CHEM 120.

1 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)

LABORATORY REPORT

Name: MARIE JOYCE C. DOLOJOL Offering No.: R134

Lab Schedule: TUESDAY (8:00 AM TO 11:00 AM) Date Submitted: 11/09/2021

Exercise No. 6
Volatility: Distillation and Determination of Boiling Point

I. OBJECTIVES: In these experiments, compare the volatility of each substance and determine factors affecting a
substance's volatility. Additionally, learn how to separate a mixture of substances using distillation while also determining
the boiling point of the substances.

II. RESULTS AND INFERENCE

Results Inference
In this experiment, the substances
A. Comparison of Volatility by Rate of Evaporation volatilized for varied amounts of time.
Molecules in each substance are held
Compounds tested Time Exposed Time completely Minutes
together by intermolecular forces, which
Evaporated Elapsed
mediate interactions between molecules
and explain why each substance has a
1. Acetone 00:00:00:00 00:00:44:05 44 seconds
different volatility. Similarly, different types
of intermolecular interactions hold the
2. Methanol 00:00:00:00 00:01:07:17 1 minute and 7 sec
substances together. As shown in results
section, H2O or water volatilized for the
3. Ethylacetate 00:00:00:00 00:00:50:48 50 seconds
longest time. This indicates that it is held
together by strong intermolecular forces of
4. 1-butanol 00:00:00:00 00:01:07:17 1 minute and 7sec
attraction. Acetone, on the other hand,
volatilized for the shortest period,
5. Water 00:00:00:00 01:14:24:23 1 hour and 14 min
signifying that the molecules are held
together by weak intermolecular forces of
attraction. Following acetone, Ethyl
acetate has the shortest time to volatilize
as well, while methanol and butanol have
the same time at at least a minute. Hence,
the higher rate of evaporation, the mower
the volatility of the substance. Moreover,
identifying what intermolecular forces are
holding the molecules down is one
technique to determine why these
substances have diverse volatilization.
Water and butanol are bound together by
hydrogen binding forces, which are the
second strongest intermolecular forces
after the ion-dipole interaction. Meanwhile,
methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate are
bound together mostly by dipole-dipole
interactions, which are weaker than
hydrogen bonds. Knowing the
 intermolecular forces that bind these
substances can help you understand what
time it took for them to volatilize.
Distillation is the process of vaporizing a
B. Distillation of Water and Boiling Point Determination liquid and then cooling the vapor to
convert it to a liquid state. Relative to the
Vol. Distillate T(°)
first part of the experimentation, the
Tap Water 1 drop 99°C substance used in distillation is tap water
which had the longest time to volatilize.
3 mL 99°C
And because of this, the longest time to
6 mL 99°C volatilize, the higher the boiling point.
Further, because the item only contains
9 mL 99°C
one volatile component, the vapor will
12 mL 99°C consist of that component alone, and its
temperature will be close to its boiling
15 mL 99°C
point (water boils at 100 °C). Hence, the
temperature remained constant during the
distillation. Furthermore, the boiling point
Description
of a substance is altered by atmospheric
pressure, which varies with altitude.
Residue After
Distillation

Distillate There was no visible reaction in the distillate. The color remained clear
and transparent.