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OpenWHO: MOOC_COVID-19_IPC_Module2

COVID- 19 IPC Module2:

Presenter: ALICE SIMNICEANU

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[Slide #1] Hello, welcome to Module 2.

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[Slide #2] This module describes the COVID-19 virus or SARS-CoV-2, the modes of transmission and case
definition. Let's begin!

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[Slide #3] So what is a coronavirus? Coronaviruses are large family of viruses that cause a wide range of
illness from the common cold to more severe diseases as we've seen in the Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome or MERS and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS. A novel coronavirus or nCoV is a new
strain that has not been previously identified and has reached humans. SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the
coronavirus strain responsible for causing COVID-19 disease.

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[Slide #4] What we currently know about COVID-19 is that the incubation period ranges from 1 to 14 days
with a median of about 5 to 6 days. These estimates will be refined as more data becomes available. More
information is also needed to determine to what extent transmission can occur from asymptomatic
individuals, those who have never developed symptoms or through pre-symptomatic individuals, those who
are still in the incubation period before they fully develop symptoms. Currently, there is no preventive vaccine
although one is hopefully due to arrive in the next year.

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[Slide #5] Thus far, we know that the primary modes of transmission of COVID-19 are either through
respiratory droplets which can be generated when an infected person speaks, coughs or sneezes. Any
person who is in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms is at risk of having his or her
mouth or nose or eyes exposed to potentially infective respiratory droplets. Or through contact which can be
either direct contact with infected people or indirect contact with surfaces or objects in the immediate
environment. Droplets from the mouth may land on surfaces and the virus could remain viable for hours or
days.

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[Slide #6] The airborne route of transmission is due to small droplet nuclei aerosol particles that are mainly
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OpenWHO: MOOC_COVID-19_IPC_Module2

limited to circumstances and healthcare settings in which aerosol generating procedures are performed,
such as tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, tracheotomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manual
ventilation before intubation or bronchoscopy. Some studies have shown the detection of COVID-19 19 RNA
in air samples, however, there are some considerations in these studies. The detection of COVID-19 RNA
was in extremely low concentrations well below what could be the infectious inoculum. And the detection of
RNA in these samples was also based on PCR based assays and it's not indicative of viable virus replication
and infection competent virus that could be transmissible and capable of sufficient inoculum to initiate
invasive infection.

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[Slide #7] The clinical management guidance has been updated as of the 27th of May and includes an
updated case definition based on case severity. Please refer to this document for more details as it is being
updated frequently. It also includes some of the most common symptoms that have been reported such as
fever, cough, fatigue, anorexia, shortness of breath, myalgia, and other nonspecific symptoms such as sore
throat, nasal congestion, headache, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.

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[Title slide]
So, this is the end of Module 2. Thank you for listening. You can now continue to Module 3 where we will be
describing the recommended IPC measures when dealing with a suspect or confirmed COVID-19 case.

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OpenWHO: MOOC_COVID-19_IPC_Module2