Lesson I

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS & SOCIETY

 Identify the intellectual revolutions that shaped
society across time;
 Explain how intellectual revolutions transformed the
views of society about dominant scientific thought;
and
 Research on other intellectual revolutions that
advance modern science and technology thinking
 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
- Period of enlightenment when the
developments in the fields of
mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology and chemistry transformed
the views of society about nature.

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 SCIENCE IDEA

HUMANS SOCIETY

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 Nicolaus Copernicus
 Copernican Revolution
- Refers to the 16th century paradigm
shift rooted from the heliocentric
model of the universe formulated by
Copernicus.

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 Copernican Revolution
- marked a turning point in the study
of cosmology and astronomy making
it a truly important intellectual
revolution

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 Charles Darwin
- English naturalist, geologist and
biologist credited for stirring
another contribution in the 19th
century

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 Charles Darwin
- His treatise on the science of
evolution “ The origin of species” was
published in 1859 and began a
revolution that brought humanity to
new era of intellectual discovery.

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 Charles Darwin
• Natural Selection
- An evolutionary process by which
organisms inherit, develop and
adapt traits that favored survival
and reproduction.

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 DARWINIAN
COPERNICAN
REVOLUTION REVOLUTION

demonstration of the power of the laws

of nature in explaining biological
phenomena of survival and reproduction

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 SUMMARY of Darwin’s Theory of
Evolution
A species is a population of organisms that
interbreeds and has fertile offspring.

Living organisms have descended with modifications

from species

Natural selection explains how this evolution has

happened:

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 SUMMARY of Darwin’s Theory of
Evolution
 Natural selection explains how this evolution has
happened:
 More organisms are produced that can survive
because of limited resources.
 Organisms struggle for the necessities of life:
there is competition for resources.
 Individuals within a population vary in their traits:
some of these traits are heritable.

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 SUMMARY of Darwin’s Theory of
Evolution
 Natural selection explains how this evolution has
happened:
 Some variants are better adapted to survive and
reproduce under local conditions than others.
 Better-adapted individuals are more likely to
survive and reproduce.
 Species whose individuals are best adapted
survive; others become extinct.

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 DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
- through this, the development of
organisms and the origin of unique forms
of life and humanity could be rationalized by
a lawful system or an orderly process of
change underpinned by laws of nature

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 Sigmund Freud
- Austrian Neurologist that
stirred the 20th century
revolution on his proposed
psychoanalysis.
- Freudian Revolution

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 Psychoanalysis
- Scientific method of understanding
inner and unconscious conflicts
embedded within one’s personality,
springing from free associations ,
dreams and fantasies of individual.

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 Psychoanalysis
- emphasized the existence of the
unconscious where feelings, thoughts,
urges, emotions, and memories are
contained outside of one’s conscious
mind

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 Psychoanalysis was more of an
ideological stance than a
scientific one.

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 Sigmund Freud
- suggested that humans are
inherently pleasure-seeking
individuals

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 • People could be cured by making
conscious their unconscious thoughts
and motivations, thus gaining insight
• To release repressed emotions and
experience

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 ASSUMPTIONS
- Psychological problems are rooted in the
unconscious mind
- Manifest symptoms are caused by latent
disturbances
- Typical causes include unresolved issues during
development or repressed trauma
- Treatment focuses on bringing the repressed
conflict to consciousness, where the client can
deal with it
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