Rizal’s Novels: A Comparison

Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo

Title “Touch Me Not” – John Chapter 13: “The Subversive”
17-20 “The Reign of Greed’
Motivation Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Ferdinand Blumentritt
Stowe
The Wandering Jew – Eugene Sue
Spoliarium – Juan Luna
Dedication Fatherland GomBurZa
Timeline Madrid, Spain Calamba, Laguna
Paris, France London, England
Berlin, Germany Paris, France
Madrid, Spain
Brussels, Belgium
Biarittz, France
Publishing Company Berliner Bruckdrukrei Action F. Meyer Van-Loo Press
Gesselshaft
Savior Maximo Viola Valentin Ventura
Theme Romantic Political
Chapters 64 38

Rizal in Dapitan

Jose Rizal Arrested

▪ Don Juan – ship that brought Rizal in the Philippines from Hong Kong.
▪ July 6, 1892 – Rizal went to Malacañang to have an audience with the governor-general.
▪ Governor-General Eulogio Despujol – showed Rizal leaflets of the Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) which were allegedly found in
Lucia’s pillowcase.
▪ Poor Friars
▪ A satire against the rich Dominican friars who amassed fabulous riches contrary to the monastic vow of poverty.
▪ Was said to be written by a certain Fr. Jacinto
▪ Ramon Despujol – nephew of the governor-general placed Rizal under arrest and escorted him to Fort Santiago
▪ Gaceta de Manila - Published on July 7, that Rizal was arrested
▪ This caused indignant commotion among the Filipinos, particularly the members of the newly found, La Liga Filipina.
▪ Dapitan – found in Zamboanga del Norte
▪ Cebu – a steamer which brought Rizal to Dapitan
▪ Father Pablo Pastells - Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines
▪ Wrote a letter which was brought by Rizal on his way to Dapitan, stating that the latter may be allowed to stay at the
parish convent if:
▪ Rizal would retract his errors concerning religion, and he would make statements that were pro-Spanish
and against the revolution
▪ He would perform Church rites and make a general Confession about his past.
▪ He would live in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion.
▪ Father Antonio Obach - Parish priest of Dapitan
▪ Received the letter from Pastells
▪ Rizal disagreed with the conditions
▪ Ricardo Carnicero - A commandant who became close to Rizal and to where the latter chose to stay
▪ A Don Ricardo Carnicero – a poem written by Rizal in honor of the commandant’s birthday.
▪ Rizal won the lottery - Butuan – a mailboat that brought the news that Rizal won the lottery
▪ P1,000 – was borrowed by Rizal to his family
▪ Lottery no. 9736 – won second place amounting to P20,000 in the government owned, Manila Lottery.
▪ The following shared the amount:
▪ Jose Rizal
▪ Ricardo Carnicero
▪ Francisco Esquilior – a Spanish resident of Dipolog, a neighboring town of Dapitan.
▪ P6,200 – Rizal’s share
▪ P2,000 – was given to Don Francisco
▪ P200 – Jose Ma. Basa, Rizal’s friend in Hong Kong
▪ P4,000 – purchased an agricultural land called Talisay, one kilometer away from Dapitan.
▪ More than 50 lanzones trees
▪ 50 jackfruit trees
▪ 50 santol trees
▪ 20 mango trees
▪ 20 macopa trees
▪ 18 mango steens
▪ 1, 400 coffee
▪ 200 cocoa seedlings
▪ P40 – was used to build a little house
▪ Pastells and Rizal
▪ Despite their religious differences, they remained good friends.
▪ Imitation of Christ – a famous Catholic book by Fr. Thomas a Kemphis
▪ Was given by Pastells to Rizal
▪ Bust of St. Paul – made by Rizal whom he gave to Pastells in return.
▪ A duel in Dapitan
▪ Fr. Juan Lardet – a French acquaintance and businessman in Dapitan.
▪ Purchased logs from the lands of Rizal, unfortunately, some were of poor quality.
▪ Wrote a letter of disgust to:
▪ Antonio Miranda – a merchant in Dapitan who was a good friend of Rizal.
 ▪ Send the letter to Rizal who confronted Lardet and challenged him in a duel.
▪ Ricardo Carnicero – told the Frenchman to apologize to Rizal
▪ Told that Rizal was an expert in martial arts, fencing and most of all in pistol shooting.
▪ Father Pastells – instructed the following to bring back Rizal within the Catholic fold:
▪ Father Antonio Obach – parish priest of Dapitan
▪ Father Jose Vilaclara – parish priest of Dipolog
▪ Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo.
▪ Was told to go to Dapitan
▪ Stayed for eight months
▪ Was the only Spanish priest to defend Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere in public
▪ Failed to persuade Rizal to discard his unorthodox views on the Catholic religion
▪ Assisted Rizal in beautifying the town plaza
▪ Rizal gave him a gift -
▪ Studies on the Tagalog Language – a grammar book which Rizal wrote and which he dedicated to
his favorite teacher.
▪ To avoid Jose Rizal’s loneliness in Dapitan, his family take turns in visiting him
▪ First batch
▪ Doña Teodora
▪ Narcisa
▪ Trinidad
▪ Maria
▪ Nephews
▪ Teodosio
▪ Estanislao
▪ Mauricio
▪ Prudencio
▪ A Spy in Dapitan
▪ Pablo Mercado – assumed name of the spy
▪ Told the people of Dapitan that he was a relative of Jose
▪ Secretly visited Rizal in his house at night of November 3, 1893
▪ Brought with him a picture of Rizal
▪ Offered his services as a confidential courier of Rizal’s letters and writings for the patriots in Manila.
▪ Florencio Namanan – true name
▪ Was used by the Recollect Friars
▪ Juan Sitges - Succeeded Ricardo Carnicero
▪ Rizal called his attention regarding the spy so he immediately ordered the arrest of the impostor
▪ Right away released the spy and quashed the investigation.

Rizal’s Contribution in Dapitan

1. Water system - Perito Agrimensor (expert surveyor) – a degree taken up by Rizal in Ateneo, simultaneously while he was
studying in UST.
● Engineering – was mastered by Rizal in reading books so as to support his degree in surveying.
● A system of water works – one of the legacies of Rizal in Dapitan.
● He created it so as to furnish clear water to the townspeople.
● H.F. Cameron – an American engineer, praised Rizal for he was able to build such system having inadequate tools
and meager materials. As well as, limited finances.
2. Lighting System - Malaria – a main disease killing most of the inhabitants of Dapitan.
● Rizal cleared the marshes to get rid of it.
● P500 – amount paid by his rich English patient.
● Used to provide the town with a lighting system.
● Consists of a coconut oil lamps placed in the dark streets of Dapitan.
3. Remodeling of the town plaza – was done with the help of Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
4. Maestro Jose Rizal –
● Hong Kong – where Rizal planned to establish a modern college for Filipino boys.
● His being exiled in Dapitan, paved the way for his dream of putting up a school for boys.
● 1893 – when Rizal establish his first school, which lasted until the end of his exile in 1896.
● 3 boys – where the first students of Rizal, it reached up to 21.
● The students were free from tuition fees.
● But as a payment for his service, Rizal let them work in his garden, fields and community works.
● Subjects taught by Rizal:
o Reading
o Writing
o Language – Spanish and English
o Geography
o History
o Mathematics – Geometry and Arithmetic
o Industrial works
o Morals
o Gymnastics
● Hymn to Talisay - A poem written by Rizal in honor of the lovely place where he lived.
o This was sang by his students
5. The Scientist
● In Dapitan, Rizal saw a variety of species.
● Barato (sail boat) – brought by Rizal, which he used to visit jungles and coasts.
● Dresden Museum – home of the specimens discovered by Rizal in Dapitan.
● Concology – study of shells
o Rizal acquired 346 shells representing 203 species.
● Draco rizali – flying dragon
● Apogonia rizali – a small beetle
● Rhacophorus rizali – a rare frog
6. The Businessman
 ● Ramon Carreon – Rizal’s business partner in copra and hemp industries, as well as fishing.
● Saturnina – was told by Rizal to engage in jewelry and textile business for Dapitan, has lots of it.

Rizal and Josephine Bracken

• An Irish girl
• 18 years of age
• Born in Hong Kong
• James Bracken – father
• Elizabeth Jane McBride – mother, who died due to child birth
• George Taufer – adopted her, but later became blind.
• Manuela Orlac – a woman believed to be a hooker, accompanied them
• Julio Llorente – a friend and schoolmate of Rizal who wrote a card of introduction, which was presented by Josephine.
• Father Antonio Obach – priest of Dapitan, refused to marry them without the permission of the Bishop of Cebu.
• George Taufer – heard of the marriage and acted violently.
• He tried to commit suicide
• Josephine went with him in Manila, but did not joined him in going back to Hong Kong.
• Francisco – son of Rizal who died three hours after birth.

The Katipunan and Rizal

• Dr. Pio Valenzuela – best friend of Bonifacio
– Studied Medicine in UST
– Was sent to convince Rizal to join the Katipunan.
• Boarded the steamer Venus
• Raymundo Mata – a blind man, who came with Valenzuela, was used so as not to create doubts with the Spanish authorities.
• Katipunan – wanted to rescue Rizal from being exiled.
– Rizal disapproved the plan for he has given a word of honor to the Spanish authorities and he did not want to break
it.

Rizal as a Doctor in Cuba

• Cuba – during Rizal’s exile was in the throes of a revolution and a raging yellow fever epidemic
– Has a shortage of physicians to minister the needs of the Spanish troops and the Cubans.
• July 31, 1896 – ended the four year exile of Rizal in Dapitan.
• España – steamer that embarked Rizal
• Together with him were:
– Josephine
– Narcisa
– Angelica – Narcisa’s daughter
– Nephews of Rizal
– 6 students

Rizal’s Life After Dapitan

• August 6 – at dawn the España entered Manila Bay.
– Rizal was not allowed to depart immediately for Spain, because the Isla de Luzon which was supposed to board left
the day before they arrived in Manila.
• August 6 – September 2
– For 27 days, Rizal was kept under arrest aboard the cruiser Castilla, anchored off Cañacao, Cavite
– August 12 – He sent a letter to his sister Narcisa, asking her to let Josephine send him pants, vests, collars and
cuffs through a certain Prudencio Bulag.
– August 19 – He advised his parents and sisters how they could visit him on board the Castilla, and likewise
requested Narcisa to buy fruits for the officers of the cruiser, who treated him well.
– August 25 – In a letter, he thanked his sister Narcisa for the hospitality she had shown by letting Josephine stay in
her house.
– August 30 – Governor Ramon Blanco sent Rizal a letter recommending him to the Minister of War, saying that
Rizal’s conduct in Dapitan was exemplary and that he had no connection at all with the Philippine Revolution.
– September 2 – Rizal was transferred to the boat Isla de Panay and was given the best cabin. He wrote a letter to his
mother informing her of his good condition.