Brick Masonry

Brick Masonry
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Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Brick Masonry – Technical terms
Brick Masonry
Bricks are laid in mortar in a proper systematic manner, they form a
homogeneous mass, which can withstand forces without disintegration. This
mass of the structure, so made by the use of bricks is called "Brick Masonry" or
simply "Brick work".
1. Brick
An artificial structural element in the form of a rectangular block of clay is

called a “Brick ". Bricks can be manufactured of any required shape and
size.


2. Frog
The depression provided in the face of a brick is called a "Frog“. It gives

bonding for brick courses
3. Positions of Bricks
 The position of brick, when laid with its Frog upward in the horizontal plane,
is termed as "Brick on bed".
 The position of the brick when laid on its side "9 in x 3 in", with frog in the
vertical plane is called "Brick on edge".
 The position of brick when laid on its side "4 1/2 in x 3 in", with frog in the
vertical plane is called " Brick on end".
4. Course
Each horizontal layer of bricks laid in mortar in a brick work is called a "course".
5. Stretcher
Brick, laid with its length horizontal and parallel with the face of the wall is
called a "Stretcher" and a course, in which, all the bricks are laid as Stretchers
is called a “Stretching course" or "Stretcher course".

6. Header
A brick laid, so that only its end shows on the face of a wall is called a "Header"
and a course, in which all the bricks are laid as headers, is known as "Heading
Course" or "Header course".
7. Quoin brick
The brick, which forms the external corner of a wall is known as " Quoin brick".

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8. Bond
Bond is the arrangement of bricks or stones in each course, so as to ensure

the greatest possible interlocking and to avoid the continuity of vertical joints in
two successive courses, both on the face and in the body of a wall.
Objectives of Bonds
The primary objective of providing a bond is to break the continuity of the
vertical joints in the successive courses both in the length and thickness of
masonry structure. As a result, the structure will act as a bounded mass and its
load will be transmitted uniformly to the foundations.

9. Types of Bonds
1. English Bond 2. Flemish bond
English Bond
The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses, is
called "English bond".
Flemish Bond
The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in the same
course, is called "Flemish bond".

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ENGLISH BOND PLAN & SECTION
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FLEMISH BOND PLAN & SECTION
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Brick Masonry
BRICK WORK
The Brick work shall consist of the specified class.
Mortar
Brick work shall be done with the specified mortar viz. cement, lime- cement,
mixed in the specified proportions. Only freshly prepared shall be used. And
this should be as per IS 2250- 1965.

Brick Masonry
Laying of Bricks
All bricks shall be thoroughly soaked in clean water for at least 4 hours in tank
of sufficient size immediately before use. Soakage of bricks shall not be done
mud mortar masonry.
The soaked bricks shall be stacked on wooden planks to avoid earth being
smeared on them. The best shaped and most uniform colour planks shall be
picked out and used for face work.

Brick Masonry
Laying of Bricks
The brick work shall be in prescribed bond and shall follow the type bond
junctions, unless specified otherwise. Half bricks or brick shall not be used
except where necessary to complete the bond. Closers in such cases shall
be cut to the required size and used near the end of the wall only.

Brick Masonry
Laying of Bricks
The walls shall be taken up truly plump. All courses shall be laid truly
horizontal and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical. Vertical joints in
alternate courses shall come directly over one another. The bricks shall be
thoroughly bedded and flushed with mortar on all faces except those
exposed.
Bricks shall be laid with frogs upwards and set home by gentle tapping with
handle of the trowel or wooded hammer.
Brick Masonry
Laying of Bricks
No portion of the work shall be left more than 1 meter lower than the other.
Where the masonry of one part has to be delayed the work shall be raked
back according to bind (and not toothed) at an angle not exceeding 40°.
All iron fixtures, pipes outlets of water etc, shall be built in cement mortar in
their correct position as far as possible as the work proceeds.

Brick Masonry
Joints
Thickness of joints shall not exceed 6mm in first class brick work and
10mm in second brick work. In case of first class brick work, the
thickness of four courses with four horizontal mortar joints shall be
kept as 30 cms.
Where plastering or pointing is not required to be done, the joints

shall be struck flush and finished at the time of laying.

Brick Masonry
Curing
Green work shall be protected from the effects of sun, rain etc
by suitable covering. All masonry work except masonry in mud
mortar shall be kept constantly moist on all the faces for a period
of at least seven days.

Brick Masonry – Lab tests
Field tests
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔ⅇ ⅈ𝑛 𝑤𝑡.
% age water absorption = X 100
𝑂𝑟ⅈ𝑔ⅈ𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑡.
Water absorption should not be greater than 16 to 24% based on the

brick classification
16% for I class bricks

22% for II class bricks
24% for III class bricks 21

Lab tests
• Water Absorption test
• Compression test
Brick Masonry • Determination of efflorescence
– Lab tests • Determination of warpage
Minimum compressive strength

of brick should be 3.5N/mm² or
35 Kg/cm².
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Sampling
Fifty pieces shall be taken from a lot of 50,000 or part thereof.
The sampling shall be done at random during loading or
unloading of the bricks or from different parts of the stack.
Reference for testing

Indian Standard IS:3495 (Parts 1 to 4). Methods of tests of burnt
clay building bricks.
Water Absorption
After drying a specimen brick in a well ventilated oven at 105°C to 115°C

the brick should be cooled to room temperature and then immersed in
clean water for 24 hours.
Average water absorption should not be more than 20% by weight for
bricks of class 35 to 125 Kg/sq.cm. Compressive strength.

Brick Masonry – Lab Tests
Compressive Strength
Bricks are required to be immersed in water for 24 hours. The specimen
should be removed and the surplus water should be drained out at room
temperature. After this, the frog in the brick should be filled with cement
mortar 1:3 and brick stored in damp jute for 24 hours followed by
immersion in water for 3 days. Thereafter, the specimen brick should be
wiped and subjected to compressive strength in flat position at uniform rate
of 140 kg/ Sqcm per minute till failure occurs.

Efflorescence
This is a test for deposit of salts on bricks. A shallow flat bottom dish over
150mm in diameter and 30mm in depth containing sufficient distilled water
capable enough to complete saturate the specimen is used.
The end of the bricks are placed in the dish, such that the depth of
immersion in water is 25mm. The entire arrangement is placed in a warm
well ventilated room until all the water is absorbed by the specimens and
the surplus water evaporates.
Again water is added and the bricks are observed for efflorescence after
second evaporation and observation are noted as ʽnilʼ, ʽslightʼ, ʽmoderateʼ,
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ʽheavyʼ or ʽseriousʼ.
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Brick Masonry

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Brick Masonry

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Brick Masonry

1 Water & Effluent Treatment IC

An artificial structural element in the form of a rectangular block of clay is

2 Water & Effluent Treatment IC

3 Water & Effluent Treatment IC

The depression provided in the face of a brick is called a "Frog“. It gives

5 Water & Effluent Treatment IC

6 Water & Effluent Treatment IC

Bond is the arrangement of bricks or stones in each course, so as to ensure

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1. English Bond 2. Flemish bond

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Where plastering or pointing is not required to be done, the joints

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Water absorption should not be greater than 16 to 24% based on the

16% for I class bricks

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Minimum compressive strength

Reference for testing

After drying a specimen brick in a well ventilated oven at 105°C to 115°C

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