Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
BAYAMBANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Bayambang, Pangasinan

MODULE
Introduction to Media and QUARTER

2 Information Literacy 1

INTRODUCTION

In the previous lesson, you have learned that communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from a
source to a receiver through and by communication channels, media tools, contexts, and cultures. Media and information is the core of
communication and thus, a vital part of it.

As explained in the previous topic, media serves as both the source and a channel. Information is the content that we share during
communication. Thus, the importance of communication, media, and information makes it essential for you to be skilled and
knowledgeable in the access and use of each of these. This is where media, information, and technology literacy comes in. In this lesson,
you will be going to understand the purpose of media and information sources and value them as part of communication tools.

YOUR TARGETS

Learning Competencies
Identify the similarities and differences between and among media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Describe how media and information affect communication;
2. Differentiate media literacy, information literacy and technology literacy; and
3. Understand and value the concept of Media and Information Literacy as a whole.

What I Know: Pre-test

Direction: Describe the following persons by writing ML for media literate, IL for information literate and TL for technology literate
individual on the space given.

____1. Juan has the ability to identify, locate and evaluate details.
____2. Lelia has the competencies and skills to engage in different forms of media.
____3. Lara can manage to use various technological tools independently.
____4. Ric can distinguish news from Fake news.
____5. Sandy is competent in managing and using all media platforms.

DO THIS

Activity #1: Media Habits

Direction: Reflect to your personal use of and interaction with media and information providers (such as internet, social media, TV, radio,
newspaper, etc). Think about how many hours you spend engaged with each one. These do not have to be exact, and you can estimate
the number of hours you spend each week. After your reflection answer the succeeding questions:

Sample response:
Media or information provider # of hours in one week

Social Media (Facebook etc..) 12 hours

Learning Module in Media and Information Literacy Module #2 Page 1 of 5

 Television 20 hours

Books 3 hours

Others

Answer the following questions:

a. On which media did you spend the most time?
b. What role/s do media play in your life? (leisure, learning, communication, etc.)

The activity you just did is one way of evaluating your level of media and information Literacy – knowing what media tools these are, why
they are used, how they are used, and how credible they are.

LESSON PROPER

In order to have a better understanding about the topic, first let’s define the following key terminologies:

Definition of Terms:

a. Literacy – is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute using printed and written materials
associated with varying contexts. It involves a continuum of learning.

b. Media – is the physical objects used to communicate with or the mass communication through physical objects such as radio, television,
film etc. and new media like computer, Internet.

c. Information – is the processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.

d. Media Literacy – is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizen by
providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.

e. Information Literacy – is the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate and effectively communicate
information in its various formats.

f. Technology Literacy – is the ability to understand the concepts behind computing equipment, network connectivity and application
software as well as the responsible, appropriate and effective use technological tools.

g. Media and Information Literacy - is the essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage with media and other
information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.

h. Media Habits – it is a person’s normal use of media. Example: reading newspaper every morning to get the latest information on the
happenings in the country.

i. Media Lifestyle – it is person’s use of media based on his or her styles, interests and attitudes of individuals. Example: sport active
individuals use Internet to find latest trends and information regarding fitness and health.

j. Media Preferences – it is a person’s choice of media platform which affected by the accessibility, availability, affordability and
convenience of that media platform. Example: most people prefer watching television as the sources of news because it is accessible and
available.

Now, in order to have a broader understanding about the topic, let’s define the word literacy. UNESCO defines literacy as the “ability to
identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.”
Literacy involves a wide range of learning, wherein individuals able to develop their knowledge and skills, achieve their goals, and
participate fully in their community and wider society.

All the definitions and descriptions of media suggest that it is a channel for transmitting information. With the abundance of media
technology nowadays, you are overwhelmed with countless information from a vast collection of sources. And at times, you may even
struggle to distinguish which among all these information and sources are useful and credible.

But before you begin to identify the information you need and the places to look for it, you have to be familiar with the nature of information.
The UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers regard information as a “broad term that can cover data, knowledge
derived from study, experience, or instruction, signals, or symbols.” When you use media, information is referred to as the “knowledge of
specific events or situation that has been gathered or received by communication, intelligence, or newspapers.” Take a look at the table
below for the specific definitions of Media, Information, and Technology Literacy.

Table 1: Definition of Media Literacy, Information Literacy, and Technology Literacy

LITERACY DEFINITION
Media Literacy The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a
variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with
the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with
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 traditional media and new technologies.
Information Literacy The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate,
evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various
formats.
Technology (Digital) Literacy The ability of an individual, either working independently or with
others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use
technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access,
manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.
Source: (UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers)

Media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy are combined together as Media and Information Literacy (MIL). Since media
and information is taking up more and more of our time, it’s important that we understand its influence on everything we do a nd how we
can knowledgeably and skillfully navigate our way through them.

What is Media and Information Literacy?

UNESCO defines Media and Information Literacy as “a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access, retrieve, understan d,
evaluate and use, to create as well as share information and media content in all formats, using various tools, in a critical, ethical and
effective way, in order to participate and engage in personal, professional and societal activities.” In simpler terms, it is the ability to
effectively and efficiently create, use, comprehend, and share information through any mediated communication. The ability to navigate the
media is a powerful and crucial skill.

MIL DEFINED AS:

Figure 1:

in order to
to access &
set of participate and
retrieve, information and in a critical,
competencies engage in
understand & media content in ethical and
that empowers personal,
evaluate, & use, all formats effective way
citizens professional and
create, and share
societal activities

Taking into consideration the definitions in Table 1, try to think back to the kinds of media you spent your time today. Reflect on the
following actions and questions:

 Access – What kind of media were you absorbing? How did you get to it?
 Analyze – Where you making sense of its messages? Do you need this information?
 Evaluate – Were you aware that each message was created by someone with their own goals and opinions?
 Create – When you create media, like a Facebook post or an Instagram story, what is your responsibility to those who view it?
 Act – What do you do with all that information you just received? Can you access or locate other credible information sources?

Being media and information literate means being able to know where and how to access sources of information; to analyze the meaning
and importance of information we come across; to evaluate the value, truthfulness, and credibility of such information; to create, produce,
and share media products knowing fully well your responsibility to your audience. With media and information literacy skills, you will have
the power to think through each of these important questions every time you pick up your phone, publish a Facebook post, or turn on the
TV.

BENEFITS OF BEING MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERATE

1. It teaches you how to verify information and acknowledge others’ perspectives.

Is this photo real or edited? Did this person really say this statement? Is the source of this article credible? Is this post backed with
evidence? These are the things the MIL teaches you to ask. Ultimately, it compels you to discern the credibility of information you come
across especially on the Internet.

2. It encourages audiences to think critically.

With critical thinking, you are able to wisely use the information you have with you to objectively form an informed opinion or perspective
about a certain matter or issue. You are also able to discern whether this information makes sense, what it contains, and what it lacks. You
not only get to formulate your own ideas using the information you’ve acquired, but also cite these ideas as examples to support your
opinions.

3. It promotes responsible information sharing and dissemination.

With the spread of false information nowadays, MIL encourages you to step back and evaluate the truthfulness of the things you share in
social media and even those that you speak of to your friends, relatives, or colleagues.

4. It helps you identify and understand the media’s role in our culture.

From the billboards to the texts and the videos that we see around us, media tend to promote our culture in various ways. MIL makes you
conscious of these influences on your preferences, tastes, choices, and even lifestyles. This is important for you to be aware of the extent
of media’s influence on your life so as for you to evaluate whether it has been doing you good or bad.
Learning Module in Media and Information Literacy Module #2 Page 3 of 5
5. It teaches you to think and decide objectively, factually, and reasonably.

Each story and information that you see everywhere you go has a side. Being Media and Information Literate reminds us that the
messages we encounter often have more than one side and that it is our responsibility to explore these other angles. Knowing all sides of
the story will not only keep you neutral in issues but will also help you stay aware of texts or images that are meant to dec eive its readers
into picking sides, such as fake news or propaganda messages.

6. It encourages you to actively participate in public affairs as a citizen.

Media keeps you updated with what’s happening in current affairs. Have the opportunity to voice out your opinions, whether literally or in
social media, gives you the ability to actively engage in public discourse, healthy conversations, where the views of people may affect the
collective opinion of others regarding a certain issue. If done correctly, sending out a voice or starting a movement through social media
can also make an impact in government affairs or make a similar change in the world.

7. It teaches you to create your own content responsibly.

Media creators aren’t only those who work under the media industry. In reality, even our Facebook posts or tweet are already a form of
media. You, in turn, are creating a piece of information that you’re willing to share, and each post that you share on social media contains
information that you are responsible for.

8. It makes you better appreciate media products.

MIL makes you more familiar of how media messages and productions are created, developed, improved, packaged, advertised, and
disseminated. Your knowledge on these make you value more the work and effort poured into making such products. Moreover, as you
view or listen products of art through media, you are able to appreciate not only its entertainment value but also its technical aspects.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity #2: Complete Me
Direction: Complete the sentence stem below.

1. Based on what I’ve learned, I can define media and information literacy as: ___________________________________.
2. Media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy are important lifelong skills because: __________________________
3. As a media and information literate person I practice the following habits: ____________________________________________
4. Based on what I’ve learned it shows that the difference between media literacy, information literacy and technology literacy was:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

WHAT I CAN DO
Activity #3: Being a Media and Information Literate Individual
Direction: Write a blog entry (essay type) discussing what you can contribute to your community if you are a media and information literate
individual. Your entry must have a title, an introduction, a body paragraph (1 main argument with 2 examples), and a conclusion and Not
less than 200 words. Submit your final output, with your FULL NAME and SECTION. Put your output using yellow pad paper or print it
using long coupon bond (8.5x13).

ASSESSMENT (POST-TEST)
Direction: Part I: Write the letter of the correct answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. This type of literacy enables us to access, manage, and integrate technologies to create and communicate information.
a. Media Literacy b. Information Literacy c. Technology Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
2. This type of literacy evaluates different media forms and how can they be analyzed, evaluated, and created to send out messag es
efficiently and ethically.
a. Media Literacy b. Information Literacy c. Technology Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
3. This type of literacy identifies what the information is for, where to find it, and how to evaluate it.
a. Media Literacy b. Information Literacy c. Technology Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
4. This refers to how a person is able to look for relevant information from various media with the help of technology.
a. Media Literacy b. Information Literacy c. Technology Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy
5. These are acquired data for specific purpose.
a. Media Literacy b. Information Literacy c. Technology Literacy d. Media and Information Literacy

Part II. TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is valid and FALSE if not.
1. An information literate person should first understand the question to figure out the type of information sources he or she needed.
2. Information needed comes from one source or method.
3. Media creators are only those who work under the media industry.
4. Information is difficult to be shared or learned upon if a person cannot understand what it is about.
5. Media is a collection of communication mediums such as radio, television, newspaper, and the Internet

Learning Module in Media and Information Literacy Module #2 Page 4 of 5

 REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY

Activity #4: Table Completion

Direction: As earlier discussed, Information Literacy involves being able to access, manage, and share information in a knowledgeable
and responsible manner. This is a test on how well you can do such task. Read and analyze the situation below. Afterwards, answer the
matrix that follows. Submit your final output, with your FULL NAME and SECTION. Put your output using yellow pad paper or print it using
long coupon bond (8.5x13).

“According to the weather forecast, there is no typhoon. However, your locality is experiencing heavy rainfall, while some parts in your
province /region are already flooded. There are reported incidents of landslide, evacuation, stranded vehicles and drowning. As a student,
what are you going to do?”

QUESTIONS ANSWERS
Information needs
What information do you need?

Sources of information
Where will you get them?

Access to information
How will you access them?

Evaluate information
How will you check the quality of information?

Organize information
How will you organize and store them

Communicate information
How will you create and communicate them?

SUMMARY

To sum up the topic, MIL would form independent critical-reflective thinkers and knowledge builders. It will “empower people to exercise
their universal rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of opinion and expression, as well as to seek, impart and receive
information, taking advantage of emerging opportunities in the most effective, inclusive, ethical and efficient manner for the benefit of all
individuals (UNESCO, 2013).”

REFERENCES

Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd

Media and Information Literacy Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode by DepEd Region XI
Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers
http://faculty.georgetown.edu/irvinem/CCTP748/Carey-summary-comm-culture.html
http://juliemartin.org/juliemartin-audiencesreception.pdf
http://communicationtheory.org/category/communication-models/page/2/

Key Answer:
5. ML 5. True 5. A
4. ML 4. True 4. D
3. TL 3. False 3. B
2. ML 2. False 2. A
1. IL 1. True 1. C
Pre-test Part II: Part I:
Post-test

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