Chapter 1 Biological Molecules

1. Lactose is a reducing sugar because 10. Which of the following statements about amylose and
A it contains a glucose and a galactose cellulose is true?
B it has a hydroxyl group
C it contains aldehyde group
D it cannot be crystallised in Benedict’s solution Amylose Cellulose
A -1,4 glycosidic bond -1,4 glycosidic bond
B -1,4 glycosidic bond -1,4 glycosidic bond
2. Which statement about DNA and RNA is not true? C Water soluble Insoluble in water
D Branched Unbranched
DNA RNA
A Found in mitochondrion Found in mitochondrion 11. The diagram below shows a dipeptide. What does X
B Contains 4 types Contains 5 types represent?
nitrogenous base nitrogenous base including
excluding uracil uracil
C Consists of 2 Consists of single
polynucleotide chains polynucleotide chain
D Contains ketose pentose Contains ketose pentose
sugar sugar

3. A peptide bond is formed between

A an aldehyde group and an amino group
B an aldehyde group with an ester group
C an aldehyde group with a carboxyl group
D a carboxyl group with an amino group

4. Which one of the following statements is true about the

polysaccharides in living organisms?

Form storage Form supporting Provide energy

compounds structures
A No Yes No
B No Yes Yes
C Yes Yes Yes
D Yes No Yes
12. Which of the following statements is true about the
property of water?
5. The different between saturated fatty acids and
A large amount of energy is needed to increase its
unsaturated fatty acids is
temperature
A the number of oxygen atoms in the fatty acid
B its molecules are bound together by ionic bonds
B the branching or linear shape of the fatty acid
C the highest density of water occurs below its freezing
C the presence of the double bond in the fatty acid
point
D the physical condition of the fatty acid at room
D water acts as a solvent for non-polar molecules
temperature

13. The diagram below shows a type of monosaccharide.

6. How many fatty acids chains are normally present in a
molecule of lecithin?
0
A 0 B 1 C 2 D3

7. Protein can function as pH buffers in cells because

A protein are soluble
B protein are non-polar molecules
C protein contain both amino and carboxyl groups
D protein dissolve in water forming colloids
Which of the following polymers can be formed from
the condensation of the molecule shown above?
8. At which level of protein structure do hydrophobic I glycogen III amylopectin
interactions occur? II amylose IV starch
A primary, secondary and tertiary A II and III C II, III and IV
B primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary B I, II and III D I, II, III and IV
C tertiary and quaternary
D quaternary only

9. The main transport carbohydrate in plants is

A glucose B fructose C sucrose D maltose
14. Questions 14 and 15 are based on the diagram below, What are the characteristics of the molecule shown in
which shows a type of disaccharide. the preceding diagram?
I water soluble
II dissociate in water to form zwitterion
III amphoteric molecules
IV condensation of two amino acids produces dipeptide
A I and II C II, III and IV
B I, II and III D I, II, III and IV

19. The diagram below shows an amino acid.

Which of the following statements are true about the

molecule shown above?
I has 1,2 glycosidic bonds
II has -1,4 glycosidic bonds This amino acid is
III formed from the condensation of two aldose sugars I hydrophilic
IV formed from the condensation of one ketose and one II acidic
aldose sugar III negatively charged
A I and III C II and III IV insoluble in water
B I and IV D II and IV A I only C I, II and III
B I and II D II, III and IV

15. Which combination of statements below is correct for

the molecule shown above? 20. The following is the simple drawing of lecithin.
A reducing sugar and soluble in water
B non-reducing sugar and soluble in water
C reducing sugar and insoluble in water
D non-reducing sugar and insoluble in water

16. The density of water is highest at 4oC. What is the direct

effect of this property of water?
A water can act as thermal buffer
B water can function as a lubricant
C water provides cooling effect on animals
D water can function as an insulating layer

X Y
17. A Fatty acid Phosphate group
B Phosphate group Choline
C Choline Phosphate group
D Choline Fatty acid

21. Which of the following statements are true about water?

Viscosity Specific heat capacity Cohesive force

Which of the following statements about the A High High High
carbohydrate shown above are correct? B High Low High
I storage polysaccharide C Low High High
II unbranched linear chains D Low High Low
III forms microfibrils
IV linked by-1,4 glycosidic bonds
A I and II C II, III and IV 21. Which of the following monosaccharides are aldose
B II and III D I, II, III and IV sugars?
I glyceraldehyde III ribose
II fructose IV -glucose
18. The diagram below shows an amino acid. A I and II C I, III and IV
B I, II and III D II, III and IV

22. Ribulose is an example of a

A triose sugar C hexose sugar
B pentose sugar D disaccharide
 Which of the following statements about the molecule is
true?
23. Animal protein is called first class protein because
A it contains all the essential amino acids
B it contains all the non-essential amino acids X Y Z
C it contains some essential amino acids and all non- A Contains Ribose sugar 4 types
essential amino acids phosphate
D it contains all the essential proteins B Contains Deoxyribose sugar 4 types
phosphate
C Contains Ribose sugar 5 types
24. Which of the following statements are true about nitrogen
triglycerides? D Contains Deoxyribose sugar 5 types
I it is formed by the condensation of three fatty acids phosphate
with one glycerol
II it has lower hydrogen to oxygen ratio compare to
with carbohydrate 28. Which of the following properties of water are
III it forms a lipid bilayer in the cell membrane important to living organisms?
IV it soluble in water I Polar molecule
A I only C I, II and IV II High heat of vaporisation
B I, II and III D I, II, III and IV III High specific heat capacity
A I and II C II and III
B I and III D I, II and III
25. The diagram below shows a molecular structure of an
organic compound found in animal cells
29. Which of the following regarding the
monosaccharides is correct?

Sugar Description Example

A Triose An important Glyceraldehyde
intermediate
substance in
What is the compound and what is its function? respiration
B Triose A nucleotide Deoxyribose
C Pentose An oxygen receptor Ribulose
Compound Function during photosynthesis diphosphate
A Testosterone To stimulate the maturity of testis D Pentose A coenzyme involved Dihydroxyacetone
B Lecithin To build plasma membrane in the transfer
C Glycine To form proteins of hydrogen
D Cholesterol As an intermediate to synthesis during respiration
steroid

30. The diagram below shows a pentose sugar

26. The following diagram shows the structure of a molecule which can be found in DNA and
nucleotide. RNA.

Which of the following is true about the above Which of the following about X are correct?
nucleotide structure?
I has purine base
II is a deoxyribonucleotide molecule DNA RNA
III is a substrate for ribonucleic acid synthesis A H H
IV has a phosphodiester bond B H OH
V is used as an energy source C OH H
A I, II and V C II, III and IV D OH OH
B I, III and IV D III, IV and V

31. Which of the following statements is true of

27. The diagram below shows a nucleotide found on DNA nucleotides?
A Nucleotides are monomers of fat and polysaccharides.
B The polymerisation of nucleotides produces nucleic
acids.
C Nucleotides are bonded by covalent bonds among the
bases.
D Nucleotides consist of hexose sugars, nitrogenous
bases and phosphate molecules.
32. If 60% of the bases in one strand of DNA are adenine breathing?
and guanine, the percentage of thymine and cytosine in A High surface tension
the complementary strand is B Low viscosity
A 20% B 30% C 40% D 60% C High specific heat capacity
D Strong bipolar moment
E High density at 4oC
33. Which molecular group and characteristic correspond?

40. The structure of a sugar molecule is shown

Group Characteristics below.
A Methyl Polar, involved in the hydrophilic
reactions
B Carboxyl Basic, involved in the formation of
peptide bonds
C Amino Acidic, involved in the formation of
peptide bonds
D Hydroxyl Polar, involved in condensation and
hydrolytic reactions Which sugar has the above structure ?
A Ribose C Galactose
B Glucose D Fructose
34. Which molecule is made up of or contains glucose
molecules?
A Fructose C Ribonucleic acid 41. Which statement is true of the structure of a
B Cellulose D Deoxyribonucleic acid glucose ring?
A Carbon atom number 1 forms a bond with
oxygen on carbon atom number 5
35. Which of the following contributes to the secondary B Carbon atom number 1 and carbon atom
structure of a protein? number 5 bind to each other to form a ring
A Peptide bond C van der Waals force structure.
B Hydrogen bond D Hydrophobic interaction C  or  isomer is determined by the position of
the hydroxyl group on carbon atom number 2
D There are five hydroxyl groups within the ring
36. Which statement best explains the polarity of water? structure.
A The angle between hydrogen atoms is 104.3°.
B Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
C Hydrogen is covalently bonded to oxygen to form 42. The empirical formula of a monosaccharide is (CH2O)5,
water. the monosaccharide is probably
D Polar compounds with partial charges tend to I glycealdehyde IV ribose
dissolve in water. II fructose V ribulose
III dihydroxyacetone
A I and III C III and IV
37. Which of the following statements is/are true about B II and IV D IV and V
protein and amino acid?
I most enzymes are globular protein
II the formation of peptide bond occurs by 43. Which statement is not true of the structure below?
condensation
III all amino acids that are needed are synthesized by
human body
IV the non-protein component attached to the protein is
called prosthetic group
V all amino acids that are found in the protein have
different R group
A I, II and IV D II, III and IV
B I, II and V E II, III and V A lt is soluble in water.
C I, IV and V B lt has a reducing property.
C lt exists as a number of isomers.
D lt is a component of nucleic acid.
38. Which of the following water characteristics are
important for the function of human blood
plasma? 44. Which of the following is NOT a property of water?
I A good solvent A Universal solvent for many polar molecules.
II High specific heat capacity B High specific heat.
III High density at 4oC C High surface tension.
lV Low viscosity D Universal solvent for many non-polar molecules.
V High surface tension
A I, II and III C I, II, III and lV
B I, II and IV D I, III and V 45. The slight negative charge at one end of one water
E II, IV and V molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of
another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
A a covalent bond C an ionic bond
39. Which of the following are physical properties of B a hydrogen bond D a hydrophilic bond
water that enable water to be a good medium for
aquatic insects using oxygen in the air for
46. Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because C consists of alternating -glucose and -glucose
A oxygen has a valence of 2. D form helical structures in the cell
B the water molecule is shaped like a tetrahedron.
C the bonds that hold together the atoms in a water
molecule are polar covalent bonds. 54. The diagram below shows different types of bonds
D the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a weak found in polysaccharides
positive charge.
E each of the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is
weakly negative in charge.

47. Which of the following is possible due to the high

surface tension of water?
A Lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low
temperatures.
B A water strider can walk across the surface of a small
pond. Which of the following type or types of bond is/are
C Organisms resist temperature changes, although they found in amylose?
give off heat due to chemical reactions. A I only C I and III
D Water can act as a solvent. B II only D II and III

48. Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize? 55. Which of the following statements are true about lipid?
A ionic bonds C polar covalent bonds I lipids are insoluble
B hydrogen bonds D covalent bonds II lipid are soluble in an organic solvent
III The reaction between fatty acid and alcohol forms
ester
A I only C II and III
49. What property of water is responsible for water B I and II D I, II and III
transport in plants?
A moderation of temperature
B insulation 56. How many fatty acid molecules are present in a
C its versatility as a solvent triglyceride molecule
D cohesion A 2 B 1 C 4 D 3

50. Many mammals control their body temperature by 57.
sweating. Which behavior of water is most directly
responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body
temperature?
A water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air
B the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen
bonds
C the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen
bonds
D water's high surface tension
Below are four statement about lipid
I lipid consists of glycerol combined with alcohol
II both fats and oils are triglycerides
III oils are more saturated with hydrogen than fats
IV lipid are more highly reduced substances than
carbohydrate
Which of the following statements is correct?
A II only C II and IV
B I and IV D I, III and IV

58. Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

51. Which of the following characteristics of water makes it A oleic acid C linoleic acid
a very good fluid medium for endotherms? B stearic acid D nucleic acid.
A high electrical constant
B low viscosity
C high specific heat capacity 59. The phosphate group in phospholipids is
D high surface tension A polar and hydrophobic
B non-polar and hydrophobic
C polar and hydrophilic
52. Which of the following characteristics are true about D non-polar and hydrophilic
maltose?
I it only produces glucose when hydrolysed
II it forms a brick-red precipitate when tested with 60. If a DNA molecule contains 20% guanine, what is the
Benedict’s solution percentage of adenine in the DNA?
III it has a free aldehyde group A 15 B 20 C 25 D 30
IV it is an example of monosaccharide
V it is soluble in water
A I, II, III and IV C I, IV and V 61. Which of the following statements is true about the
B I, III, IV and V D I, II, III and V DNA molecule?
A DNA molecule is single-stranded
B adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with
53. Structural polysaccharides typically cytosine
A have extensively hydrogen bonding between adjacent C the nitrogenous bases hold both strands by a single
molecules hydrogen bond
B are much more hydrophilic than storage D the sugar phosphate backbone of the polynucleotide
polysaccharides is on the inside of the helix
 71. Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the
purine type?
62. Which protein is non-globular? A cytosine and guanine
A lipase C collagen B guanine and adenine
B cellulose D myoglobin C adenine and thymine
D thymine and uracil

63. The secondary order of protein structure is

A the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain 72. Which of the following statements best summarizes the
B the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids structural differences between DNA and RNA?
C the coiling of the polypeptide chain A RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid.
D the folding of the coiled polypeptide chain B DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.
C DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA
nucleotides.
64. Why do proteins have a buffering effect in cells? D RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded.
A they are non-polar
B they are amphoteric
C they form colloidal solution 73. Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?
D they contain basic amino acids A RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded.
B DNA is found in the nucleus; RNA is never found in
the nucleus.
65. What is the theoretical number of chemically different C In DNA, adenine pairs with guanine; in RNA,
dipeptides that may be assembled from 12 different adenine pairs with thymine.
amino acids? D DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil.
A 24 B 72 C 144 D 400

74. Which of the following is correct?

66. Which of the following statements concerning the
amino groups in amino acids is not true?
A they are basic C they contain nitrogen Chromatography Electrophoresis X-ray diffraction
B they are non-polar D they are polar A To separate To determine To separate DNA
protein structure of DNA
B To determine To separate To separate DNA
67. Which of the following are false about the structure of
protein? structure of DNA protein
I the total amount of free amino and carboxyl groups C To separate DNA To determine To separate
decreases when proteins are hydrolysed structure of DNA protein
II the destruction of tertiary structure of proteins D To separate To separate DNA To determine
decreases its solubility protein structure of DNA
III myoglobin has quaternary structure
IV collagen form by soluble globular protein
A I, II and III C II, III and IV 75. Five disaccharides were each hydrolysed with dilute
B I, II, III and IV D I, III and IV acid, and the purified products were separated by one
dimensional chromatography. The final chromatogram
is shown in the diagram below.
68. The tertiary structure of a protein is the
A bonding together of several polypeptide chains
by weak bonds.
B order in which amino acids are joined in a
polypeptide chain.
C unique three-dimensional shape of the fully
folded polypeptide.
D organization of a polypeptide chain into an α
helix or β pleated sheet.

69. At which level of protein structure are interactions

between the side chains (R groups) most important? If spot 1 represents the products obtained from the
A primary C tertiary hydrolysis of sucrose, which one of the following
B secondary D quaternary indicates the results obtained from the hydrolysis of
lactose and maltose?

70. The globular protein transthyretin results from the

aggregation of four polypeptide subunits. Each of the Lactose Maltose
subunits is a polypeptide chain with an α helix region. A 2 3
Which structure(s) must the transthyretin protein have? B 2 4
A primary structure
C 5 2
B primary and secondary structure
C primary, secondary, and tertiary structure D 5 3
D primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure E 5 4