RESERVOIR QUALITY

DETERMINATION OF FX FIELD

BY
MARINA BINTI MORZANI
23407
SUPERVISED BY:
INTRODUCTION
• STUDY AREA
• FX field, Central Luconia, Sarawak
• Steep carbonate platform
• Regressive cycle focusing on Cycle IV –Middle
Miocene Carbonate

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The reservoir quality is heterogenous which
the porosity and permeability varies.
• Reservoir quality is needed to know the most
economical area to explore hydrocarbon
production.
OBJECTIVES
• To interpret carbonate microfacies in wells FX-1.
• To evaluate the reservoir potential of the carbonate rocks of well FX-1

SCOPE OF STUDY
• Thin section study
• Microfacies identification
• Petrophysical well log analysis
• Paleoenvironment study
• Identification of diagenesis
 LITERATURE REVIEW

• Central Luconia stretches for 240x240 km, covers 20-80 m of deep

of South China Sea

• According to Janjuhah (2017), Central Luconia is considered the

biggest gas provinces in the Sarawak Basin, offshore NW.

• Dominated with large expansion of Middle Miocene to recent

carbonate

• In the different parts of the Central Luconia Basin, extensional

tectonics, strike-slip and wrench tectonic structures involved in
basin are represented.

• Most of the sediments are dominated by clinoforms that form the

basis for the stratigraphic subdivision into 8 regressive cycles which
are divided by major transgression.
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT WORKFLOW
Literature Review

Thin Section Study

Well Log Analysis

Depositional
Environment Modelling

Composite Log
Thin Section Study Well Log Analysis

• Identification of microfacies • Identification of reservoir quality according to

based on Dunham Classification porosity, permeability and facies.
(1962)
• Identification of porosity types
lithology and components of the
carbonate rock.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 Microfacies (MF) Type of Porosity Porosity
(%)
Genesis
MICROFACIES
Coral Floatstone to
Rudstone (MF2)
Intraparticle, vuggy,
moldic
30
Depositional,
dissolution and
diagenesis
DETERMINATION
Depositional,
Coral Rudstone to Intraparticle, vuggy,
25 dissolution and • There are eight types of microfacies (MF) that are observed and identified from the thin
Floatstone (MF6) moldic
diagenesis
sections. Dominated by Coral Rudstone and Red Algal Packstone.
Red Algae Packstone Interparticle, Diagenesis and
20
(MF1) intraparticle, vuggy depositional • The type of porosity and their genesis according to Choquette and Pray (1970) are mainly:
Foraminiferal Moldic, vuggy, Diagenesis and
20 • Vuggy –dissolution (major)
Floatstone (MF8) intraparticle depositional
Foraminiferal Diagenesis and • Moldic –diagenesis or dissolution (major)
Interparticle, vuggy 20
Packstone (MF3) dissolution
• Intraparticle – depositional or dissolution
Diagenesis,
Moldic, intraparticle,
Coral Packstone (MF4) 15 depositional and • Interparticle –dissolution and compaction
vuggy
dissolution
Foraminiferal • The leaching and the solubility of calcium carbonate increases from low magnesium
Diagenesis and
Floatstone to Rudstone Interparticle, moldic 15 (LMC) to aragonite and High Magnesium Calcite (HMC) which are the major cause of
dissolution
(MF5)
dissolution.
Coral Rudstone (MF7) Moldic 10 Dissolution
• The rate of dissolution is based on the time of sediments exposed to meteoric water.
 DISTRIBUTION OF MICROFACIES
IN FX FIELD
DISTRIBUTION OF
MF7 MF1 MF3 MF6 MF2 MF4 MF5 MF8
MICROFACIES IN FX FIELD
6%

6%
• Coral Rudstone (MF7) and Red Algal Packstone (MF1) are the
6% 29% most dominant microfacies in Well FX-1, which made up 29% and
23% of the total studied carbonate sections.
6%
• The second dominant facies are 12% of Foraminiferal Packstone
(MF3) and 12% of Coral Rudstone-Floatstone (MF6).

12%
• The rest of the facies are Coral Floatstone-Rudstone (FIR) (MF2),
Coral Packstone (MF4), Foraminiferal Floatstone - Rudstone (FIR)
(MF5), and Foraminiferal Packstone (MF8), each made up 6%
23% from the overall facies.
12%
 DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES
DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES OF
POROSITY IN FX FIELD

Intraparticle Interparticle Vuggy Mouldic

OF POROSITY IN FX FIELD
VUGGY MOLDIC INTRAPARTICLE INTERPARTICLE

20% 18%

• The dominant type of porosity in FX Field is vuggy

porosity with distribution of 32%
• The second dominant level of porosity is the moldic
30%
which is 30%.
32%

• Intraparticle is distributed in 20% and the least is

interparticle which is 18%
 DIFFERENCES IN POROSITY
BETWEEN THIN SECTION STUDY
Microfacies Porosity, (thin Porosity AND WELL LOG ANALYSIS
section) % (well logs)
%
MF1 20 19
MF2 30 18
MF3 20 18 • The variability and heterogeneity features of
MF4 15 20 carbonate reservoir from pore to reservoir scale
MF5 15 20 create a significant problem covering petrophysical
MF6 25 16 evaluation and consequently reservoir description.
MF7 10 12 • The heterogeneity vertically or horizontally in the
MF8 20 18 certain depth caused by diagenesis and dissolution
of the carbonate rocks in this field.
 PERMEABILITY OF THE
Microfacies Depth (ft) Permeability
MICROFACIES
(mD)
MF1 4010 4
MF2 4021 0
MF3 4232 20 • The permeability of the microfacies are relatively
MF4 4218 6 low compared to the porosity value of the
MF5 4254 0 carbonate rocks
MF6 4280 2 • The reason is because of the diagenesis dissolution
of the carbonate rock
MF7 4494 0
MF8 4670 9 • The dissolution formed the molds and vugs do not
contribute to increasing in connectivity which
explains the low permeability.
 DIFFERENCES IN POROSITY
RESERVOIR QUALITY OF FX BETWEEN THIN SECTION STUDY
FIELD, CENTRAL
Microfacies Porosity, (thin LUCONIA
Porosity AND WELL LOG ANALYSIS
section) % (well logs)
%
MF1 20 19
There are six reservoir
• MF2 30 zone that
18 are
considered as good
MF3 20 reservoir18 quality • The variability and heterogeneity features of
classified as R1-R6
MF4 15 20 carbonate reservoir from pore to reservoir scale
• MF5
The porosity of15 20
these good reservoir create a significant problem covering petrophysical
evaluation and consequently reservoir description.
zone are between
MF6 25 18-29% while
16 the
permeability ranges
MF7 10 between12200-1000 • The heterogeneity vertically or horizontally in the
mD
MF8 20 18 certain depth caused by diagenesis and dissolution
of the carbonate rocks in this field.
• The most important reservoir zone is in
R2 which is the red algae packstone
which has excellent porosity and
permeability
 RESERVOIR QUALITY OF FX
FIELD, CENTRAL LUCONIA

• The main porosity type in R2 is vuggy, intraparticle and

interparticle
• The permeability range of this reservoir zone is 600-800
mD
• The porosity range is around 25%
• The depth of the reservoir zone is 4177 ft to 4187 ft with
thickness of 10 ft
 CONCLUSION
• There are eight microfacies that are identified from FX Field which are red algal packstone (MF1), coral
floatstone-rudstone (FIR) (MF2), foraminiferal packstone (MF3), coral packstone (MF4), foraminiferal
floatstone - rudstone (MF5), coral rudstone-floatstone (MF6), coral rudstone (MF7) and foraminiferal
packstone (MF8).

• There are six good reservoir zones that are identified in the study area.

• The reservoir quality of FX Field has been affected by different digenesis processes, which are mainly
dissolution, compaction, cementation, dolomitization and leaching
 RECOMMENDATION
• This project could be more efficient and more accurate with the aid of updated software such as WellCAD
that could precisely detect the reservoir quality with less time needed.
• The thin section that are provided should be in proper range to make a better interpretation for the
carbonate rocks in this field.
• Reservoir rock typing and seismic section of the field will improve the interpretation of the project. The
reason is because seismic volume delivers the spatial correlation of any parameters.
• Furthermore, a hydrocarbon indication, containing RMS amplitude, envelope and sweetness, is useful for
certain seismic attributes.
• Methods such as linear regression models and neural networks can support the results of the reservoir
quality