00:00 only be converted you see the electromagnetic waves, the

- [Voiceover] Let's now explore the first 01:06 light,

00:02 only be converted, 02:06
law of thermodynamics. 01:09 being emitted from it.
00:04 I'm having trouble writing today. 02:08
And before even talking about the first 01:11 And that light, so this is radiant energy.
law of Converted from one form, 02:11
00:06 01:15 Radiant energy.
thermodynamics, some of you might be from one form, 02:14
saying, 01:18 And that radiant energy,
00:08 to another. 02:18
"Well, what are thermodynamics?" 01:21 is due to the heat in the filament right
00:09 Or you could transfer it but you're not over here,
And you could tell from the roots of this going to, 02:22
word. 01:23 as the electrons go through it, it
00:12 you're not going to create or destroy it. generates heat,
You have thermo, related to thermal, 01:25 02:25
00:14 And the whole thing that I, the rest of so you have thermal energy.
it's dealing with temperature. this video 02:27
00:15 01:27 So you have thermal energy as well.
And the dynamics, the properties of I just want to really have you internalize 02:30
temperature, that, Thermal energy.
00:18 01:30 02:32
how do they move, how does and I want to look at a bunch of But where does this radiant and
temperature behave? examples and think about, thermal
00:20 01:32 02:34
And that's pretty much what well, what is the energy that we're energy come from?
thermodynamics is, observing, 02:36
00:22 01:34 Again, first law of thermodynamics it
it's about, it's the study of heat and or that we're seeing in a system? tells us,
temperature, 01:36 02:38
00:25 And then thinking about where is that it's not just being created out of thin air,
and how it relates to energy and work, energy 02:40
00:27 01:37 it must be converted or being
and how different forms of energy can coming from, to appreciate that it's not transferred from some place.
be just 02:43
00:29 01:39 Well, I just gave you a hint, this thermal
transferred from one form to another. coming out of nowhere, and that it's not energy
00:31 just 02:46
And that's actually the heart of the 01:41 is due to the electrons moving through
00:32 disappearing, it's not getting destroyed the filament.
first law of thermodynamics which we either. 02:50
touched on 01:43 They're moving through the filament
00:35 And so let's start with this example of a which has
on the introduction to energy video. lightbulb. 02:52
00:37 01:47 some resistance, and that generates
And the first law of thermodynamics And I encourage you to pause this heat.
tell us video, 02:54
00:40 01:49 So the electrons are moving through
that energy, think about the forms of energy that we this,
00:42 can see here, 02:58
this is an important one, I'm going to 01:52 and as they move through that resistor,
write it down, and then think about where is that they generate heat.
00:44 energy coming from, 03:01
energy cannot be created or destroyed. 01:54 So you actually have the kinetic energy
00:47 and where is it going? of the electrons.
Cannot be created, 01:56 03:04
00:49 Well, the most obvious form of energy I'll just write KE for short, kinetic energy
or destroyed. that you see here, 03:07
00:55 01:59 of the actual electrons.
It can only be converted from one form and this, the whole point of a lightbulb, 03:09
to another. 02:01 Well, where is that kinetic energy
00:59 is you see the radiant energy, you see coming from?
It can only the 03:11
01:04 02:03
Well that's coming from the potential And this right over here would be an And that energy is essentially going to
energy. open system, be
03:14 04:15 05:14
You know maybe this thing is plugged it's going to, converted to heat.
into, 04:16 05:16
03:16 the air inside the lightbulb, you can't And one trend that you're going to see
is plugged into a socket of some kind. fully see 05:17
03:19 04:19 very frequently, is as systems progress,
So let me draw a little electric socket the lightbulb right here, but it looks 05:21
03:21 something like this. a lot more of the energy tends to turn
right over here. 04:22 into heat,
03:23 That's going to heat up, but then it's 05:25
And the electric socket, I'll draw, going to heat up rather than doing useful work.
03:25 04:25 05:28
the electric socket if this is the electric the glass surrounding the lightbulb, And so you're going to have, as the
socket 04:26 billiard balls
03:28 and that's going to heat up the 05:30
in your home, surrounding air. move, there's the air, and so that's
03:30 04:28 going to be,
there is an electrostatic potential So the thermal energy is going to be 05:33
between transferred, that's going to be converted, some of
03:33 04:30 that kinetic energy
these two terminals. and that radiant energy is going to 05:36
03:35 move outward. is going to be turned into heat energy.
And so when you make a connection, 04:33 05:38
03:37 And it could be used, it could be You're also going to have friction with
the electrons are able to move. converted into other 05:40
03:40 04:35 the actual felt on the table.
And we'll get into the details of AC and forms of energy, most likely thermal 05:42
DC current energy, And that friction, you're going to have
03:42 04:38 molecules
in the future, but there's an electrostatic it is also probably going to heat up 05:43
potential, other things. rubbing up against each other,
03:46 04:40 05:45
from this point to this point if we Well, what about a pool table? that's also going to be converted into
assume that's 04:42 heat.
03:48 When I hit a, if I hit a pool, 05:48
the direction that the electrons are 04:45 And so that, because that kinetic
going in. a billiard ball or a pool ball right over energy gets sapped off,
03:50 here, 05:51
And so that, it's that potential energy 04:47 gets keeping sapped away from the
we convert to well, where is that energy going? friction,
03:53 04:49 05:55
this kinetic energy of the electrons, Well some of that energy might be which is essentially converting the
03:55 going to go hit kinetic energy
which is really in the form of a current, 04:52 05:58
03:57 the next ball, which might go to hit the to heat energy, eventually you won't
and then that gets converted into next ball. have
thermal energy 04:55 06:00
04:00 But as we all know, if we've ever played any more kinetic energy.
and radiant energy. pool, 06:01
04:02 04:58 Now what about this weight lifter here?
Now what happens after, let's say you at some point they're going to stop. 06:03
unplug the light, 05:00 He's using the chemical energy in his,
04:04 So what happened to all of that energy? 06:05
the light goes dark, what happened to 05:01 in the ATP in his muscles, that converts
all of that energy? Well, while they were rolling, into
04:07 05:03 06:08
Is it still there? there was some air resistance, kinetic energy that moves his muscles,
04:09 05:06 06:10
Well yeah, that thermal energy is going so they're bumping against these, the that moves this weight, but once he's in
to continue air molecules, this position,
04:11 05:11 06:13
to dissipate through the system. and it's really friction due to air. what happened to all of that energy?
04:13 05:13 06:15
Well, a lot of that energy is now being 07:13 08:07
stored in potential. And also, when he was running, there You have the chemical potential energy
06:17 was this contact of the fuel here
it's the potential energy, he's got this 07:18 08:10
big weight, with the ground, that's going to make being, you have combustion occurring,
06:20 the molecules 08:13
he's got that big weight above his head, 07:20 and then that gets converted into the
06:23 of the ground vibrate a little bit, some thermal energy,
and if he were to just let go, that thing of it will be 08:16
would fall, 07:23 and the radiant energy of what we
06:25 transferred as sound, so the air associate with fire.
I wouldn't recommend he do that, particles 08:20
06:27 07:25 And that doesn't disappear,
but that thing would fall quite fast. moving through the air, and a lot of it 08:21
06:29 will be heat. it just keeps radiating outwards,
And so now it's all, or a lot of it has 07:29 08:23
been And we're going to see that over and the radiant energy just keeps radiating
06:31 over and over again. outward,
stored up in potential energy. 07:31 08:25
06:33 The diver up here, you have mostly maybe it might heat up something.
But he would have also generated heat, potential energy. 08:26
06:34 07:34 And the thermal energy will just keep
his muscles would have generated Then it converts to kinetic energy as radiating outward,
heat. he's, 08:29
06:36 07:36 or I should say, the thermal energy will
Even the act of moving it through the as he gets almost in the water. just dissipate
air is going to be 07:38 08:32
06:38 But what happens once he falls into the outward, and heat up the things around
some heat in the air, some friction with water? it.
it. 07:40 08:35
06:40 Well, then that energy's going to be Same thing with our lightning example.
And so I want you to appreciate that transferred, 08:37
this energy is not 07:41 You start with the electrostatic
06:42 as you're going to have these waves of potential,
coming out of nowhere, it is being water move away. 08:41
converted 07:44 where the bottom of the clouds were
06:46 And it will also increase friction, so, well more negative,
from one form or another, or being actually 08:44
transferred 07:47 and then the ground is positive as well,
06:48 he would have had friction as he fell 08:46
from one part of the system to another. down, and at some point, that potential energy
06:50 07:49 turns into
Now we can look at these examples so that would have generated some 08:49
over here. heat, kinetic energy as the electrons transfer
06:53 07:50 through the air,
Same thing with our runner, what and there would have been also some 08:53
happens after, heat with and then that gets converted into, or a
06:55 07:52 good bit is
you can buy the fact that okay, his the friction with the water, you normally 08:57
chemical energy is don't think of going to be converted to heat and
06:58 07:53 radiant energy.
allowing his muscles to move, and friction with the water, but there is 09:00
that's turning in some friction So the whole point of this video is, no
07:01 07:55 matter what
his kinetic energy for his entire body, with the actual water, and there's also, 09:03
his body is moving, 07:57 example you look at, if you think about
07:05 these waves, you have higher kinetic it carefully enough,
but at some point he stops, where did energy 09:06
all that energy go? 08:00 and I encourage you to do this in your
07:08 of the actual water being transferred everyday life,
Well, some of it will be heat in his body outward 09:08
that's being 08:02 the energy isn't just coming out of,
07:11 from where he actually dropped in. 09:10
dissipated into the broader system, into 08:05 you know, magically appearing,
the air. And I could keep going on and on. 09:11
it's just being converted from one form
to another.