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Name:
Class:

SMK DATO’ MOHD SAID, NILAI

Preuniversity 1
BIOLOGY TEST 1 2019
One hour and 30 minutes

SECTION A.
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS

1. What are the properties of water?

Viscosity Surface tension Laten heat of vaporisation Specific heat capacity

A Low Low Low High
B Low High High High
C High High Low Low
D High High High Low

2. Which statement best explain the polarity of water?

A. The angle between hydrogen atoms is 104.3°.

B. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
C. Hydrogen is covalently bonded to oxygen to for water.
D. Polar compounds with partial charges tend to dissolve in water.

3. Of the pairs stated below, which is not true about glycogen and cellulose?

Glycogen Cellulose
A Have glycosidic bond have glycosidic bond
B Contains alpha glucose contains beta glucose
C Found in animals found in plants
D Dissolves in water doesn’t dissolve in water

4. Listed below are examples of structural isomers, except

A. glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone B. sucrose and lactose
C. ribose and ribulose D. glucose and α-glucose

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 5. The diagram below shows a type of disaccharide. Which of the following
statements are true about the molecule shown below?

I Has -1,2- glycosidic bond

II Has - 1,4-glycosidic bond
III Formed from the condensation of two aldose sugars
IV Formed from the condensation of one ketose and one aldose sugar

A. I, III B. I, IV C. II, III D. II, IV

6. Diagram below shows a type of monosaccharide.

Which of the following polymers can be formed from the condensation of the
molecule shown in the diagram above ?

I Glycogen II Amylose III Amylopectin IV Starch

A II and III B I, II and III C II, III and IV D I, II, III and IV

7. What properties of water help it to moderate the changes in temperature?

A Cohesion and adhesion force
B Polarity and hydrogen bonding
C Solvent and high specific heat capacity
D High specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporisation

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8. The phosphodiester bond in DNA or RNA is formed between
A two nitrogenous bases
B two pentose sugars
C a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
D a pentose sugar and a phosphate group

9. Which of the following are properties of protein?

I Amphoteric
II Can be denatured by heat over 60°C
III Can act as a buffer
A I only C II and III only
B I and II only D I, II and III

10. The diagram shows an amino acid. What are the characteristics of the molecules are
true?

I Water soluble
II Dissociate in water to form zwitterions
III Amphoteric molecules
IV Condensation of two amino acids produes dipeptide

A. I, II B. I, II, III C. II, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV

11. The difference between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids is

A. the number of oxygen atoms in the fatty acid

B. the branching or linear shape of the fatty acid
C. the presence of the double covalent bond in the fatty acid
D. the physical condition of the fatty acid at room temperature

12. The diagram below shows the molecular structure of an organic compound.

What is the name of this compound?

A. Testosterone B. Triacylglycerol C. Phospholipid D. Cholesterol

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 13. The following molecules are found in the nucleic acids. Which of the following
molecules are linked together to form a nucleotide which contains uracil?

A. 1, 2, 4 B. 1, 4, 5 C. 2, 3, 5 D. 2, 4, 5

14. Which of the following combinations are true about fibrous protein?
Molecular structure Solubility in water Buffer effect Examples
A Primary Yes Yes Antibody
B Tertiary No Yes Amylase
C Secondary No No Collagen
D Quaternary No No Cytochrome oxidase

15. Which of the following statements is true about triglycerides?

A It has lower calorific value than carbohydrate.

B It forms hydrogen bonds with water molecule.
C It is more dense than water.
D It has a higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio compared to carbohydrates.

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SECTION B : ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS

1. The diagrams below show the structural formula of two acids, P and Q.

(a) During protein synthesis, certain atoms from P and Q may be linked to from
new molecules.

(i) On the diagram, draw a circle around the atoms that are removed when P
and Q are bonded together . [1m]

(ii) Draw a line connecting the atoms in P and Q that are linked together
[1m]
(iii) Name the bond that is formed by this reaction.

____________________________________________________[1m]

(b) (i) Amino acid P and Q are in the same classification according to their
side chain. Based on the R group, state the classification of amino acids
P and Q.
_____________________________________________________[1m]

(ii) Explain how the properties of R group are related to the

structure and functions of protein. [4m]

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

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2. The diagram below shows the structure of a lipid.

(a) Name this lipid. [1mark]

______________________________________________________________

(b) Name the backbone of this lipid. [1mark]

_________________________________________________________

(c) Name A, B and X. [3marks]

____________________________________________________________

(d) State two characteristics of this lipid which are responsible for the formation
of the cell membrane. [2marks]

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

SECTION C:
ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

18 . (a) State three properties of water and explain their importance to living organisms.
[9m]
(b) Give an account why glycogen is suitable for food storage in animal cells. [6m]

19. (a) By using specific examples, explain the four levels of protein structure.
[12m]
(b) State three types of protein and their functions. [3 m]

20. (a) Describe the differences between DNA and RNA molecule. [6 m]

(b) With the help of the diagram, describe the Watson and Crick’s model of DNA
structure. [9m]

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 PREPARED BY:

________________________________
(PN. ROSELYNZA MOHD SALLEH)
SUBJECT TEACHER

MARKING SCHEME TEST 1 PPU1

Part A

1 B 11 C
2 D 12 D
3 D 13 B
4 B 14 C
5 B 15 D
6 D
7 D
8 D
9 D
10 C

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MARKING SCHEME

No Answers Marks Total

marks
16 Peptide bond 1
a.iii.

b. i. non-polar R group 1
ii.
 non-polar R groups are (found in amino acid alanine and valine) 1
 protein containing high ratio of these amino acids are not soluble
in water and less active // stable structure 1
 these are found in protein such as collagen and keratin 1
1
 important in carrying its structural and supporting function
// formed structural protein
 have hydrocarbon (CH) as their side chain so they are neutral/
hydrophobic and non –polar / cannot form hydrogen bond (make
8
it insoluble in water)
17 a. lecithin 1
b. glycerol 1
c. A- saturated fatty acid//stearic acid 1
B – unsaturated fatty acid // oleic 1
acid 1
X – ester bond
d.
 its allow lipid soluble substrate to pass through in and out of the cell 1
// permit the exchange of materials// semi permeable membrane
 it is a matrix for the attachment of protein molecules 1
 in aqueous medium, lecithin molecule arrange themselves to form
double layer with the hydrophobic tail fatty acid facing each other
inside the cell and hydrophilic head outside the cell Any 2
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18a  Water is a bipolar molecule. 1
 In each water molecule, oxygen atom is slightly negatively 1
charged and two hydrogen atoms are slightly positively charged.
 Thus, water acts as the universal solvent for ions and polar
molecules. It acts as a medium for biochemical reactions between 1
dissolved chemicals in cells.
 Water molecules form hydrogen bonds. 1

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  Hydrogen bond is formed between positively charged hydrogen
atom of one water molecule with the negatively charged oxygen
molecule of another water molecule. 1
 This creates high cohesive force in water. The cohesive force
together with adhesive force produces capillary action in small
vessels such as xylem vessels. 1
 Water has low viscosity 1
 because the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules are
continuously broken and reformed 1
 This enables waterto act as a good lubricant in organisms.
Example is synovial fluid in joints. 1
 Water has high surface tension 1
 caused by high cohesive force between water molecules on the
1
surface of water.
 High surface tension can support small and light organisms such
1
as insects. This creates a habitat on the water surface.
1
 Water has high specific heat capacity,
 which means that a high amount of energy is required to raise the 1
temperature of 1 g water by 1 C.
 This enables water to act as thermal buffer to create a constant 1
internal or external environment for living organisms. 1
 Water has high latent heat of vaporisation,
 which means that a high amount of energy is needed to convert 1
water into vapour.
 Vaporisation of sweat provides cooling effects for organisms such
as humans without much loss of water. 1
 Water has its maximum density at 4oC. 1
 At 0oC and below,ice is formed.Being less dense than liquid Max 9
water,the ice floats on the surface,forming an insulating layer. 1
 This prevents water in lower depths from
freezing.Therefore,aquatic organisms in ponds and lakes can
survive in liquid water during the winter months.

18b  Glycogen forms an energy reserve that can be quickly mobilized 1

to meet a sudden need for glucose with the glucose tied up into
glycogen 1
 Glycogen left free in cell because it is insoluble in water and does
not affect the osmotic pressure of glucose entering or leaving the 1
cell
 Glycogen also provides insulation , maintenance of body
termperature all this is not required in plants 1
 Although the structure of glycogen is similar to amylopectin but
glycogen has more branches.
 Since animal need more energy (to move one place to another) 1
the extensive branch in glycogen release more energy during
cellular respiration
 Also, glycogen is broken down by the hormone insulin, which
might be absent in plants. 1

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  The human body cannot bio-synthesize starch which rules out the
two way regulation of blood glucose level as in glycogen 1
metabolism not only ensure fast availability of energy but also
prevent wastage by quickly storing the excess Max 6

Answer Marks Total

a  Primary structure is a linear of sequences of amino acids in the protein 1
that linked by peptide bonds.
 The sequence of a protein is determined genetically by code in DNA. 1
 The protein filaments, namely actin and myosin in the muscle have
primary structures. 1
 Muscle contraction is due to the sliding motion of actin and myosin
filament. 1
 Secondary structure is when the polypeptide chain is coiled to form
right handed α-helix or folded to form β-pleated sheets. 1
 Hydrogen bonds are formed to maintain the stable structure of
α-helix and β-pleated sheets. 1
 For example, collagen consists of strands wrapped around one another
1
to form strong fibres as seen in tendons and fibres in skin. //
 Keratin which has structural role and can be found in nails, hair and
1
horn.
 Tertiary structure is formed by folding and coiling of the secondary 1
structure of polypeptide chain to form a compact three dimension
globular protein.
 The three dimension shape is maintained by hydrogen bond, ionic 1
bonds, disulphide bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
 Enzymes are mainly globular proteins, where the tertiary structure has 1
given the molecule a generally rounded, ball shape allow them to have
specific active sites.
 Antibodies have tertiary structures that enable them to have specific 1
reactions with foreign substance in the body.
 Quaternary structures consist of two or more polypeptide chains. 1
 Which are held together by hydrogen bond, ionic bond and 1
hydrophobic interaction.
 Example is haemoglobin which consist of two α-polypeptide chain
and two β-polypeptide chain. 1 Max 12
b Enzymes – catalyses food substances/substrate 1
Hormones – chemical coordination of cellular activities 1
Structural protein – support for the organism 1
Defense protein – immunity against disease 1
Transport protein – transport gases, nutrients, ions across cell 1
membrane Any 3
Receptor protein – response to stimuli 1
Contractile protein – locomotion 1

 DNA consists of double strands arranged in an antiparallel manner 1

and coiled to form a double helix but RNA consists of a single
polynucleotide strand

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 In DNA, the sugar unit in the nucleotide monomer is deoxyribose 1
which has hydrogen attached to the second carbon. In RNA, the sugar
unit in the nucleotide monomer is ribose which contains a hydroxyl
group (-oh) attached to second carbon
 For DNA, its bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine, while 1
in RNA, the bases are adenine, guanine, thymine and uracil
 DNA is mostly confined chromosomes in the nucleus and to 1
mitochondria and chloroplast (in a small amount) while RNA is
found mostly in the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell
1
 There is only one type of DNA while there are three type of RNA : Max 6
mRNA,tRNA,rRNA 1
 DNA is a longer and bigger molecule but RNA is a short molecule
 Along the length of DNA molecules are areas called genes. Each 1
gene is a unit of genetic information.RNA does not function as gene
 Each DNA molecule is a double-stranded polynucleotide held 1
antiparallel to each other ( one end runs 5’ end to 3’ end and the other
runs 3’ end to 5’ end) by weak hydrogen bond
 Two polynucleotide strands are coiled in a right-handed spiral to form
a double helix 1
 A phosphodiester bond is formed between the pentose sugar of one
nucleotide and phosphate group of another 1
 The strong covalent phophodiester bonds cannot be easily distrupted,
keep DNA backbone intact making DNA a stable molecule 1
 Each nucleotide consists of three components: pentose sugar (ribose
or deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base and phosphate group –linked
together through condensation reactions 1
 A base is a ring structure containing nitrogen. The base is attached to
the C1 and the phosphate group to C5 of the pentose sugar 1
 The base-pairing is precise: A and T with two H bond whereas C
1
and G three H bond
 The base pair are stacked 0.34nm apart. The double helix makes one
1
complete turn (360⁰) for every ten base pairs of nucleotides or 3.4nm.
 The two polynucleotide strands are complementary. One strand of the 1
original double helix is present in each of the daughter double helics
 The sequence of bases in DNA forms the genetic code –control the 1
activities of cell and determine the characteristic of an organisms Max 9

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