BAHASA INGGRIS GEOGRAFI

“ CRITICAL BOOK REPORT ”

Supporting Lecturer

Dr. Sugiharto, M.SI

Arranged By :

NAME : Desandra N.A Siallagan

NIM : 3193331004

GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY
2020
 FOREWORD

First of all, all praise be to God Almighty who has given abundance of His favors and gifts so that I
can make this Critical Book Report on time according to the date agreed between us as students and lecturers
who teach English Geography.
In the process of this work, of course there will be interference from other parties, for that I am
thankful I also express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Sugiharto, M.SI as a lecturer who has provided systematics
in working on reports as well as on assignments.
Regarding the lack of reviewers, I apologize to the book which I am critical of, that the evaluation of this book
is only a form of fulfilling the assignments of the course.
Therefore, I hope that readers provide criticism and suggestions regarding this report that I have
made, in order to improve my ability in writing and to train our critical thinking to move forward together.

Medan, Oktober 2020

Writter

Desandra N.A Siallagan

NIM : 3193331004

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 TABLE OF CONTECS

FOREWORD..............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CHONTECS..........................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER..................................................................................................................................1
PRELIMINARY........................................................................................................................1
1.1BACKGROUD..................................................................................................................1
1.2WRITING PURPUSE.......................................................................................................1
1.3BENEFITS........................................................................................................................1
CHAPTERII...............................................................................................................................3
SUMMARY BOOK OF CONTENT.........................................................................................3
2.1 BOOK IDENITY.........................................................................................................3
2.2 MAIN BOOK..............................................................................................................4
A. MAIN BOOK..............................................................................................................4
B. BOOK OF COMPARISON........................................................................................8
CHAPTER III...........................................................................................................................12
DISCUSSION..........................................................................................................................12
3.1 BOOK EXCESS........................................................................................................12
A. MAIN BOOK............................................................................................................12
3.2 BOOK LACKS..........................................................................................................12
A. MAIN UTAMA.........................................................................................................12
B. BOOK OF COMPARISON......................................................................................12
CHAPTERIV...........................................................................................................................13
CLOSING................................................................................................................................13
4.1 CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................13
4.2 SUGGESTIONS........................................................................................................13
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................14

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 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

1.1 BACKGROUD
The development of information and communication technology is currently running
so fast and bringing about very significant changes in human life, both among the
government and the common people, in an era where everything can be easily done
whether it is for traveling, studying, fulfilling needs and other jobs.
This change is not only felt by the government and the common people but also in the
educational environment, especially universities or commonly referred to as students
(people who are currently studying at university).
This change has changed students who are required to read more, even more busy
with the technology they perceive today. As a result, the students' interest in reading is
very low, even rarely found today.
However, as a result, breakthroughs have been made to civilize reading activities,
namely by conducting Critical Book Reports and reviews, where students are required to
read a lot so that they can express critical thoughts in understanding and reading from a
book. Of course, this is very useful to produce cadres in the future who can see a problem
as brightly and can find a solution.

1.2 WRITING PURPOSE

In plain view, the purpose of this paper is to fulfill the assignments of the "English
Geography" course, but the essence of the goal is only to improve the quality of each
student.
The most important thing is that the purpose of this report is an event to hone
students' abilities and creativity in analyzing and seeing the contents of the book from
their own perspective.

1.3 BENEFITS
In the current development of the Indonesian curriculum, with the CBR assignment, it
can train students to think critically but still in the context of discussion, of course this is
of great benefit to many people and especially for the students themselves.
Indeed the benefits are not immediately felt the benefits of what has been done now,
but when they are involved in every job field or social layer, of course they will be more
prominent or better than the general public, they have more fluency in words, so that
benefits will also be felt by the community itself.

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 CHAPTER II
SUMMARY OF BOOK CONTENT

2.1 BOOK IDENITY

A. MAIN BOOK

Thema : Environmental Ecology and Development

writter : Otto Soermartowo

Publisher : Ikrar Mandiriaabadi

Year : 1926

Place : Jakarta

ISBN : 979-428-285-5+

B. BOOK OF COMPARISON

Thema : Ecology and Environment

writter : Ramli Utina, Dewi Wahyuni

Publiser :
Year : 2009
Place : Denpasar
ISBN : 978-979-1340-13-7

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2.1 SUMMARY OF BOOK CONTENT
A. MAIN BOOK

Chapter 1 Introduction
Environmental problems, or in short the environment, received great attention from
all countries. This was especially true in the decade of the 1970s following the holding of a
UN environmental comprehensive in Stockholm in 1972. It is also known as the
Stockholm Comprehension.
In Indonesia, concern about the environment has started to appear in the mass media
since the 1960s. In general, the news came from the western world and was picked up by
the mass media. Environmental problems that are covered by the mass media are
especially those concerning pollution.

Chapter 2 Ecology
The essence of environmental problems is the relationship between living things,
especially humans, with their environment. The science of the interrelationship between
living things and their environment is called ecology. Therefore, environmental problems
are essentially ecological problems.
In environmental criticism, the view is anthropocentric, that is, seeing the problem
from the point of view of human interests. Even though plants, animals and non-living
elements are concerned, this attention is given the attention that is not living elements
explicitly and implicitly related to the interests of humans. The survival of a type of plant
or animal, for example, is related to the role of the plant or animal in meeting the needs of
life, both material, for example food, and non-material, for example, its scientific value
and existence
Chapter 3 Environment
Humans Together with plants, animals and recreational bodies occupy a certain
room. Except for living things, in that room there are also inanimate objects, such as air
which consists of various gases, water in the form of vapor, liquid and solid, soil and rock.
The space occupied by a living being along with living and non-living things. In it is called
the living environment of these creatures.
The scope of the environmental assessment can be narrow, for example a house
with a yard or a large area, for example Irian Island. The layers of the earth and the air
where there are living creatures can also be considered as a large living environment,

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 namely the biosphere. Even the solar system and the entire universe can be objects of
review.
The nature of the environment is determined by a variety of factors. First, by the type and
amount of each type of environmental element. And the second is the relationship or
interaction between the elements in the environment.

Chapter 4 Environmental Management

Environmental management can be interpreted as a proper effort to maintain or
improve the quality of the environment based on basic needs that can be properly fulfilled.
Because the perception of basic needs, especially for humane survival, cannot be for all
groups of society and changes from time to time, environmental management must be
flexible. With this flexibility, we try not to close the choices of certain groups of people to
get their basic needs or to close the options early for later.
Humans have great adaptability, both biologically and culturally. For example,
humans can adjust to the use of polluted water. It forms disease resistance in its body and
because it suppresses its disgust there is a bad strain. Such adaptations, although they have
value in sustaining survival, must be regarded as maladaptation or unhealthy adaptations.
Maladaptation cannot be accepted in environmental management. Because living with
polluted water must be considered inhuman. Flexibility in environmental management must
not accommodate maladaptation.

Chapter 5 Conservation
Nature reserve is the equivalent of nature corservation. This essence is taken from
the term nature reserve which has long been used and has become standard. A nature
reserve is a plot of land that is guarded to protect the fauna and flora in it. In the nature
reserve there is no exploitation.
Cultural heritage has the same meaning as nature reserve. What is protected is not
an area that is natural in nature, but the result of human culture. For example, a temple
with the surrounding area. In contrast, biosphere reserves can also include areas that have
been cultivated by humans, for example for traditional agriculture and settlements.In the
era of development, all kinds of resources want to be used. Therefore, the concept of a
piece of land that cannot be touched is difficult to accept. Pressure is growing for nature
reserves to be included in the development process. To combat this pressure, the concept

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of national gardens is increasingly being used. In principle, a national park is the same as a
nature reserve, but there can be development activities that do not conflict with the
objectives and nature reserves.

Chapter 6 Ecology and Development

Development affects and is influenced by the environment. The interaction between
development and the environment forms an ecological system known as an ecosystem.
Science that studies the interaction between development and the environment. Humans,
both as subjects and objects of development, are part of the ecosystem. This holistic view is
used in development ecology.
Development aims to increase the level of life and welfare of the people. It can also
be said that it aims to increase the quality of life of the people. Since quality of life can be
interpreted as the degree to which basic needs are met, development can be interpreted as
an effort to better fulfill people's basic needs. Basic needs are essential needs for our needs.
It consists of three parts, namely the basic needs for living life, the basic needs for human
survival and the degree of freedom to choose.
Chapter 7 Ecology and Population
Indonesia has a large population, nearly 200 million people. The population is also
increasing rapidly, even though the Family Planning (KB) program has been carried out
intensively. Most of the population is still farmers, agricultural laborers and people whose
income comes from farming. Because of that the need for large land.
The growth in the number of farmers' population, the land area shows a smaller
trend. More and more farmers do not own land. This situation has resulted in increased
population pressure on land. This means that the need for arable land continues to grow.
But the land area is limited, so that the ability of an area to support life, which is called the
carrying capacity of the environment, is also limited. Due to increasing population pressure
on land, sooner or later the carrying capacity of the environment will be exceeded.
With increasing population, land resources other than land are also needed in ever-
increasing numbers. This presents the problem of depletion and depletion of resources.
Another problem due to population growth is environmental pollution. This pollution is
mainly caused by household waste and parallel to the increase in economic activity,
pollution also occurs by industry and transport.

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Chapter 8 Food Ecology
Food is an essential need for humans. Without food, people cannot live. Food is
needed to structure the body, as a source of energy and certain substances to regulate
metabolic processes. But unlike other living things, which need food for biological survival,
for humans food also has value for human life. Food has become an element of culture.
Economy also plays an important role in people's diet. Poor people generally eat
lower amounts of calories and protein than they can afford. With the existence of socio-
cultural and ecological economic factors, food in humans is more complex than in animals.
The science of food ecology in humans has not been developed much.

Chapter 9 Tourism Ecology

Tourism is an industry whose survival is very much determined by the merits of the
environment. He is very sensitive to environmental damage, for example pollution by
domestic waste that smells and looks dirty, accumulated garbage and damage to the
landscape by logging, water weeds in the lake, buildings that are not located and their
architecture is not suitable, and the attitude of the people who are not friendly. Without a
good environment it is impossible for tourism to develop. Because tourism development
must pay attention to the preservation of environmental quality, because in the
environmental tourism industry that is what is actually being sold.
Tourism Development Planning must pay attention to the carrying capacity based
on tourism objectives. In Indonesia, in general, recreational destinations are less well-
meaning. Recreation is still interpreted too much as a game, so that the museum is a place
to perform activities. It is better if the purpose of each tourist spot is identified and an
orderly development is carried out in accordance with that purpose.

Chapter 10 Energy in Development Ecology

Energy Together energy are the two physical elements of everything that exists. All
matter contains energy. Matter or mass, can be turned into energy. Nothing is existence
without matter. For matter to exist in that form, the original matter is randomly dispersed
and the environment is arranged in a molecular and crystal structure or other structured
form within the body of a living or inanimate object.
What is needed in development is energy. Therefore it is clear that in order for
development to be continuously supported, the energy supply must be guaranteed.

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 Development wants to be continuously improved. Increased development must be
accompanied by the use of technology. Since the use of technology requires energy, the
energy supply must be increased in line with increased development. In order for the
increased energy supply to be of any use, the energy consumption capacity must be
increased. Energy consumption can be divided into two major factors, namely energy
consumption for household needs and energy consumption for production or commercial
use. In development, especially in commercial energy consumption that must be
increased.

B. BOOK OF COMPARISON
Chapter 1 Ecology and Environment
Ecology is the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment,
both abiotic and biotic environments. The abiotic environment consists of the atmosphere,
light, water, soil and mineral elements. But it is necessary to know what is meant by
organisms. This is important because in essence organisms are built up of biological
systems that are tiered from the lowest biological molecules to the subcellular organelles,
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations. , community and ecosystem.
The interactions that occur at each level of the biological system with the
environment cannot be ignored, because the results of the previous biological level
interactions will influence the process of the next level of interaction. In the following 12
presented the Biological Spectrum which describes the biotic and abiotic component
models that make up a biosystem. Various studies on interaction.

Chapter 2 Humans, Natural Resources and the Environment

Humans affect their environment, by exploiting their resources and environment to
defend themselves and their kind, on the other hand, humans are also influenced by their
environment. The interaction between humans and the environment is not only determined
by the type and amount of biological and non-living resources, but also by the condition
and nature of the resources. In addition, human behavior and culture also determine the
form and intensity of interactions between humans and their environment.
In ecosystems, humans are one of the other elements, both living and non-living,
that are inseparable. Therefore, human survival also depends on the sustainability of the

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 ecosystem. However, because the ability to think of humans with their behavior exceeds
that of other biota, humans are an important factor. Humans must be able to maintain the
harmony of the reciprocal relationship between humans and their environment so that the
balance of the ecosystem is not disturbed. Humans are expected to be environmental
conservationists.
Humans, like all living things interact with their environment. It affects the environment in
which it lives and conversely it is influenced by the environment of its life. Humans as they
are, that is, their phenotypes are formed by the interaction between the genotype and the
environment. Genotypes are not constant, but are constantly changing due to mutations in
genes in their chromosomes, both spontaneous and environmental mutations. It seems that
modern humans are formed by their environment and modern humans are negligent in
shaping their environment. Humans cannot stand alone outside their environment. Talking
about humans must also talk about their environment. Humans without their environment
are mere abstractions.

Chapter 3 Environmental Issues and Environmentally Sustainable Development

The key factor in technological development has caused various global problems,
including global warming due to the greenhouse effect that arises from the increase in gases
in the atmosphere, especially CO2, NOX and SO2 from combining the use of fossil energy.
Various gases in the atmosphere have the potential to cause acid rain which reduces
the pH of the rainwater from an average of 5.6 (O3) due to the use of chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) which depletes the ozone layer due to the reaction of Cl with O3 to ClO and 02, so
that the ozone layer is unlikely to reduce penetrating ultraviolet B rays which are a problem
of life on Earth, including human health. On the Earth's surface there is also pollution by
toxic and hazardous waste. Various cases of decreased environmental quality, among others,
result in mutations of hidden human genes.

Chapter 4 Environmental Pollution

Air pollution can be interpreted as the presence of foreign materials or substances in
the air which cause changes in the composition (composition) of the air from its normal

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state. The presence of foreign substances or substances in the air in a certain amount and in a
certain time long enough to disturb the life of humans, animals and plants
The living environment with various components in it will experience system
irregularities due to one or more pollutants. Polluted air will have a different composition
than normal air or clean air around us. Each pollutant comes from a specific source. To
avoid or prevent pollution, it is important to know the sources and pollutants. After that, how
to free pollutants from the source to the object receiving the effect or the environment that is
affected by it. For example, humans are the recipients of detergent contaminants that enter
the waters, or fish and aquatic animals that receive the negative effects of insecticide
pollutants.

Chapter 5 Environmental Health

In essence, environmental health is a condition or condition of the optimum
environment so that it has a positive effect on the realization of an optimum health status as
well. According to Entjang (1982); environmental health is the monitoring of physical,
biological, social and economic environments that affect human health, in which the useful
environment is increased and reproduced, while the harmful ones are repaired or
eliminated. Furthermore, according to Ryadi (1984) environmental health is part of the
fundamentals of modern public health which includes all aspects of humans in relation to
the environment, with the aim of increasing and maintaining human health values at the
highest level by modifying not only solely social factors and the physical environment, but
also all the characteristics and behaviors of the environment which can have an influence
on the calm, health and safety of mankind.
Environmental health includes housing, disposal of human waste (feces), provision
of clean water, disposal of garbage, disposal of dirty water (waste water), livestock houses
(pens) and so on. What is meant by environmental health efforts is an effort to improve or
optimize the human environment so that it is a good medium for the realization of optimum
health for the humans who live in it.

Chapter 6 Conservation of Natural Resources

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 The environment as a biosphere determines the existence of living things in it.
Diverse living things, including humans, have different levels of adaptation to
environmental changes, because every living thing has a different level of vulnerability and
ability to respond to changes in its environment. Among other living things, humans are the
fastest to respond to the changes that occur in their environment. Humans know more about
something close to them, including knowledge about the environment. Therefore, in
environmental management, it is necessary to develop local wisdom from the local
population in managing the environment and natural resources (Jacob, 1999).
Based on this understanding, the conservation carried out by local residents of the
environment or natural resources has high hopes for success. In practice, conservation is
mostly associated with efforts to manage natural resources and the environment. In simple
terms, conservation is defined as an effort to use the environment and or natural resources
that is carried out now, but still maintains its existence in the future. Existence in this case
is not only in terms of quality but also quantity. Therefore, conservation will be able to
produce sustainability. The existence of preservation of natural resources and the
environment will guarantee the creation of sustainable use so that sustainable development
can be realized.
Development that has utilized various kinds of resources must be able to increase
welfare. In reality, development often only improves the welfare of certain groups. This is
very contrary to the principle of conservation which is actually done by empowering ethics
and community welfare. In environmental management, conservation can be used as an
approach to handling environmental impacts as a result of a development. In conservation,
technical engineering and social engineering efforts can be used.

Chapter 7 Environmental Impact Analysis

The concept of AMDAL which studies the impact of development on the
environment and environmental impacts on development is also based on the concept of
ecology which is generally defined as the study of the interaction between living things
and their environment. AMDAL is a part of development ecology that studies the
interrelationship or intaktsi between development and the environment.

Impact is a change that occurs as a result of an activity. These activities take the
form of nature, whether chemical, physical or biological. In the context of AMDAL,
impact research is carried out because of plans for human activities in development. The
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impact of development becomes a problem because changes caused by development are
always broader than those that are the target of planned development. Likewise,
transportation development causes the side effect of air pollution by waste gas from
vehicles which can harm health. In general, in the AMDAL, development impacts are
defined as unplanned changes caused by development activities.

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 CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION

3.1 BOOKING ADVANTAGE

A. MAIN BOOK
1. This book is an old published book.
2. This book has a clear and complete identity.
3. This book has language that is easy to understand and interesting.
4. This book discusses the material thoroughly.

B. BOOK OF COMPARISON
1. This book is a book published in the high year.
2. This book has a good identity.
3. This book has an interesting cover
4. This book has pictures and tables in describing the explanations in the book.
5. This book has polite and good language.

3.2 BOOK LACKS

A. MAIN BOOK
1. This book has an ordinary or monotonous cover, so there is no external attraction.
2. This book does not have clear pictures.
3. This book uses colloquial language divided into paragraphs.
4. This book does not have a conclusion at the end of each chapter.

B. BOOK OF COMPARISON
1. This book does not feature the publisher of the book.
2. This book does not have conclusions in each of its chapters.

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 CHAPTER IV
CLOSING
4.1 CONCLUSION
Critical Book Report is one of the mandatory tasks that students do in participating
in the learning in Mata Kulia. This assignment compares two books that have the same
material, but what is criticized is the advantages and disadvantages of the book. However,
this is not the main goal, but to increase students 'enthusiasm for books, and to improve
students' analytical power by mastering the material.
Ecology or the environment is a science that aims to provide understanding to
students in protecting and preserving the existing environment. The environment is the
home for many living things, not only humans but plants and animals. Each of them
needs it as a place to live complete with the necessities of life. However, they do not only
feel the positive impact, but the residents must also be able to preserve and protect the
environment as a place to live for living things in the future.

4.2 SUGGESTIONS
The environment is home to all. Then the environment must be properly
maintained, so that they or living things and humans can feel the environment as a place
to live. By providing sustainability or caring for one another.

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 REFERENCES

Soemartowo Otto. 1926. Environmental Ecology and Development. Mandiriaabadi pledge.

Jakarta

Utina Ramli, Wahyuni Dewi. 2009. Ecology and the Environment. Denpasar.

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