OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

SHORT COURSE
For
Papua New Guinea Non-Formal Sector

CROCHET TH013i
Learning to crochet
RATIONALE

This short course was developed as a resource material for the trainer in the
non-formal sector especially for the women and youth. The course developed
is demand oriented and aims to provide opportunities for the participants to
acquire relevant knowledge and skills in crocheting and to be able to increase
p o box 1097, waigani to a level where low-income earners can be able to make at home or for sale.
national capital district
papua new guinea.

tel: (675) 323 2633 The development of this short course was sponsored by the ADB-PNG
fax: (675) 323 0944 EMPLOYMENT ORIENTED SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (EOSDP) and
produced by curriculum officers at the SKILLS TRAINING RESOURCES UNIT
(STRU)
NOT FOR SALE
 Learning to crochet

TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS PAGES

Course Outline 2

Competency Profile 3
• Basic crochet stitches

Curriculum Guide 4

Overview of learning outcomes 5–8

• Definition
• Equipment and materials
• Holding the hook and yarn
• Chain stitch
• Slip stitch
• Double crochet
• Half treble
• Treble
• Double treble
• Triple treble

Instructional notes 8 – 13
• Information on crochet
• Instructional notes on basic crochet stitches

Attachments 13 – 18
• Longer basic stitches
• Stitch variation

Abbreviations used in crocheting 19

• Abbreviation and meaning
• Words and meaning

Acknowledgment 20

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 Learning to crochet

COURSE OUTLINE: Learning to crochet

Program: TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
Course: CROCHET
Module code: TH013i
Module name: Learning to crochet

Module1:
Learning to crochet

Module 2:
Standard body
measurements/sizes

Module 3:
Child’s crochet poncho

Module 4:
Lady’s crochet poncho

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COMPETENCY PROFILE: Learning to crochet

Duty Task

A. Basic A1. Describe A2. Identify A3. Holding A4. Make chain
crochet what is equipment the hook stitch
stitches crocheting and materials and yarn

A5. Make slip A6. Make A7. Make half A8. Make
stitch double treble treble stitch
crochet

A9. Make A10. Make

double triple
treble treble

B. Standard B1. Explain standard B2. Identify and B3. Identify Body
body body measure body measurements for
measurements
measurements parts baby
/sizes

B4. Identify Body B5. Measure Body B6. Measure Body

measurements for measurements for measurements for
child woman man

C. Child’s C1. Identify size of C2. Identify crochet C3. Make the poncho
crochet pattern materials
poncho

D. Lady’s D1. Identify size of D2. Identify crochet D3. Crochet the
crochet pattern materials poncho
poncho

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CURRICULUM GUIDE
Program: TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
Course: CROCHET
Module code: TH013i
Module name: Learning to Crochet
Nominal duration: Approximately 5 hours to complete the module.
Module Purpose: By successfully completion of the module the participants will be able
to identify and demonstrate basic crocheting skills.
Prerequisites: There are no pre-requisite to this module.
Content: A1. What is crocheting
A2. Equipments and materials
A3. Holding the hook
A4. Chain stitch
A5. Slip stitch
A6. Double crochet
A7. Half treble
A8. Treble
A9. Double treble
A10. Triple treble
Suggested delivery method: The short course will be delivered in a practical, hands-on manner.
1. Explanation (what we will do) 5%
2. Demonstration (how we will do it) 15%
3. Implementation (now you do it) 70%
4. Evaluation (how good did we do it) 10%
Instructor: The trainer preferred will be a recognised trainer from the community
or a trained vocational teacher who has the skill in crocheting.
Evaluation: The participant will be evaluated from each completion of tasks of
basic crocheting stitches.
Reference: Ting, Susie (ed.). 1982. The complete book of handcrafts. Ure Smith
Press, Willoughby.
Wiyawa, Saisiyato. 1997. Crochet - The training Module. PNG-GTZ.

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Overview of Learning Outcomes APPENDIX 2: Training and Assessment Guide

On successfully completion of the module each Task A2.1: Identify equipment and materials.
participants will be able to:
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
A1. Define the meaning of crocheting
A2. Identify equipment and materials in crocheting Learning outcome A2.1:
A3. Demonstrate holding the hook and the yarn • Identify equipment and materials
A4. Demonstrate making the chain stitch Teaching strategy:
A5. Demonstrate making the slip stitch Learning activities for the trainee must include
A6. Demonstrate making the Double crochet stitch the instructor to;
A7. Demonstrate making the half treble stich 2.1 Identify and explain the size of hook to use.
A8. Demonstrate making the treble 2.2 Explain and describe the type of wool to use.
A9. Demonstrate making the double treble 2.3 Identify other necessary items.
A10. Demonstrate making the triple treble Assessment condition:
In a classroom situation or a training hall where
all participants are provided with a;
APPENDIX 1: Training and Assessment Guide • hook
• yarn (wool)
Task A1.1: Define crochet.
• tape measure (optional)
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
• scissors
Learning outcome A1.1: Assessment criteria:
• Define crochet The trainee has;
Teaching strategy: 2.1.1 Outlined the sizes of the hook:
Learning activities for the trainee must include • size 12 (2.50 mm) or
the instructor to; • size 9 (3.50 mm).
1.1 Define the meaning of crochet. 2.2.2 Selected the type of wool for use:
Assessment condition: • standard size wool (bilum wool).
In a classroom situation or a training hall where 2.3.3 Listed other items to use:
all participants are provided with a; • scissors,
• wool • tape measure.
• tape measure (optional)
Assessment method:
• hooks
• Short answer question
• training notes

Assessment criteria:
The trainee has; APPENDIX 3: Training and Assessment Guide
1.1.1 Explained in his/ her own words the
definition of crochet. Task A3.1: Holding the hook and the yarn.
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
Assessment method:
• Oral testing Learning outcome A3.1:
• Demonstrate holding the hook and the yarn

Teaching strategy:
Learning activities for the trainee must include
the instructor to;
3.1 Explain and demonstrate holding the hook.
3.2 Explain and demonstrate holding the yarn.
3.3 Explain and demonstrate holding the hook
and the yarn.

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 Learning to crochet

Assessment condition: APPENDIX 5: Training and Assessment Guide

In a classroom situation or a training hall where
all participants are provided with a; Task A5.1: Slip stitch.
• hook Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
• yarn (wool)
Learning outcome A5.1:
• tape measure (optional) • Make slip stitch
• scissors
Teaching strategy:
Assessment criteria: Learning activities for the trainee must include
The trainee has; the instructor to;
3.1.1 Demonstrated holding the hook. 5.1 Identify and explain the steps in making the
3.2.2 Demonstrated holding. slip stitch.
3.3.3 Demonstrated holding the hook and the yarn. 5.2 Explain and demonstrate making the slip
stitch.
Assessment method:
• Observation Assessment condition:
• Practical demostration In a classroom situation or a training hall where
all participants are provided with a;
• hook
• wool
APPENDIX 4: Training and Assessment Guide
Assessment criteria:
Task A4.1: Chain stitch. The trainee has;
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes 5.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the slip stitch.
5.2.2 Practiced making the slip stitch.
Learning outcome A4.1:
• Make the chain stitch Assessment method:
• Checklist
Teaching strategy:
Learning activities for the trainee must include • Observation
the instructor to; • Practical demostration
4.1 Identify and explain steps in making chain
stitch.
4.2 Demonstrate steps in making the chain stitch. APPENDIX 6: Training and Assessment Guide
Assessment condition:
Task A6.1: Double crochet.
In a classroom situation or a training hall where
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
all participants are provided with a;
• hook Learning outcome A6.1:
• wool • Make the double crochet stitch
• tape measure (optional)
Teaching strategy:
Assessment criteria: Learning activities for the trainee must include
The trainee has: the instructor to;
4.1.1 Outlined steps in making the chain stitch. 6.1 Identify and explain steps in making double
4.2.2 Practiced making the chain stitches. crochet stitch.
6.2 Demonstrate step in making the double
Assessment method: crochet stitch.
• Checklist
• Observation Assessment condition:
In a classroom situation or a training hall where
• Practical demostration all participants are provided with a;
• hook
• wool

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Assessment criteria: Teaching strategy:

The trainee has; Learning activities for the trainee must include
6.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the double the instructor to;
crochet stitch. 8.1 Identify and explain steps in making the
6.2.2 Crocheted the double crochet stitch. treble stitch.
8.2. Demonstrate step in making the treble stitch.
Assessment method:
• Checklist Assessment condition:
• Observation In a classroom situation or a training hall where
all participants are provided with a;
• Practical demostration
• hook
• wool

APPENDIX 7: Training and Assessment Guide Assessment criteria:

The trainee has;
Task A7.1: Half treble stitch.
8.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the treble stitch.
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
8.2.2 Crocheted the treble stitch.
Learning outcome A7.1: Assessment method:
• Make the half treble stitch • Checklist
Teaching strategy: • Observation
Learning activities for the trainee must include • Practical demostration
the instructor to;
7.1 Identify and explain steps in making half
treble stitch.
APPENDIX 9: Training and Assessment Guide
7.2 Demonstrate step in making the half treble
stitch. Task A9.1: Double treble stitch.
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
Assessment condition:
In a classroom situation or a training hall where
Learning outcome A9.1:
all participants are provided with a;
• Make the double treble stitch
• hook
• wool Teaching strategy:
Learning activities for the trainee must include
Assessment criteria: the instructor to;
The trainee has; 9.1 Identify and explain steps in making the
7.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the half treble double treble stitch.
stitch. 9.2 Demonstrate step in making the double treble
7.2.2 Crocheted the half treble stitch. stitch.

Assessment method: Assessment condition:

• Checklist In a classroom situation or a training hall where
• Observation all participants are provided with a;
• Practical demostration • hook
• wool

Assessment criteria:
APPENDIX 8: Training and Assessment Guide The trainee has;
9.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the double
Task A8.1: Treble stitch.
treble stitch.
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes
9.2.2 Crocheted the double crochet stitch.
Learning outcome A8.1: Assessment method:
• Make the treble stitch • Checklist
• Observation
• Practical demostration

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APPENDIX 10: Training and Assessment Guide A2: Items required in crochet
Task A10.1: Make a triple treble stitch.
Suggested minimum instructional time: 30 minutes The only tool required is a crochet hook and the
only basic material is some thread and yarn.
Learning outcome A10.1: However, several other items will be useful:
• Make the double treble stitch • Tape measure
• A clean bag to keep your work in.
Teaching strategy:
Learning activities for the trainee must include • Pencil and paper to keep a note of increase
the nstructor to; and decrease
10.1 Identify and explain steps in making the • Scissors
triple treble stitch. CROCHET HOOKS SIZES
10.2 Demonstrate step in making the triple treble
stitch. Millimetres Range U.S. Size Range
2.25mm B-1
Assessment condition:
In a classroom situation or a training hall where 2.75mm C-2
all participants are provided with a; 3.25mm D-3
• hook 3.5mm E-4
• wool 3.75mm F-5

Assessment criteria: 4mm G-6

The trainee has; 4.5mm 7
10.1.1 Outlined the steps in making the triple 5mm H-8
treble stitch.
5.5mm I-9
10.2.2 Crochet the triple crochet stitch.
6.5mm I-10
Assessment method: 8mm L-11
• Checklist
9mm M/N-13
• Observation
• Practical demostration 10mm N/P-15
15mm Q
19mm S
APPENDIX 11: Instructional Notes

A1: What is the meaning of Crochet?

Crochet (meaning “hook” in French) is a series of

interlocking loops of thread onto a chain using a
slender rod with a hook at the end. A single chain
of loops is created, with each new loop catching
the thread or yarn and pulling it through the
previous loop. After the chain has been
completed to the desired length, the thread or
yarn is then turned starting a second chain (or the
start of a row). Various stitches and patterns can
be created. Some of the more common stitches A3: Holding the hook and yarn.
known are: Chain, Single Crochet, Half-Double
Crochet, Double Crochet, Popcorn Crochet, and Everyone has their own personal way of holding
Cluster Crochet. the hook and controlling the yarn in crochet.
Right handers hold the hook in their right hand,
usually a as though it were a pencil: or b in a
firmer, overhand grip.

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THE BASE CHAIN

a Almost all crochet starts with a base (or foundation)
chain. This is the equivalent of casting on in
knitting.
The base chain is a series of chain stitches, which
normally begin with a loop secured by a slip knot.

SLIP KNOT
a. Make a loop; hook another loop through it.
b. Tighten gently and slide the knot up to the hook.

a
b

c. The left hand holds the work and at the same

time controls the yarn supply. If you prefer, the
left hand index finger can be used to manipulate b
the yarn, while the middle finger hols onto the
work.

A4: Chain stitch (ch).

a. Wrap the yarn over the hook in an anticlockwise

d. To maintain the slight tension in the yarn
necessary for easy, even working, it can help to
arrange the yarn around the fingers of the left
hand in this way.
d
direction (or hold the yarn a till and manoeuvre
the hook);
b. draw the yarn through to form a new loop
without the tightening up the previous one.
a

Hints for left handers: Prop the book up next to a

mirror, so you can see the illustrations in ‘mirror
image’, while still being able to read the text from
the original page.

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A5: Slip stitch (sl, st).

b
a. Insert the hook into the work as indicated, wrap
the yarn over the hook, draw the yarn through
the work and the loop on the hook in one
movement – that is one slip stitch completed;
repeat this last step b.

To make a length of base chain, make as many as

required.

Hint: Keep shifting your left hand position up

close to the hook every couple of stitches or so;
this is easy, if you use a right hand finger tip to
hold down the loop on the hook, while you do so.
To count chain correctly as you make them, do b
not count the initial slip loop as a chain. To count
them afterwards, first make sure that they are not
twisted and that you are looking at the ‘front’ c;
then countback, but ignore the loop still on the
hook.

Front

A6: Double crochet (dc).

a. Insert the hook into the work, wrap the yarn

over the hook and draw the yarn through the
work only, b. wrap the yarn again and draw the
yarn through both loops on the hook c. 1 dc
made.

Back

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A8: Treble (tr).

c
a. Wrap the yarn over the hook and insert the
hook into the work; b. wrap the yarn over the
hook, draw through the work only and warp the
yarn again; c. draw through the first 2 loops only
and wrap the yarn again; d draw through the last
2 loops on the hook.

A7: Half treble (htr). a

a .Wrap the yarn over the hook and insert the

hook into the work; b. wrap the yarn over the
hook, draw through the work only and wrap the
yarn again; c. draw through all 3 loops on the
hook.

b c

c d

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A9: Double treble (dtr).

e
a .Warp the yarn over the hook twice and insert
the hook into the work, b. warp the yarn over the
hook, draw through the work only and wrap the
yarn again; c. draw through the first 2 loops only
and wrap the yarn again; d. draw through the
next 2 loops only and warp the yarn again; e.
draw through the last 2 loops on the hook.

a A10: Triple treble (ttr).

a. Wrap the yarn over hook 3 times and insert the

hook into the work; b. wrap the yarn over the
hook, draw through the work only and wrap the
yarn again; c. and d. draw through the first 2
loops only and wrap the yarn again; repeat this
last step twice; e. draw through the last 2 loops
on the hook.

a
b

b
c

c
d

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For increasing
d In a fabric made of solid, basic stitches, such as b.
double crochet, or c. treble, working 2 or more
stitches into one stitch at the ends of the row is
usually the best way of ‘increasing’ smoothly
(making the fabric wider by adding stitches on).

ATTACHMENTS
THE LONGER BASIC STITCHES
Longer basic stitches - usually called:
• Quadruple Treble (quad tr),
• Quintuple Treble (quin tr),
• Sextuple Treble (sex tr), -
are made by wrapping the yarn 4,5,6 or more
CLUSTERS
times over the hook at the beginning and by
wrapping and drawing through 2 loops more For decoration
times to complete the stitch. A ‘cluster’ – 2 or more stitches joined together at
the top – may consist of more than one kind of
STITCH VARIATIONS basic or special stitch. Any combination of
GROUPS stitches may be joined into a cluster by leaving
the last loop of each temporarily on the hook
For decoration until they are all worked off together at the end.
A ‘group’ – several complete stitches worked into
the same place – may consist of more than one For decreasing
kind of stitch. a. A group of 5 treble stitches is Clusters of double crochet and treble stitches in
sometimes called a ‘shell’. simple arrangements, as shown here a. and b. are
used for ‘decreasing’ (making the fabric narrower
by reducing the number of stitches) as well as for
a pattern interest.

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To work 3 double crochet stitches together

b Work as above until there are 3 loops on the
hook; a. insert the hook into a third stitch, wrap
the yarn and draw through a loop, (4 loops on the
hook); b. wrap the yarn and draw through all the
loops on the hook to complete.

To work 2 double crochet stitches together

a. Insert the into the next stitch (or as required),
wrap the yarn round the hook, draw a loop
through; b. repeat this step into the next stitch, (3
loops on the hook); c. wrap the yarn and draw
through all the loops on the hook to complete.

a
b

b
To work 2 or 3 treble stitches together
a. Wrap the yarn round the hook, insert the hook
into the next stitch (or as required), wrap the
yarn, draw a loop through, wrap the yarn and
draw through 2 of the loops on the hook (2 loops
left on the hook); b. repeat this step into the next
stitch, (3 loops on the hook); c. to work 3 treble
stitches tog repeat it once more into the next
stitch, (4 loops on the hook); d. wrap the yarn and
draw through all the loops on the hook to
complete.
c
a

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UNDER ONE LOOP

b Inserting the hook under one top loop only (either
the back loop, or the front loop), leaves the other
loop exposed as horizontal bar. Depending upon
which stitches are picked out in this way,
horizontal ridges or ‘woven’ effects can be
created. The fabric also tends to become more
elastic.
Under back loop

Under front loop

RAISED (RELIEF) STITCHES

Inserting the hook round the whole stem of a
stitch creates raised or relief affects.
BETWEEN STITCHES
To work a ‘raised’ treble at the front of the fabric
Inserting the hook between the stitches and
a. Wrap the yarn round the hook, insert the hook
beneath the bundle of threads which joins them
from in front and from right to left round the
at the top opens up a solid fabric.
stem of the appropriate stitch; b., c. and complete
the stitch normally a.

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b f

c
WORKING INTO CHAIN SPACES
When working a single stitch, or group, into a
chain spaces, or chain loop, it is normal to a
insert the hook into the spaces beneath the chain
arch; this is quick and easy. It is important to
notice, however, if the pattern instructions
stipulate working into a particular chain, as you
would, for instance, when working into the base
chain b, since the technique may well change the
result significantly.

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POPCORN
A popcorn is a group of complete stitches,
usually worked into the same place, folded and
closed at the top. The number and type of
stitches include varies.
To make a popcorn with 4 treble stitches
a. Work 4 treble stitches into one stitch normally;
b. take the hook out of the working loop, insert it
under the top 2 loops of the first treble in the
group just made, c. pick up the working loop
again and draw this through to close the group
together and project it towards you.
Note: on a ‘wrong side’ row insert the hook from
behind and close the group so that it projects
towards the right side of the fabric.
a a
b
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BOBBLE
A bobble is a cluster of stitches (usually 3 to 5)
joined together at the top and also worked into
the same place, Bobbles are thrown into relief
most effectively when the stitches before and
after them are shorter and they are worked on
‘worked side’ rows.
To make a bobble of 3 treble stitches
a. Work trebles, always inserting the hook into the
same stitch and leaving the last loop of each on
the hook as when working three treble stitches
together; wrap the yarn over the hook and draw
through all the loops on the hook to complete.
b. It often helps, particularly with the bulkier
bobbles clusters, to work an extra chain stitch to
close them firmly.
b
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 Learning to crochet

CRAB STITCH, CORDED OR REVERSE0

DOUBLE STITCH c
Crab stitch (or Reversed Double Crochet) is used
as a decorative texture or edging. It consists of
working double crochet stitches in the ‘wrong’
direction that is from left to right for right
handers. After a right side row do not turn.
a. Always starting with the hook facing
downwards, insert the hook back into the next
stitch to the right. Pull the yarn through twisting
the hook to face upwards at the same time.
b. Wrap the yarn and draw through to finish off
the dc as normally. c. Insert hook ready for next
stitch. d. The direction of working causes the
stitches to twist and create the decorative effect.
d

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THE ABBREVIATION USED IN CROCHETING GLOSSARY

Abbreviation/ Meaning Word Meaning
Acronym Asterisks These are used to simplify
alt alternate and Brackets repetition. Instructions are put
inside brackets and these are to
Approx approximately be worked the number of times
beg begin/ning stated, for example: ‘(1 ch, 1 tr
into next st) 5 times’.
ch chain
Chain A serious of loops forming a
cm centimetre chain, used at the start of every
con continue crochet pattern.

dc double crochet Double crochet A stitch formed by the double

action of the crochet hook. It can
dec decreases/or decreasing be made in two ways: as a flat
dtr double treble surface, or as a ridge surface.

foll following Double treble The thread is wound twice

around the hook instead of once.
htr half treble
Fastening off Finishing off stitches at the end of
inc increase/or increasing a piece of work.
lp/s loop/s Shell stitch A group of 5 treble stitches.
patt/s patterns Slip stitch A stitch formed by passing the
rep repeat hook through the stitch and
drawing it through both loops on
sl slip the back.
slst slip stitch Tension/Gauge The number of stitches/motifs/
sp/s spaces patterns given to each square
inch or inches as stipulated in the
st/s stitches pattern.
tog together Treble Ordinary treble stitch, made by
tr treble winding the thread once around
the hook before putting it into the
ttr triple treble stitch.
Triple treble An elaborate form of treble,
where the tread is wound three
times around the hook before the
hook is inserted in the stitch
below.

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Acknowledgments
This short course module, developed in Papua New Guinea, is based on the competency-based training
model.
The Skill Training Resource Unit (STRU) of Employment Oriented Skills Development Project (EOSDP)
in conjunction with Department (TVET) division and the implementing agency Department for
Community Development Services wish to express their thanks to the people who have contributed in
producing the module.
We hope it will provide basic knowledge and skills for the informal and the formal sectors especially
the women, men and the youth to be employed or self-employed through having better skills for
tomorrow.

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p o box 1097, waigani
national capital district
papua new guinea.

tel: (675) 323 2633

fax: (675) 323 0944

The development of this short course was

sponsored by the ADB-PNG
EMPLOYMENT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT (EOSDP) and produced by
curriculum officers at the SKILLS
TRAINING RESOURCES UNIT (STRU)