom strut ② Ｘ:Radius of arc (m) Δθ:Angle of each sliding plane (ﾟ)
Ｗ
α
θ Shear resistance caused by internal friction angle:Ｓu'φ=Ｎ･tanφ
① Ｎ:Vertical force of each sliding plane (kN/m)
Ｘ
φ:Internal friction angle of each sliding plane (ﾟ)
Excavation depth Ｈ = 7.300 m Surcharge ｑ = 15.00 kN/m2
Radius of arc Ｘ = 11.410 m 2nd Surcharge ｑ2= 0.00 kN/m2
Ｓu: Shear strength
of ground Penetration depth Ｌd= 8.710 m Surcharge on excavation side
ｑp= 0.00 kN/m2
Rear side
Ｈn(Layer
Depth γt thickness) 　γt･Ｈn Δθ Ｃ Ｓu'c Ｓu'φ
No. GL-(m) (kN/m3 ) 　(m) 2
(kN/m ) (ﾟ) (kN/m2 ) 　(kN/m) 　(kN/m)
　 1 　 0.000～ 0.150 15.3 　 0.150 2.29 ----- ----- ----- -----
　 2 　 0.150～ 4.600 15.3 　 4.450 68.08 ----- ----- ----- -----
　 3 　 4.600～11.000 15.3 　 6.400 97.92 　 34.12 　 11.5 78.14 0.00
　 4 　11.000～15.000 ----- 　 ----- ----- 　 31.59 　 25.5 160.43 0.00
　 5 　15.000～16.000 ----- 　 ----- ----- 　 21.89 　 40.0 174.37 0.00
　 6 　16.000～16.010 ----- 　 ----- ----- 　 2.40 　 78.0 37.26 0.00
Total: 450.20 0.00

Excavation side
Depth Δθ Ｃ Ｓu'c Ｓu'φ Δθ
No. GL-(m) (ﾟ) (kN/m2 ) 　(kN/m) 　(kN/m)
　 1 　 7.300～11.000 　 20.43 　 11.5 46.79 0.00
　 2 　11.000～15.000 　 31.59 　 25.5 160.43 0.00 C
ΔL
　 3 　15.000～16.000 　 21.89 　 40.0 174.37 0.00
　 4 　16.000～16.010 　 2.40 　 78.0 37.26 0.00
Total: 418.85 0.00

Sliding moment ※All values are based on the wet unit weight.
From 0.0～ 7.300m on the rear side, Σγt･Ｈn= 111.69 kN/m2
Ｍd=(ｑ+γt･Ｈ)･Ｘ 2 /2 =( 15.00+ 111.69) ･ 11.410 2 /2 = 8246.77 kN･m/m

Shear resisting moment of ground

From shear resistance on rear side and excavation side.
Ｍr=Ｘ･Ｓu'=Ｘ･(Ｓu'c+Ｓu'φ)= 11.410( 869.05+ 0.00)= 9915.85 kN･m/m

Safety factor: Ｆs=Ｍr/Ｍd= 1.20 ≧ 1.20 -OK-

b
※The basis of Ｓu'φ is as follows.
=

Rear side ΔＳu’φ=Ｎ･tanφ=Ｗn･sinθn･tanφ θn

ｂ 　ｈ 　Ｗn θn Ｗn･sinθn　φ tanφ ΔＳu'φ
h1
h

No.　(m) (m) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN/m)

　 1 1.000 6.936 53.26 12.08 11.15 　 0 0.000 0.00
h2
=

　 2 0.964 10.136 67.69 29.14 32.96 　 0 0.000 0.00 θn

=

N
　 3 1.000 11.636 78.81 38.18 48.72 　 0 0.000 0.00 Wn
　 4 1.000 12.758 85.88 45.76 61.52 　 0 0.000 0.00
　 5 1.000 13.630 91.37 52.43 72.42 　 0 0.000 0.00
　 6 1.000 14.321 95.72 58.55 81.65 　 0 0.000 0.00
　 7 0.753 14.813 74.38 63.60 66.62 　 0 0.000 0.00
　 8 1.000 15.198 101.35 68.41 94.24 　 0 0.000 0.00
　 9 1.000 15.542 103.68 73.73 99.53 　 0 0.000 0.00

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b

ｂ 　ｈ 　Ｗn θn Ｗn･sinθn　φ tanφ ΔＳu'φ

A1
No.　(m) (m) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN/m)
　10 1.000 15.786 105.34 78.91 103.37 　 0 0.000 0.00
　11 1.216 15.942 129.37 84.53 128.78 　 0 0.000 0.00 A2
　12 0.478 16.005 51.03 88.80 51.02 　 0 0.000 0.00 θn

N Wn
Excavation side ΔＳu’φ=Ｎ･tanφ=Ｗn･sinθn･tanφ
θn :Angle from horizontal line on
ｂ 　ｈ 　Ｗn θn Ｗn･sinθn　φ tanφ ΔＳu'φ
rear side to point of interest
No.　(m) (m) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN/m)
Ａ1､Ａ2:Area of lump of earth
　13 0.478 8.705 24.67 91.20 24.66 　 0 0.000 0.00
ｈ :Length of split piece
　14 1.216 8.642 62.27 95.47 61.98 　 0 0.000 0.00
ｈ1､ｈ2:Length of split piece of
　15 1.000 8.486 50.15 101.09 49.21 　 0 0.000 0.00
each soil layer
　16 1.000 8.242 48.49 106.27 46.55 　 0 0.000 0.00
　17 1.000 7.898 46.16 111.59 42.92 　 0 0.000 0.00 Weight of split piece
　18 0.753 7.513 32.84 116.40 29.42 　 0 0.000 0.00 Ｗn=γ1･Ａ1+γ2･Ａ2+ｑ･ｂ
　19 1.000 7.021 40.53 121.45 34.57 　 0 0.000 0.00 　 =ｂ(γ1･ｈ1+γ2･ｈ2+ｑ)
　20 1.000 6.330 36.18 127.57 28.68 　 0 0.000 0.00
　21 1.000 5.458 30.69 134.24 21.98 　 0 0.000 0.00
　22 1.000 4.336 23.62 141.82 14.60 　 0 0.000 0.00
　23 0.640 3.167 10.74 149.00 5.53 　 0 0.000 0.00
　24 1.000 1.317 6.98 159.22 2.48 　 0 0.000 0.00

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640 1000 1000 1000 1000 478

478 1000 1000 1000 1000 964
1000 1000 1000 753 1000 1216 1216 1000 753 1000 1000 1000

2
Design cross section

ｑ= 15.00 kN/m
γ　 　φ
15.3 0
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 150

5.3 0
4450

7300
R=11410

γ　 　φ 4671 5.3 0
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

5.3 0 2635

1729 5.3 0
5.3 0 1065
6.3 0 1272 1272 6.3 0
8710
6.3 0 974 974 6.3 0
6.3 0 769 769 6.3 0
6.3 0 612 612 6.3 0
6.3 0 6.3 0
6.8 0 374 374 6.8 0
6.8 396 396 6.8 0
6.8
6.8
8.7
00
0 292
196 292
196 6.8
6.8
8.7 0
0
116
10 116
10
P-13

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3-5 Determination of overall length of earth retaining wall

Ld

Excavation Penetration Overall Virtual

Examination Working depth depth length support point
condition Ｈ(m) Ｌd(m) Ｌ(m) (m)
Ｃｈａｎｇ At 1st excavation 1.400 11.262 12.662 3.585
Moment At 2nd excavation 3.400 4.268 7.668 2.024
At 3rd excavation 5.500 6.320 11.820 3.362
At 4th excavation 7.300 7.091 14.391 3.765
Heaving At 4th excavation 7.300 8.710 16.010 -----
Max. value ----- ----- ----- 16.010 -----

From the above result,

Penetration depth Ｌd= 8.750 m

Overall length of earth retaining wall Ｌ =16.000 m (Protrusion　-0.050 m)

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4.Examination of earth retaining wall

Use the triangular distribution formula shown in (Recommendation for Design and
Construction Practice of Earth Retaining for Excavation)presented by Architectural
Institute of Japan.

4-1 Lateral pressure distribution diagram

Design lateral pressure

　Decide the wet unit weight by the soil parameters explained in the outline of design.
　The lateral pressure distribution diagram shows the lateral pressure per meter.

q1= 15.00 kN/m2

Ｋ γt
GL (kN/m 3)
11.24
9.75 GL- 0.150 m 0.150
0.500 11.24
14.72 ( 3.50) 0.350 0.65 15.300
14.72 ( 3.50)
0.726
21.95 ( 10.76)
2.000 21.95 ( 10.76)
1.274
34.61 ( 30.25) 0.65 15.300
34.61 ( 30.25)

2.100 2.100

55.50 ( 62.38) 0.65 15.300

55.50 ( 62.38)

2.700 2.700

GL- 7.300 m
Final excavation level 82.35 ( 103.69) 0.65 15.300

Employed lateral pressure Ｐ=Ｋ･(ｑ+γt･Ｈ) kN/m2

Value in( )is Rankine's earth pressure + water pressure.

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4-5 Check of stress

Member name : SP-4

　Section modulus 　　　　 Ｚ = 2270000 mm 3/m

　Efficiency of section modulus αZ = 0.80

　Moment of inertia of area Ｉx = 386000000 mm 4/m

　Efficiency of moment of inertia of area α I = 0.60

　Elastic modulus of steel material Ｅ = 205000 N/mm 2

　Maximum bending moment 　Ｍmax= 313.81 kN･m/m

Ｍ
　Bending stress　　 σb = = 173 N/mm 2 ≦ 225　N/mm 2
-OK-
Ｚ･α Z

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4-6 Reaction force of waler

Condition 1st layer 2nd layer 3rd layer

At 1st excavation ----- ----- -----
At 2nd excavation 68.98 ----- -----
At 3rd excavation 28.18 169.50 -----
At 4th excavation 28.18 71.64 253.36
At 1st replacement 28.18 93.46 -----
At 2nd replacement 40.23 ----- -----
At 3rd replacement ----- ----- -----
Max. reaction 68.98 169.50 253.36
(Unit kN/m)

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 P-26

5.Examination of waler
ｂ
1) Span examined Ｌm m
Axial compression tributary width Ｌn m ｔ2
Reaction force of waler Ｗ kN/m
Bending moment Ｍ =Ｗ･Ｌm 2 / 8 kN･m ｔ1
Axial compression Ｎ =Ｗ･Ｌn kN ｈ Ａf
Shearing force Ｓ =Ｗ･Ｌm/2 kN

　Each Ｌm Ｌn Ｗ Ｍ Ｎ Ｓ
　stage (m) (m) (kN/m) (kN･m) (kN) (kN)
1st stage 4.500 0.000 68.98 174.60 0.00 155.20
2nd stage 3.000 0.000 169.50 190.69 0.00 254.26
3rd stage 3.000 0.000 253.36 285.03 0.00 380.03

Section modulus Ｚx mm 3 Effective sectional area of

Sectional area Ａ mm2 compressive flange Ａf cm2
Effective shear area Ａw =(h-2t 2 )･t 1 mm2 Radius of gyration of area(Cross section of
T-shaped portion） ｉ' cm
Height of bending member ｈ cm
Bending stress σb =Ｍ/Ｚx N/mm2 Radius of gyration of area ｉy cm
Compressive stress σc =Ｎ/Ａ N/mm2 Slenderness ratio λ=Ｌm/ｉy
Check of stress Ｋ=σb/fb+σc/fc
Shearing stress τ=Ｓ/Ａw N/mm2

Allowable bending stress

fb1={1-0.4(Ｌm/ｉ'/120) 2 ×1/C}×ft N/mm2 ft=195.0 N/mm2 C=1
5
fb2= 1.11×10 /{(Ｌm･ｈ)/Ａf} N/mm2
※Use the larger one of fb1 and fb2, which is less than ft as allowable bending stress.
Allowable compressive stress
fc= {1-0.4(λ/120)2 } ×293/{1.5+2/3(λ/120)2 } N/mm2 (λ≦120)
fc= 81.3/(λ/120)2 N/mm2 (λ＞120)
2
Allowable shearing stress fs=110.0 N/mm

　Each Member 　Ｚx 　Ａ Ａw Ａf ｉ' 　ｈ ｉy 　λ

　stage 　(mm3 ) (mm2 ) (mm2 ) (cm2 ) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm)
1st stage H350 2280000 17190 3744 66.50 9.71 35.00 8.89 50.62
2nd stage H350 2280000 17190 3744 66.50 9.71 35.00 8.89 33.75
3rd stage H350 2280000 17190 3744 66.50 9.71 35.00 8.89 33.75

　Each 　σb fb 　σc fc 　Ｋ 　τ τ/fs Judgment

　stage (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 ) (N/mm2 )
1st stage 76.6 195.0 0.0 168.1 0.393 41.5 0.377 -O K-
2nd stage 83.6 195.0 0.0 182.7 0.429 67.9 0.617 -O K-
3rd stage 125.0 195.0 0.0 182.7 0.641 101.5 0.923 -O K-

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6.Examination of strut

1) Span examined Ｌm m
Axial compression tributary width Ｌn m
Reaction force of waler Ｗ kN/m
Axial compression（Lateral pressure） Ｎa=Ｗ･Ｌn kN
Axial compression（Temperature） Ｎt kN
Surcharge load（including self weight） Ｗd kN/m
Bending moment Ｍ =Ｗd･Ｌm 2 /8 kN･m
Axial compression（Lateral pressure and temperature） Ｎ =Ｎa+Ｎt kN

　Each Ｌm Ｌn Ｗ 　Ｗd 　Ｎa 　Ｎt Ｍ Ｎ

　stage (m) (m) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN) (kN) (kN･m) (kN)
1st stage 7.000 7.000 68.98 5.00 482.84 150.00 30.63 632.84
2nd stage 7.000 7.000 169.50 5.00 1186.53 150.00 30.63 1336.53
3rd stage 7.000 7.000 253.36 5.00 1773.49 150.00 30.63 1923.49

Section modulus Ｚx mm3 Height of bending member ｈ cm

Sectional area Ａ mm2 Radius of gyration of area ｉ cm
Effective sectional area Buckling length(Out of plane) Ｌk1 cm
of compressive flange Ａf cm2 Buckling length(Inside of plane) Ｌk2 cm
Radius of gyration of area（Cross section Slenderness ratio λ =Ｌk/ｉ(Ｌk1/ｉx or Ｌk2/ｉy )
of T-shaped portion） ｉ' cm Check of stress
(Out of plane) Ｋ1=σb/fb+σc/fcx
Bending stress σb=Ｍ/Ｚx N/mm2 Check of stress
Compressive stress σc=Ｎ/Ａ N/mm2 (Inside of plane) Ｋ2=σb/fb+σc/fcy

Allowable bending stress

fb1={1-0.4(Ｌm/ｉ'/120) 2 ×1/C}×ft N/mm2 ft=195.0 N/mm2 C=1
5
fb2= 1.11×10 /{(Ｌm･ｈ)/Ａf} N/mm2
※Use the larger one of fb1 and fb2, which is less than ft as allowable bending stress.
Allowable compressive stress
fc= {1-0.4(λ/120)2 } ×293/{1.5+2/3(λ/120)2 } N/mm2 (λ≦120)
fc= 81.3/(λ/120)2 N/mm2 (λ＞120)

　Each Member 　Ｚx 　Ａ Ａf ｉ' 　ｈ ｉx ｉy Ｌk1 Ｌk2

　stage 　(mm3 ) (mm2 ) 2
(cm ) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm)
1st stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 700.0 700.0
2nd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 700.0 700.0
3rd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 700.0 700.0

　Each λx λy 　σb fb 　σc 　fcx 　fcy 　Ｋ1　 　Ｋ2 Judgment

2 2 2 2 2
　stage (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm )
1st stage 46.05 78.74 13.4 195.0 36.8 172.5 135.7 0.282 0.340 -O K-
2nd stage 46.05 78.74 13.4 195.0 77.8 172.5 135.7 0.520 0.642 -O K-
3rd stage 46.05 78.74 13.4 195.0 111.9 172.5 135.7 0.717 0.893 -O K-

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7.Examination of splay

1) Span examined Ｌm m
Axial compression tributary width Ｌn m θ
Reaction force of waler Ｗ kN/m
Axial compression（Lateral pressure） Ｎa=Ｗ･Ｌn kN
Axial compression（Temperature） Ｎt kN
Surcharge load（including self weight） Ｗd kN/m
Bending moment Ｍ =Ｗd･Ｌm 2 /8 kN･m
Axial compression（Lateral pressure and temperature）
Ｎ =Ｎa/sinθ+Ｎt kN

　Each Ｌm Ｌn Ｗ θ 　Ｎa 　Ｎt 　Ｗd Ｍ Ｎ

　stage (m) (m) (kN/m) (ﾟ) (kN) (kN) (kN/m) (kN･m) (kN)
1st stage 5.000 2.000 68.98 45 137.95 0.00 5.00 15.63 195.09
2nd stage 5.000 2.000 169.50 45 339.01 0.00 5.00 15.63 479.43
3rd stage 5.000 2.000 253.36 45 506.71 0.00 5.00 15.63 716.60

Section modulus Ｚx mm3 Height of bending member ｈ cm

Sectional area Ａ mm2 Radius of gyration of area ｉ cm
Effective sectional area of Slenderness ratio λ =Ｌm/ｉ
compressive flange Ａf cm2
Radius of gyration of area（Cross section Check of stress
of T-shaped portion） ｉ' cm （Out of plane） Ｋ1=σb/fb+σc/fcx
Bending stress σb=Ｍ/Ｚx N/mm2 Check of stress
Compressive stress σc=Ｎ/Ａ N/mm2 （Inside of plane） Ｋ2=σb/fb+σc/fcy

Allowable bending stress

fb1={1-0.4(Ｌm/ｉ'/120) 2 ×1/C}×ft N/mm2 ft=195.0 N/mm2 C=1
5
fb2= 1.11×10 /{(Ｌm･ｈ)/Ａf} N/mm2
※Use the larger one of fb1 and fb2, which is less than ft as allowable bending stress.
Allowable compressive stress
fc= {1-0.4(λ/120)2 } ×293/{1.5+2/3(λ/120)2 } N/mm2 (λ≦120)
fc= 81.3/(λ/120)2 N/mm2 (λ＞120)

　Each Member 　Ｚx 　Ａ Ａf ｉ' 　ｈ ｉx ｉy λx λy

　stage 　(mm3 ) (mm2 ) 2
(cm ) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm) 　(cm)
1st stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 32.89 56.24
2nd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 32.89 56.24
3rd stage H350 2280000 17190 66.50 9.71 35.00 15.20 8.89 32.89 56.24

　Each 　σb fb 　σc 　fcx 　fcy 　Ｋ1 　Ｋ2 Judgment

　stage (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm ) (N/mm2 )
2 2 2 2

1st stage 6.9 195.0 11.3 183.3 162.3 0.097 0.105 -O K-

2nd stage 6.9 195.0 27.9 183.3 162.3 0.187 0.207 -O K-
3rd stage 6.9 195.0 41.7 183.3 162.3 0.263 0.292 -O K-

Mounting bolt

　Number of bolts ｎ=Ｓ/Ｓa

　Ｓ :Shearing force on waler side Ｓ=Ｎ･cosθ

　Ｓ :Shearing force on strut side　　Ｓ=Ｎ

　Ｓa:Shear capacity of one bolt　 Ｓa=42.0 kN/bolt (4T)

　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｓa=83.6 kN/bolt (F10T)

Waler side 　Strut side

Each Shearing force No. of bolts Shearing force No. of bolts
stage (kN) 4T F10T (kN) 4T F10T
1st stage 137.95 8 -- 195.09 8 --
2nd stage 339.01 -- 6 479.43 -- 6

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Waler side 　Strut side

Each Shearing force No. of bolts Shearing force No. of bolts
stage (kN) 4T F10T (kN) 4T F10T
3rd stage 506.71 -- 8 716.60 -- 10

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