Problem 13.

147 [Difficulty: 4]

Given: Oxygen supplied to astronaut via umbilical

Find: Required entrance pressure and power needed to pump gas through the tube

Solution:

The given or available data is: R = 259.8 J/kg-K

cp = 909.4 J/kg-K
k = 1.4
Q= 10 L/min
D= 1 cm
L= 15 m
f= 0.01
T1 = 20 °C
T1 = 293 K
T2 = 293 K
p2 = 30 kPa

Equations and Computations:

At the exit of the pipe we can calculate the density:
ρ2 = 0.39411 kg/m3
so the mass flow rate is:
m= 6.568E-05 kg/s
The pipe area is:
A= 7.854E-05 m2
Therefore, the flow velocity is:
V2 = 2.12 m/s
The local sound speed is:
c2 = 326.5 m/s
So the Mach number is:
M 2 = 0.006500
From the exit Mach number we can calculate:
T 02/T 2 = 1.0000
fL 2/D = 16893.2
Given the length, diameter, and friction factor, we know:
fL 1-2/D = 15.0
Therefore: fL 1/D = 16908.2
So from this information we can calculate the entrance Mach number:
M 1 = 0.006498
fL 1/D = 16908.2
(We use Solver to calculate the Mach number based on the friction length)
The entrance sound speed is the same as that at the exit:
c1 = 326.5 m/s
So the flow velocity is:
V1 = 2.12 m/s
We can calculate the pressure ratio from the velocity ratio:
p1 = 30.0 kPa
From the entrance Mach number we can calculate:
T 01/T 1 = 1.0000
So the entrance and exit stagnation temperatures are:
T 01 = 293.00 K
T 02 = 293.00 K
The work needed to pump the gas through the pipeline would be:
W = 1.3073E-07 W
W = 0.1307 microwatts