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اساسيات الفزيا النوويه
اساسيات الفزيا النوويه
Some Definitions :
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(A=Z+N)
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(Z=A-N)
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Ex :
1 16
1 H = 1 nucleon 8 O = 16 nucleons
4
2 He = 4 nucleons
Ex :
1 2 3 14 15 16
1 H, 1 H, 1 H 8 O , 8 O , 8 O
16 15 14
8 O, 7 N, 6 C
Ex :
14 14
6 C , 7 C
neutrons :
(P=N).
Ex :
1 16
1 H , 8 O
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Ex :
238 226
92 U , 88 Ra
4
1 ) Alpha . α , 2 He
2 ) Beta . β , e-
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A
Z X A Y Z +1 + α + Qβ
A
Z X A Y Z + α + Qϒ–ray
Types of Radioactivity :
1 ) neutral radioactivity .
2 ) artificial radioactivity .
Units of radioactivity :
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1
amu = 6.023× 1023 = 1.66 × 10 - 24 g = 1.66 × 10 - 27 Kg
12
Mass of carbon (mc) = 6.023× 10 = 19.92 × 10 - 27 Kg23
21 1 1 27-
320.6 ×01 32 ×21 = amu = 12 × mc kg 10 ×1.66054 =
– 27
U = 1.6605 × 10 kg 1
– 27
Mp = 1.672623 × 10 kg
– 27
Mn = 1.674929 × 10 kg
– 27
Me = 9.10939 × 10 kg
1 ev = 1.6 × 10 – 19 J
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