Tangible Heritages of China

Tangible (Immovable)

Bridges

1.) Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge

The Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge is a 164.8-kilometre-long viaduct on the Beijing–Shanghai High-

Speed Railway. It is the longest bridge in the world.

2.) Xihoumen Bridge

The Xihoumen Bridge is a suspension bridge on the Zhoushan Archipelago, the largest offshore
island group in China.

3.) Sutong Bridge

The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge that spans the Yangtze River in China
between Nantong and Changshu, a satellite city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu province.

4.) Sidu River Bridge

The Sidu River Bridge (Siduhe Bridge, 四渡河特大桥) is a 1,222 m-long (4,009 ft) suspension bridge
crossing the valley of the Sidu River near Yesanguan in Badong County of the Hubei Province of the
People's Republic of China. The bridge was designed by CCSHCC Second Highway Consultants
Company, Limited. and built at a cost of 720 million yuan (approximately US$100 million). It opened
to traffic on November 15, 2009.

5.) Chaotianmen Bridge

The Chaotianmen Bridge, is a road-rail bridge over the Yangtze River in the city of Chongqing, China.
The bridge, which opened on 29 April 2009, is the world's longest through arch bridge.

Buildings

1.) National Center for the Performing Arts

The National Centre for the Performing Arts, and colloquially described as The Giant Egg, is an arts
center containing an opera house in Beijing, People's Republic of China. Designed by French
architect Paul Andreu, the NCPA is the largest theatre complex in Asia.

2.) The Palace Museum

The Palace Museum is a national museum housed in the Forbidden City at the core of Beijing. It was
established in 1925 after the last Emperor of China was evicted from his palace, and opened its
doors to the public. Constructed from 1406 to 1420, the museum consists of 980 buildings and
covers 72 hectares.
3.) Mukden Palace

The Mukden Palace, or Shenyang Imperial Palace, was the former imperial palace of the early
Manchu-led Qing dynasty. It was built in 1625, and the first three Qing emperors lived there from
1625 to 1644.

4.) Potala Palace

The Potala Palace is a dzong fortress in the city of Lhasa, in Tibet. It was the winter palace of the
Dalai Lamas from 1649 to 1959, has been a museum since then, and has been a World Heritage Site
since 1994. The palace is named after Mount Potalaka, the mythical abode of the bodhisattva
Avalokiteśvara.

5.) Shanghai Tower

Shanghai Tower is a 128-story, 632-meter-tall megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai. It is

the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record of having
the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m.

Mosques

1.) Niujie Mosque

The Niujie Mosque is the oldest mosque in Beijing, China. It was first built in 996 during the Liao
Dynasty and was reconstructed as well as enlarged under the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

2.) Qingjing Mosque

The Qingjing Mosque, also known as the Ashab Mosque, is a mosque located in the city of
Quanzhou, Fujian, China. It is found on Tumen Street.

3.) Dunhuang Mosque

The Dunhuang Mosque was first built in Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and was rebuilt in the 6th year
(1917) of the Public of China. The major architecture are the main hall and two side halls. The main
hall is located in the west and opposite to the east. The south side hall and the north side hall are
closed to the main hall, which connect in a whole. Both profiles of the front aisle are marked with a
large relief floral pattern. In the back of the main hall, there are a two-floor moon building, a
baptism room and the living room for imams.

4.) Huasi Mosque

The Huasi Mosque is a mosque in China built during the reign of the Chenghua Emperor in the Ming
dynasty. Buddhist temples and imperial palaces were the architecture on which the construction for
the mosque was based.
5.) Huaisheng Mosque

The Huaisheng Mosque Chinese: 广州怀圣寺 also known as the Lighthouse Mosque and the Great
Mosque of Canton, is the main mosque of Guangzhou. Rebuilt many times over its history, it is
traditionally thought to have been originally built over 1,300 years ago, which would make it one of
the oldest mosques in the world.

Train Stations

1.) Xi'an North Railway Station

Xi'an North railway station is a railway station on the Zhengxi Passenger Railway, Xibao Passenger
Railway and Daxi Passenger Railway. The station is located in Weiyang District of Xi'an, the capital of
Shaanxi province. It is some 10 km north of the city centre and the Xi'an railway station.

2.) Zhengzhou East Railway Station

The Zhengzhoudong railway station is a railway station for high-speed trains in Zhengzhou, Henan,
China. It is located approximately 3 km southeast of the Zhengdong New Area CBD.

3.) Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station

Shanghai Hongqiao (simplified Chinese: 上 海 虹 桥 站 ; traditional Chinese: 上 海 虹 橋 站 ; pinyin:

Shànghǎi Hóngqiáo Zhàn; Shanghainese: Zånhae œnjiohzaen) is one of the four major railway
stations in Shanghai, China, the others being Shanghai railway station, Shanghai South railway
station and Shanghai West railway station. With a total area of 1.3 million square meters, it is the
largest railway station in Asia.

4.) Kunming South Railway Station

Kunming South railway station is the main high-speed rail station of the Kunming metropolitan area.
It is the western terminus of the Nanning–Kunming High-Speed Railway and the Shanghai–Kunming
High-Speed Railway. The station put into operation in December 2016 after five years of
construction.

5.) Guangzhou South Railway Station

Guangzhounan railway station is located in Shibi, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province,
China. It is a large modern rail terminal 17 kilometres south of central Guangzhou. For a brief time it
was Asia's largest railway station when it officially started operation in early 2010.

Lighthouses

1.) Baishamen Lighthouse

Baishamen Lighthouse, located on Haidian Island, Haikou, in the province of Hainan, China, is the
sixth tallest lighthouse in the world, and the second tallest in China. Rising from a three-storey
hexagonal base, the structure is 236 feet tall.
2.) Bo'ao Lighthouse

Bo'ao Lighthouse is situated on the north side of the entrance to the harbor at Bo'ao, Hainan, China.
The tower is white in colour, round, with four ribs. It has a minimum diameter of six metres, a
maximum of 38.5 metres, and is made of reinforced concrete.

3.) Mulantou Lighthouse

Mulantou Lighthouse, also known as the Hainan Head Light, located in the province of Hainan,
China, is the fifth-tallest lighthouse in the world, and the tallest in China. Built in 1995, this active
lighthouse has a focal plane of 289 feet. It emits two white flashes every 15 seconds.

Monuments

1.) The Terracotta Army

The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang,
the first Emperor of China. It is a form of funerary art buried with the emperor in 210–209 BCE with
the purpose of protecting the emperor in his afterlife.

2.) The Summer Palace

The Summer Palace (simplified Chinese: 颐和园; traditional Chinese: 頤和園; pinyin: Yíhéyuán) is a
vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in Beijing. It was an imperial garden in the Qing
dynasty. Mainly dominated by Longevity Hill (万寿山; 萬壽山; Wànshòu Shān) and Kunming Lake, it
covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometres (1.1 sq mi), three-quarters of which is water.

3.) The Longmen Grottoes

The Longmen Grottoes or Longmen Caves are some of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist art.
Housing tens of thousands of statues of Shakyamuni Buddha and his disciples, they are located 12
kilometres south of present-day Luoyang in Henan province, China.

4.) Dunhuang Cresent Moon Spring

Known admiringly as ‘First Spring in the Desert’, Crescent Spring in Dunhuang is situated at the foot
of Mingsha Mountain (part of, named after, and typical of the surrounding Singing Sand Dunes).
Seen from afar, Crescent Spring resembles a crescent moon, hence its name. A legend goes that the
Seven Star Grasses, with specialized properties for curing difficult and complicated diseases, grow at
Crescent Spring, and those who eat them will live forever, therefore, the Crescent Spring is also
called ‘Medicinal Spring’.

5.) Kaifeng

Kaifeng is a city in central China’s Henan province, just south of the Yellow River. Rebuilt many
times, the city was the Northern Song Dynasty capital from the 10th to 12th centuries. Dating to
that period is the Iron Pagoda, a 55m-tall octagonal structure built in 1049. The city’s Qing-era
Daxiangguo Temple is noted for a 7m-high bodhisattva statue with approximately 1,000 hands.
Schools

1.) Tsinghua University

Tsinghua University is a major research university in Beijing, and a member of the C9 League of
Chinese universities. Since its establishment in 1911, it has produced many notable leaders in
science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture.

2.) Peking University

Peking University, is a major research university in Beijing, China, and a member of the elite C9
League of Chinese universities. Peking University was established as the Imperial University of
Peking in 1898 when it received its first royal charter by the Guangxu Emperor.

3.) Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Shanghai Jiao Tong University is a major research university in Shanghai. Established on April 8,
1896, as Nanyang Public School by an imperial edict issued by the Guangxu Emperor, it is one of
China's oldest universities.

4.) University of Science and Technology of China

The University of Science and Technology of China is a national research university in Hefei, Anhui,
China, under the direct leadership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is a member of the C9
League, China's equivalent of the Ivy League.

5.) Zhejiang University

Zhejiang University, also colloquially referred to as Zheda, is an elite C9 League university located in
Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province. Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University is one of China's
oldest, most selective, and most prestigious institutions of higher education.

Tangible (Movable)

Paintings

1.) One Hundred Horses

Following the taste and tradition of painting in China, Castiglione was able to forge a new style that
combined elements with his Western training in art. His paintings were done with Chinese materials
but often incorporate Western techniques of shading and atmospheric perspective. In this long
handscroll painting, for example, a hundred horses are shown in a variety of activities. Using
perspective to suggest depth and shading for the effect of light, Castiglione has used Chinese
materials and Western techniques to impart a sense of realism to this native theme. In addition to
the shadows, Castiglione has adapted the traditional texture stroke methods of Chinese painting to
give the objects even more substance. The emphasis on washes of color, however, still reveals the
focus on native techniques. This painting, done in 1728, represents an early masterpiece in
Castiglione’s syncretic style of East and West.
2.) Spring Morning in the Han Palace

“Spring Morning in the Han Palace” depicts a variety of activities on a spring morning in the imperial
palace of Han Dynasty (202 BC – AD 220). There are altogether 115 figures, including court ladies,
maids, eunuchs, painters and children.

3.) Dwelling in the Funchun Mountains

Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains (Chinese: 富 春 山 居 圖 ) is one of the few surviving works by
Chinese painter Huang Gongwang (1269–1354) and is considered to be among his greatest works.
Painted between 1348 and 1350, the painting was burnt into two pieces in 1650. Today, one piece is
kept in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum in Hangzhou, while the other piece is kept in the National
Palace Museum in Taipei. Put together, the entire painting would measure 691.3 cm in length.

4.) A thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains

Wang's only surviving work is a 11.9-meter (39 ft)-long scroll titled A Thousand Li of Rivers and
Mountains (千里江山圖). The painting, finished by Wang when he was only 18 in 1113, was one of
the largest in Chinese history, and has been described as one of the greatest works of Chinese art.
The painting is in the permanent collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. "Chinese landscape
paintings are “read,” meaning they are viewed, from right to left". But recently scholars state that
this painting should be viewed as the whole panorama. Perhaps, he used the technique of "Chinese
occlusion" and the use of green and blue colors of Tang for creating of huge landscapes. The large
piece of silk painting should be laid on the old, time-worn wall. Looking through it at dawn or in the
evening an artist could see landscapes that later he would depict in his own painting.

5.) Hain Xizia Gives A Night Banquet

"Han Xizai Gives A Night Banquet" is a scroll drawn by Gu Hongzhong, a painter in the Five Dynasties
and Ten Kingdoms period (907-960). It is now housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The main
character Han Xizai in the painting was a high official in Southern Tang, but later attracted suspicion
from the Emperor Li Yu. To protect himself, Han pretended to withdraw from politics and become
addicted to a befuddled life full of entertainment. Li sent Gu from the Imperial Academy to record
Han's private life, leading Gu to produce this famous artwork. This painting, depicting scenes of
Han's banquet, narrates through five distinct sections: Han Xizai listens to the pipa (a Chinese
instrument) with his guests; Han beats a drum for the dancers; Han takes a rest during the break;
Han listens to the wind music; and the guests talk with the singers. There are more than 40
characters in the paintings, all of the lifelike figures with different expressions and postures. The
painting was Gu's most well-known work, as well as one of the most outstanding artworks from the
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.