Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BatStateU-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

MIDTERM EXAMS | PHYSICS II

Del Rosario, Franchezka Kylie L. | FE – 2101

Essay:

1. Suppose your roommate is “Mr. Clean” and tidies up your messy room after a big party.
Because your roommate is creating more order, does this represent a violation of the
second law of thermodynamics? Explain.

This does not violate the second law of thermodynamics but rather demonstrates a
lower-level state of disorder also known as entropy. Entropy is the known measure of
disorderness within an event or system. In this situation, the “messy room” resembles a
high level of entropy because items such as couches, beer pongs, and food are discarded
randomly across the system (room itself). When the room is tidied up and has more
order, the entropy or randomness decreases ( low entropy) but does not disappear
because it needs to represent the state of the room it is in and therefore, does not violate
the second law of thermodynamics.

2. Containers A and B, both at 25oC each, contain Helium of the same quantity. If the
volume of container A is thrice than the volume of B, compare the pressure of the two
containers.

Since both containers have the constant temperature of 25degrees Celsius, the
relationship between the two bottles can be explained by the Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT).
Based on this formula, we can see that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume
and directly proportional to the moles. Since bottle A was given thrice the volume of B
(i.e. 90m/s), the pressure of container A would only be 1/3 of its original volume.

As an example, we let the Volume A = 90 and Volume B = 30, finding their

corresponding pressures with the formula of PV = nRT ( n= 1mol, R = 8.314, T=
298.15K), Pressure A would be 27.5 or 28 atm and Pressure B would be 82.6 or 83
atm. Dividing the pressure of Container B with the original volume by 1/3, we come out
with exactly 27.5 or 28 atm, which proves the relationship of pressure being inversely
proportional to the volume.

3. Supposed you have a standard ice cream freezer placed inside one of your unused room.
To study the laws of thermodynamics, you perform a simple experiment in which you
would let the freezer’s compartment exposed to its surrounding before leaving and
shutting the room completely. What would happen to the temperature inside the room
a. After 30 minutes (2pts)
b. After a very long time. (5pts)
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

a. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed
but can be transferred from one object to another through heat or work. No change in
temperature does not necessarily state no transfer of energy is occurring. For situation
A supposedly, the room temperature would be at 20 C while the standard ice cream
freezer is at 0 C. The temperature inside this room would decrease as the heat of
the room which is warmer would be transferred to the colder temperature of the
freezer. It is always from warm to cold due to the concept of irreversibility by the 2 nd
law of thermodynamics.

b. However, when the room is left closed for a very long time and depending on the
ratio of the size of the freezer to the room, the temperature would most likely
decrease but at a more subdued and constant rate because the freezer despite it
being cold, would produce more energy and thus more heat in order to produce a
cooler temperature. This exchange of energy and change in temperature can be found
within most refrigerators and coolers. That is why walk-in freezers have a
proportionally sized cooler to maintain the coldness of a room.

4. Without measuring the actual dimensions of a solid object whose density = 0.99g/ml,
provide a simple procedure to measure its volume. (4pts)

The volume of a solid object can be measured through the Archimedes Principle or its
displacement. By allotting a certain volume of water inside a container and then taking
note of its original volume, follow this by submerging the solid object into the container.
Take note of the change in volume by the increase of the height in water, and then
subtract it from the original and there you can find the volume of the solid object. In
example, a graduated cylinder is filled up to 50 mL, and then when a wooden cube is
submerged, it rises to 50.5 mL, Subtract 50 mL to 50.5ml, and the volume of the block
would come out as 0.5 mL.

5. Can a material achieve an average coefficient of linear expansion less than zero? If so,
what happens if the temperature increment of that material is greater than zero? Please
explain (4pts)

A material can plausibly achieve an average coefficient of linear expansion less than
zero dependent on its chemical composition and dimension. This would make the
material have a thin,brittle, and even compact characteristic that when exposed to higher
temperature it may likely expand at a faster rate to the point wherein it would break. One
realistic example of this would be worn-out cooking pans or cheap plastic wear.
Tupperwares which are old and brittle are no longer recommended to be used in
microwaves because of its low coefficient of linear expansion, it would most likely come
out as deformed or even be set in flames.

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

6. A hoop (r = 0.025 m) is situated in a circular pole (r = 0.02525 m) at 293.15K. If the

hoop made up of aluminum is subjected to heat, what temperature in degrees C is needed
so that it will just slip over the brass pole? (3 pts)

Answer: T = 726.48 degrees C

7. A 1x10-4 moles of an unknown ideal gas at 0.021 ft3 and 32o F expands to double its
volume. If the gas expands reversibly, what is the work done in joules? (3pts)
What will be the difference in magnitude between the work done via reversible expansion
with that of the expansion against an external pressure of 91.19kPa. Report your answer
in Joules (4pts)

Answer: A = W = 2.46 Joules, B = W = 61.26 Joules

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

8. Twenty grams of ice at 23o F is being heated until its turns to steam at 1400C. Calculate
the total heat required in Joules. (3 pts)
Answer: Qtotal = 62045 Joules

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

If the same amount of ice at the same temperature is dropped in a well-insulated cylinder
containing 200g of water at 194o F, what will be the final temperature in oC at
equilibrium? (5pts) Answer: Tf = 15.60Celsius , S = 214.87 J/K

Calculate the entropy change of the system as a whole in J/K (4pts)

9. 190ml of diet cola (density = 0.970g/ml) is mixed with an equal volume of regular soda
(density = 1.010 g/ml) and the resulting mixture is filled and sealed inside an aluminum
can with negligible mass and volume. If you placed this filled can in a pool of water (d =
1g/ml), would the can float or sink? Support your answer with simple calculations. (3 pts)

The object will sink because the density of the combined mixture in the can is greater
than the density of the water in the pool. According to the Archimedes Principle, the
buoyancy of an object is always equal to the weight of the fluid. In this case the
Aluminum can is 0.98g/ml more than the density of the water which is only 1g/ml.

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

If you change the volume ratio in such a way that 70% of the can’s volume is made up of
regular soda, would the can float or sink? (2pts)

The can will float if its made up of 70% regular soda , as it density becomes only
0.998 g/ml. It will be less than the density of water causing it to float.

10. Supposed you are in an flight from Manila to Singapore and your boarding plane is
currently travelling at
a height of 6.21 miles. The pressure outside the craft is 29.08kPa while the passenger
cabin is just atmospheric. Unfortunately, during your travel, a small leak occurs in one of
the airplane’s window. Using Bernoulli’s principle, find the speed of the air stream
flowing inside the cabin through the leak in m/s. (5pts)

Answer: S = 8.54m/s

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
BatStateU-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

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