Department of

Mechanical Engineering

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LAB

(ME 213)

Experiment title PENDULUM IMPACT TESTER

Experiment No. 2

Experiment date 30/10/2021

By

Student name ID Section

1 Turki Salem Alanazi 437020134 2

2 Turki Hmoud Alharbi 440025425 2

3 Abdullah Abdulrahman Alaqeel 440024408 2

4 Abdulrahman Hamad Alshlawy 440018472 2

Instructor: Eng. Ali Khursheed Siddiqui

 Department of
Mechanical Engineering

Evaluation sheet (Official use)

Marks
Checklist Details Marks Remarks
Deducted
Contents

Cover Page 5

Table of Content 5
Plagiarism in results & discussion part must be < 50%

Introduction
10
(Experiment objectives, theory, etc.)
± 5 marks, depending
Experiment Procedure & setup 20 on the nature of
department/lab
Data, Results & calculations 25

Discussion and/or Conclusion 10

References, Standard, appendix, etc. 5

Subtotal 80 Min. 48

Text 12 Regular, with Spacing 1.5 4

Heading 14 Bold 2
Formatting

Standard Front Type 2

Paragraph: Justified 2

Figures/Tables/Equations: Numbered,
10
Caption & Cited in text
Subtotal 20 Min. 12

Total 100
 Department of
Mechanical Engineering
 Table of Contents

1. Introduction/Abstract.......................................................................................2
1.1. Objectives.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................2
1.2. Background / Theory...........................................................................................2

2. Experiment Procedure and Setup...................................................................3

2.1. Apparatus/device description...............................................................................3
2.2. Procedure............................................................................................................4

3. Results................................................................................................................4
3.1. Observations........................................................................................................4
3.2. Calculations.........................................................................................................5

4. Discussion / Analysis.........................................................................................5

5. Conclusion .........................................................................................................5

References................................................................................................................5
Appendix (Optional)................................................................................................6

1
1. Introduction/Abstract
1.1. Objectives

a) To study the influence of the specimen material on notched bar impact work.
b) To study the influence of the notch shape on notched bar impact work.

1.2. Background / Theory

The deformation of a material can differs under different conditions of stress. For this
reason, knowledge of the deformation behaviour of a material is an important criterion for
evaluating and selection a material. The phenomena of failure are different for ductile and
brittle material because both it depends upon load conditions such as stress, strain, speed
and temperature.
Two standardized tests are used to measure the impact energy i.e., the Charpy and Izod. The
primary difference between the Charpy and Izod techniques lies in the manner of specimen
support. These are termed as impact tests because of the manner of load application. The
Charpy test is carried out with the help of pendulum impact tester. The Charpy impact test
follows testing criteria according to ASTM A370. ASTM stands for American Society for
Testing Materials. (Annexure attached).

Figure # 1 (pendulum impact tester)

2
2. Experiment Procedure and Setup

2.1. Apparatus/Device description

1) Anvil. (Footing)
2) Support.
3) Protective Ring.
4) Trailing Pointer / Maximum Indicator.
5) Scale. (For 25 N-m maximum capacity)
6) Hammer.
7) Bottom hand lever. (for releasing hammer)
8) Brake.
9) Notched bar specimen.
10) Safety hook. (for holding the hammer)
11) Hammer lock.
12) Guider pin.
13) Additional weight.
14) reinforced screw (8).
15) Allen key.
Table # 1 (Material & Notch Shape)
Notch Type Material
V-Notch, U-Notch Steel alloy
V-Notch, U-Notch Brass
V-Notch, U-Notch Aluminum Alloy

3
 Figure # 2

Figure # 3 (Specimen Placement Orientations)

2.2. Procedure

The pendulum impact tester must rest on a flat base. Before the experiments, an impact
should be tried without the specimen to determine if the hammer swings freely. Then, the
zero point is set. The hammer must be released with both hands.
The notched bar to be broken is placed in the support that is firmly screwed to the anvil. The
specimen is positioned with the notch facing the impact and affixed to the mandrel.
The specimen is either destroyed and fractures when it is hit by hammer, or it is bent by the
impact and is drawn between the stops. The applied work is indicated by the maximum
indicator on the scale. The following two processes are essential.
1) Holding the pendulum.
2) Releasing the pendulum.
First of all pull the hammer lock upwards and move the hammer as far as the stop for the
axis- the hook then engages with the bottom hand lever. Then move the hammer
downwards slightly until the upper hammer lock engages.
For releasing the pendulum, pull the hammer lock upwards. Then press the bottom hand
lever to release the pendulum. Record the reading.

3. Results
3.1. Observations

a) Table # 2 (Effect of Material)

Impact energy (J) Material #S

12.9 Aluminum Alloy .1.
4 Brass .2.

4
 24.8 Steel alloy .3.

b) Table # 3 (Effect of Notch)

Impact energy (J) Type of Notch Material #S

12.9 V-Notch Aluminum Alloy .1.
22.4 U-Notch Aluminum Alloy .2.

3.2. Calculations

4. Discussion / Analysis

The experiment's results verify the theory. An impact is force applied when two or objects
collide, Impact energy is the energy required to fracture the material and his unit is J/m.
Fracture mechanics mean fracture of materials to know their resistance to fracture by cracks
in these materials. Charpy and IZOD tests the differences in these are way specimen is placed,
the notch in IZOD faces the striker, fastened in fastened is opposite side of the striker. Ductile
fracture in the converse and involves large plastic deformation before separation, Brittle
fracture involves fracture without any appreciable plastic deformation. The ductile fractures
require more energy than brittle fracture. The stress is present than the surrounding area (like
sharp corner) . The factors which effect the impact testing are strain rate and temperature. The
Charpy followers ASTM A370. Holding the pendulum and releasing the pendulum are the
two most important processes during impact testing experiment. The material is placed in
vertical position for Izod and the material is placed in horizontal position for Charpy teat.
Impact energy is also known as notch Toughness it is true. The size of Izod testing specimen
is 10 mm*10 mm*55 mm it is false.

5. Conclusion
we did observe in the impact test experiment that to have the impact you have to release the
energy in the pendulum in order to do that you have two prosses (1) is holding the pendulum
(2) releasing the pendulum. The concentration of stress in the notch root depend on the type
of notch when we have sharp notch (V) the is more stress constating, where in the smooth
(U) notch we have less strass constating. Also, the fracture of the material depends on the

5
ductility and the brittle, the ductility is more resistant to fracturs do to the high amount of
carbons allow however the brittle is easy to fractur.

References

Appendix (Optional)