CRITICAL JURNAL REPORT

EARTH AND COSMIC SCIENCE

OLEH :

GROUP 1

NAME : 1. BILDDEN LINGGA (4202421025)

: 2. LEONARDO SIHALOHO (4202421023

SUPPORTING LECTURE : YUL IFDA TANJUNG, S.Pd , M.Pd

PHYSICS EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
SEPTEMBER 2021

FOREWORD

1
 Praise the presence of God Almighty for His blessings and grace so that I can
complete the Critical Journal Review on Physical mathematics course well despite the
many shortcomings in it. And also I would like to thank Ma’am Yul Ifda Tanjung S.Pd,
M.Pd as our lecturer for earth and cosmic science courses who gave this assignment to
us.

We really hope this Critical Journal Review can be useful to increase our insight
and knowledge. We are also fully aware that this Critical Journal Review has flaws and
is far from perfect. Therefore, We expect criticism and suggestions for the improvement
of the Critical Journal Review that We will make in the future, considering that nothing
is perfect without constructive suggestions.

Hopefully this critical journal report can be understood by anyone who reads it.
We hope the report that We make can be useful for ourself and for those who read it.
Previously, we apologize if there are errors or words that are not pleasing and we ask
for constructive criticism and suggestions for the improvement of this Critical Journal
Review in the future.

Medan, September 29, 2021

GROUP 1

Table of Contents
FOREWORD...............................................................................................................................2

2
CHAPTER I.................................................................................................................................4
PREMINILARY..........................................................................................................................4
a. Rationalizing the Importance Of critical Journal Review.................................................4
b. The Purpose of Writing a Critical Journal Review...........................................................4
c. The Benefits of Writing a Critical Journal Review...........................................................4
d. Identity of The Journal will Review.................................................................................5
CHAPTER II................................................................................................................................6
SUMMARY OF THE JOURNAL...............................................................................................6
 Journal I Summary...........................................................................................................6
 Journal II Summary..........................................................................................................7
CHAPTER III............................................................................................................................11
CLOSING..................................................................................................................................11
a. Journal 1 Relationship with Journal 2.............................................................................11
b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Journals Comparison................................................11
c. Conclusion......................................................................................................................12
d. Advice............................................................................................................................12
References.................................................................................................................................13
ATTACHMENT.............................................................................................................................14

CHAPTER I
PREMINILARY

3
a. Rationalizing the Importance Of critical Journal Review

Critical Journal Review is the task of reviewing all components of

research results in a journal by analyzing the main findings, advantages and
disadvantages. The skill of making Critical Journal Review is useful for writers
to test the author's ability to summarize and analyze journals, recognize and rate
and criticize the analyzed journals. Writers can also practice sharpening the
ability to criticize and evaluate the work of others. Often we have trouble finding
journals to read and study. And in this report the author will discuss about Earth
and Cosmic Science Sub material. With this report, it can make it easier for
readers to choose the journal to be read by considering the advantages and
disadvantages of the journal that the author will describe in this report.

b. The Purpose of Writing a Critical Journal Review

The Purpose of writing this CJR are :

1. To fulfill one of the tasks of KKNI in Earth and Cosmic Science courses.
2. To increase knowledge in the journals reviewed.
3. To improve the grammatical skills of the journals discussed.
4. To strengthen critical thinking skills in finding information discussed in
reviewed journals.
5. To find out the advantages and disadvantages of journals.

c. The Benefits of Writing a Critical Journal Review

The benefits of writing this CJR are:

1. Can fulfill one of the KKNI assignments in Earth and Cosmic Science
course.
2. Can add knowledge in reviewed journals.
3. Can improve the grammatical ability of the journal discussed.
4. Can strengthen critical thinking skills in finding information discussed in
reviewed journals.
5. Can find out the advantages and disadvantages of journals

d. Identity of The Journal will Review

 Journal I

4
 Writer Jonas Thene

Publication Year 2013

Journal Name JTP2 IPS

Journal Title Mitigasi Bencana Gempa Bumi Berbasis Kearifan

Lokal Masyarakat Rote Kabupaten Rote Ndao
Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

P-ISSN 2503-1201
E-ISSN 2503-5347

Note: Cover of Journal is in attachment in the end CJR

 Journal II

Writer Arief Mustofa Nur

Publication Year 2010

Journal Name Jurnal Geografi

Journal Title Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Mitigasinya

P-ISSN 2549-3094
E-ISSN 2549-3079

Note: Cover of Journal is in attachment in the end CJR

CHAPTER II
SUMMARY OF THE JOURNAL

 Journal I Summary

Tectonic earthquakes are sudden movements or shaking of the earth due to the
accumulated energy caused by the collision of lithospheric plates, fault shifts from

5
the release of accumulated energy in the earth which are very destructive, for a
certain time originating from a limited area and spreading from one point in all
directions with very little early warning.

According to Boen (2000), one of the theories used to explain how tectonic
earthquakes occur is the Elastic Rebound Theory, presented by Reid. This theory is
formulated as follows. In the earth's crust there is geological activity that results in
the relative movement of one rock mass in the earth's crust to another. The forces
that cause the movement of these rocks are caused by tectonic forces. Rocks are
elastic and can cause strain movements when pressed or pulled beyond their strength,
the rock will crumble in the weakest direction, which is called a fault (fault). The
crushed rock will release some or all of the stress to return to its original stress-free
state. The destruction of the rock in the earth's crust will be accompanied by the
emission of earthquake waves in all directions, even to a great extent depending on
the amount of energy that can be given. Earth's crust is not homogeneous and
consists of various materials and layers, the waves on their way to reach the earth's
surface, namely damped, reflected, refracted at the boundaries of the lithospheric
plate, layers and on the surface. As a result, fast waves become irregular, complex,
and difficult to predict. This depends on the direction of the fault, whether the fault is
normal and the fault is up (dip slip), or the fault is sideways to the right and the fault
is sideways to the left (srike slip).

The potential loss caused by a tectonic earthquake in an area and a certain period
of time which can be in the form of death, injury, illness, threatened life, loss of
sense of security, displacement, damage or loss of property, and disruption of
community activities, is called tectonic earthquake disaster risk. Mitigation of
tectonic earthquakes is a series of efforts to reduce the risk of tectonic earthquakes,
both through physical development and awareness and improvement of the
community's ability to face the threat of tectonic earthquakes. Community
empowerment in earthquake disaster mitigation can be done through local
community wisdom (Angin, 2015).

Mitigation of tectonic earthquakes is a series of efforts to reduce the risk of

tectonic earthquakes, both through physical development and awareness and
improvement of the community's ability to face the threat of tectonic earthquakes.

 Journal II Summary

The Indonesian Archipelago is a special archipelago because it is rich in natural

resources and is often referred to as the "strand of the equatorial emerald".
Astronomically, the Indonesian Archipelago is located in an area with a latitude of
07o North Latitude – 12o South Latitude and a longitude of 95o East Longitude –
141o East Longitude. The advantage of this position is that the Indonesian

6
archipelago has a tropical climate where the rainy season is long enough so that the
soil is fertile. Tropical forests can grow well and store biological and animal wealth.
However, due to human activities that damage ecosystems, especially forests, the
climate of the Indonesian Archipelago has a large enough contribution to the
occurrence of disasters, especially floods and landslides. Geographically, the
position of the Indonesian Archipelago is also strategic, which is located between 2
continents, namely the continent of Asia and the continent of Australia and 2
oceans, namely the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

Geologically, the Indonesian Archipelago is on the path of the earth's plate

subduction, such as the subduction of the Indo-Australian Ocean Plate with the
Eurasian Continental Plate which extends from the west coast of Sumatra to the
south coast of Java and continues east to Nusa Tenggara. The existence of this
subduction process in the Indonesian Archipelago contains a series of volcanoes,
especially from Sumatra, Java to Nusa Tenggara. The presence of a row of
volcanoes provides the advantage that the surrounding land will become fertile and
productive. However, there is also an active volcano, the danger of volcanic
eruptions must also be watched out for. In addition, the danger of cold lava floods,
especially during the rainy season, should not be forgotten. The path of subduction
of the earth's plate in the Indonesian Archipelago is the path that causes tectonic
earthquakes which are regional in nature and generally the damage caused is very
severe. The earthquake path is geologically adjacent to the earthquake path. Part of
the path of the earthquake is at sea, so it has the potential to cause a tsunami
disaster.

EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

An earthquake is the original vibration from within the earth, originating

in the earth which then propagates to the earth's surface due to the earth's
fractures breaking and shifting violently. The causes of earthquakes can be in the
form of dynamics of the earth (tectonic), volcanic activity, due to falling
meteors, avalanches (under sea level), nuclear bomb explosions below the
surface. Tectonic earthquakes are the most common earthquakes that occur are
vibrations resulting from rock breaking events due to the slow collision of the
two plates whose accumulation of impact energy exceeds the strength of the
rock, then the rock is below the surface.

Tsunami, this word comes from Japan, tsu means harbor, nami means
wave. Tsunamis are used for tidal waves entering the harbor. On the high seas,
for example, there is a tidal wave of 8 m but once it enters the port area, the
height of the tidal wave is narrowed to 30 m. Tsunamis usually occur when an
earthquake is on the seabed with a fairly large vertical movement. Tsunamis can
also occur if there is a volcanic eruption at sea or an avalanche occurs at sea.

7
 Some things that need to be considered in an earthquake and tsunami disaster
are as follows:

 Small earthquakes are not always a precursor to a major earthquake.

 The largest earthquake occurred in Chile on May 22, 1960 with a magnitude
of 9.5 on the Richter scale. Seismic waves shake the whole earth for days,
this phenomenon is called earth free oscillation.
 In 1855, the fault was first recognized as a source of earthquakes.
 The earthquake hypocenter is the location below the earth's surface where
the fault begins to crack.
 The epicenter of an earthquake is the location directly above the hypocenter
on the Earth's surface.
 It is estimated that every year 500,000 earthquakes are detected in the world.
As many as 100,000 of them can be felt, and 100 of them cause damage.
 Earthquake intensity is measured based on the vibrations generated by the
earthquake.

The figure varies in each location affected by the earthquake.

 No earthquake due to weather.

 Most earthquakes occur at a depth of less than 80 km below the Earth's
surface.
 The earliest fully recorded earthquake was the earthquake in Shandong,
China in 1831 BC. Sophisticated records begin in 780 BC during the reign of
the Zhou Dynasty in China.
 In 1760 English engineer John Michell noted that earthquakes were caused
by shifting rock masses beneath the surface.
 Most earthquake waves have a frequency of less than 20 Hz. So the
rumbling sound that humans hear is the sound of objects being shaken.

Earthquakes have unique characteristics, namely:

 Cannot be prevented.
 The events were very sudden and shocking.
 The time of occurrence, the location of its center and its strength cannot be
predicted (estimated) precisely or accurately by anyone, including
earthquake experts.

The impact caused by the earthquake and tsunami disaster is strongly influenced
by several things, namely:

 The magnitude of the earthquake strength.

8
  Distance from the epicenter to disaster-prone areas.
 Hypocenter depth.
 Location of the hypocenter on land or at sea.
 Population density.
 Quality and Quantity of buildings.
 Community readiness (all system components) to implement disaster
mitigation.

EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MITIGATION

Mitigation or efforts to minimize the risks arising from the earthquake and
tsunami disaster include several things, namely predicting earthquakes, actions
before the incident, actions during the incident and actions after the incident.

Predicting Earthquakes

Earthquake disaster is a disaster that cannot be prevented, occurs suddenly and is

surprising and cannot be accurately estimated at the location of its center, time
of occurrence and its strength precisely and accurately, but earthquakes can be
predicted in the range of times that allow them to occur. There are 2 (two)
methods of earthquake prediction, namely:

1. Short-range prediction (short time prediction).

This prediction takes a relatively short time and includes:

 Predicting the time period between fore shock and main shock or major
shock or major earthquake.
 From the historical experience of earthquakes in Japan, America, China and
Russia this time varies, some are 24 hours, some are more than 1 month.
 In fact many do not succeed.

2. Long-range prediction (long-range prediction)

This prediction takes a relatively long time and includes:

 Studying the interval of major earthquake disasters in the past (cycle).

 It turns out that this cycle is not exactly the same as the Independence Day of
the Republic of Indonesia or the birthday of someone whose time is clear.

From the historical experience of earthquakes, for the same hypocenter,

aftershocks are always smaller in strength than the main earthquake. If there is a
big earthquake, the hypocenter must be somewhere else.

Before the incident

9
 Before the occurrence of an earthquake, it is necessary to prepare and know
about disasters. This is intended to foster understanding and preparedness in
dealing with disasters so that it is hoped that losses and victims will be reduced

When it happened

When an earthquake occurs, it is necessary to take steps to save oneself. This is

very important in order to reduce casualties due to disasters.

While on the way

Stay calm and don't panic. Panic sometimes actually makes us hurt because we
are hasty and reckless in acting.

After the incident

After the disaster occurred, the refugees have been evacuated to a safe place, the
steps taken include checking our family members and relatives, preparing public
kitchens (especially for women), preparing emergency tents or other shelters
(especially for men). ), Immediately contact and visit the Rock Command Post
to get nutritious food, blankets and medicines and Immediately contact and visit
the health post to check themselves to avoid common post-disaster diseases such
as diarrhea, respiratory infections

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

a. Journal 1 Relationship with Journal 2

Journal 1 and journal 2 both discuss the meaning of earthquakes, earthquake

handling, earthquake mitigation. In this discussion, of course, there are
advantages and disadvantages of the journal, which we have attached to the
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Journal.

10
b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Journals Comparison
INDICATORS JOURNAL 1 JOURNAL 2
Contents Journal 1 has interesting Journal 2 also has an
content to discuss, but interesting discussion
according author and similar to journal 1,
opinion that to explore journal 2 is not
the material for students recommended to be used
of university this journal as a reference material
is not suitable as a about earthquakes for
reference. In terms of students at universities.
the contents of journal In terms of content
1, it has a few regarding earthquake
shortcomings when management, Journal 2
compared to journal 2 has more value than
where the discussion on journal 1
earthquake handling in
journal 2 is explained
more fully
Writing/layout In general, the writing in The writing and layout
journal 1 and the writing of journal 2 is good
layout is good. But there according to our group.
are still words where the And as far as we have
writing is wrong read there is no wrong
writing in the journal
Language The language used is a The language used is a
language that is quite language that is quite
easy to understand, but easy to understand, but
still uses Indonesian still uses Indonesian
Update In terms of publication Journal 2 has been
updates, Journal 1 has published longer than
advantages over journal journal 1 but in terms of
2, but in terms of journal content, journal 2
content, it does not updates are still the
show more updates same as journal 1
Journal charisma In the journal 1 color at The initial appearance of
the beginning it attracts journal 2 is less
attention but on the next attractive, but on the
page it already contains next page there are
very monotonous text pictures that make
which makes us less journal 2 have more
interested in reading it interest than journal 1

c. Conclusion

Both journals are recommended to be read to increase knowledge about

earthquakes. However, for the interior of the material regarding the earthquake, we

11
 have not provided the two journals as a reference. In general, journal 2 has many
advantages over journal 1, so we recommend journal 2 more

d. Advice

We advise students who want to gain insight into earthquake research to read
these two journals. However, if you are looking for a journal that is deep in material,
we do not recommend both journals.

References
Nur, A. M. (2010, January). Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Mitigasinya. Jurnal Geografi, 66-73.

Thene, J. (2016, October). Mitigasi Bencana Gempa Bumi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat
Rote KabupatenRote Ndao Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. JTP2 IPS, I, 102-106.

12
ATTACHMENT

13
14
15