Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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FRESH CONCRETE OPERATIONS
Batching
Mixing
Transporting/Handling
Placing
Compacting
Curing
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Batching
Two methods:
Batching by weight
Batching by volume
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Batching (by volume)
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Mixing
Objectives:
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Manual Mixing
Mixing by Hand
Spread aggregate out on a hard, clean, and non-
porous base
Cement is spread over the aggregate
Dry materials are mixed by turning over three times
with a shovel until the mix looks uniform
Water is gradually added
Mix is turned over until the mix appears uniform
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Machine Mixing
Tilting Drum Mixer
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Machine Mixing
Non-Tilting Drum Mixer (Reversing drum)
Susceptible to segregation
Essential to check the mix at the start and towards
the end
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Machine Mixing
Pan-Type Mixer
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Machine Mixing
Terminologies:
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Machine Mixing
Mixing Time
Dependent on:
Size and type of mixer
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Mixing Time
The exact value of mixing time is a function of size of mixture.
A minimum mixing time of 1 minute for mixer size of ¾ cu.m
and 15 additional seconds for each addition ¾ cu.m. yard
giving satisfactory uniformity of mixing.
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Mixing
Intermittent Mixing
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Transporting
Dump trucks
for short distances
Agitator trucks
Water is added at central plant and mixing
occurs during transportation
Transit mixers
Water is added while being transported
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Handling
Buckets Portalifts
Wheelbarrow Pumping
Belt conveyors
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Handling
Pumpcrete
Types of pumps:
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Handling
Pumpcrete
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Handling
Pumpcrete
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Placing
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Compacting and Vibrating
Purpose of vibrating:
By Hand
Internal Vibrators
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Vibrating
Internal Vibrators
External Vibrators
For precast or thin in-situ sections
Rigidly clamped onto the formwork resting
in an elastic support so both form and
concrete are vibrated
3,000 to 6,000 cycles per minute
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External Vibrators
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Vibrating
Vibrating Tables
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Vibrating Tables
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Vibrating
Revibration
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Curing
Consists of:
Control of temperature
Moisture movement to and from the
concrete
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Curing
Purpose:
Enhance hydration
Prevent further evaporation of water
Replace any amount of water that already
evaporated
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Curing
Methods:
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Ready-Mixed Concrete
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Ready-Mixed Concrete
Types:
Central-mixed
Batched and mixed
at central plant
Transit-mixed
Batched at central
plant and mixed in
mixer trucks
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Ready-Mixed Concrete
Advantages:
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Ready-Mixed Concrete
Advantages:
Convenience when small quantities of
concrete or intermittent mixing is required
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Ready-Mixed Concrete
Disadvantages:
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