Step 2

State your assumptions:

l The terms of kinetic and potential energy in the energy balance equation

are negligible.
l A pump is not included in the system (W s ¼ 0).

l The heat capacity of the liquid streams does not change significantly

with temperature.
l The system is at steady state.

Step 3
Write the energy balance equation:
Rate of energy input ¼ m_ w in _ Hw in þ m_ m in _ Hm in
Rate of energy output ¼ m_ w out _ Hw out þ m_ m out _ Hm out þ q
(with subscript ‘‘w’’ for water and ‘‘m’’ for milk).
At steady state
rate of energy input ¼ rate of energy output
or
m_ w in _ Hw in þ m_ m in _ Hm in ¼ m_ w out _ Hw out þ m_ m out _ Hm out þ q (4:1)
Step 4
Calculate the known terms of eqn (4.1)
i) The enthalpy of the water stream is:
Input: Hw in ¼ cpT ¼ 4:2 _ 90 ¼ 378 kJ=kg
Output: Hw out ¼ cpT ¼ 4:2 _ 75 ¼ 315 kJ=kg
ii) The enthalpy of the milk stream is:
Input: Hm in ¼ cpT ¼ 3:9 _ 45 ¼ 175:5kJ=kg
Output: Hm out ¼ cpT ¼ 3:9 _ 72 ¼ 280:8kJ=kg
Step 5
Substitute the above values in eqn (4.1), taking into account that:
m_ w in ¼ m_ w out ¼ m_ w and m_ m in ¼ m_ m out
m_ w _ 378 þ 1000 _ 175:5 ¼ m_ w _ 315 þ 1000 _ 280:8 þ 1 _ 3600 Step 2
State your assumptions:
l The terms of kinetic and potential energy in the energy balance equation

are negligible.
l A pump is not included in the system (W s ¼ 0).

l The heat capacity of the liquid streams does not change significantly

with temperature.
l The system is at steady state.

Step 3
Write the energy balance equation:
Rate of energy input ¼ m_ w in _ Hw in þ m_ m in _ Hm in
Rate of energy output ¼ m_ w out _ Hw out þ m_ m out _ Hm out þ q
(with subscript ‘‘w’’ for water and ‘‘m’’ for milk).
At steady state
rate of energy input ¼ rate of energy output
or
m_ w in _ Hw in þ m_ m in _ Hm in ¼ m_ w out _ Hw out þ m_ m out _ Hm out þ q (4:1)
Step 4
Calculate the known terms of eqn (4.1)
i) The enthalpy of the water stream is:
Input: Hw in ¼ cpT ¼ 4:2 _ 90 ¼ 378 kJ=kg
Output: Hw out ¼ cpT ¼ 4:2 _ 75 ¼ 315 kJ=kg
ii) The enthalpy of the milk stream is:
Input: Hm in ¼ cpT ¼ 3:9 _ 45 ¼ 175:5kJ=kg
Output: Hm out ¼ cpT ¼ 3:9 _ 72 ¼ 280:8kJ=kg
Step 5
Substitute the above values in eqn (4.1), taking into account that:
m_ w in ¼ m_ w out ¼ m_ w and m_ m in ¼ m_ m out
m_ w _ 378 þ 1000 _ 175:5 ¼ m_ w _ 315 þ 1000 _ 280:8 þ 1 _ 3600 Step 2
State your assumptions:
l The terms of kinetic and potential energy in the energy balance equation

are negligible.
l A pump is not included in the system (Ws ¼ 0).
l The heat capacity of the liquid streams does not change significantly
with temperature.
l The system is at steady state.

Step 3
Write the energy balance equation:
Rate of energy input ¼ m_ w in _ Hw in þ m_ m in _ Hm in
Rate of energy output ¼ m_ w out _ Hw out þ m_ m out _ Hm out þ q
(with subscript ‘‘w’’ for water and ‘‘m’’ for milk).
At steady state
rate of energy input ¼ rate of energy output
or
m_ w in _ Hw in þ m_ m in _ Hm in ¼ m_ w out _ Hw out þ m_ m out _ Hm out þ q (4:1)
Step 4
Calculate the known terms of eqn (4.1)
i) The enthalpy of the water stream is:
Input: Hw in ¼ cpT ¼ 4:2 _ 90 ¼ 378 kJ=kg
Output: Hw out ¼ cpT ¼ 4:2 _ 75 ¼ 315 kJ=kg
ii) The enthalpy of the milk stream is:
Input: Hm in ¼ cpT ¼ 3:9 _ 45 ¼ 175:5kJ=kg
Output: Hm out ¼ cpT ¼ 3:9 _ 72 ¼ 280:8kJ=kg
Step 5
Substitute the above values in eqn (4.1), taking into account that:
m_ w in ¼ m_ w out ¼ m_ w and m_ m in ¼ m_ m out
m_ w _ 378 þ 1000 _ 175:5 ¼ m_ w _ 315 þ 1000 _ 280:8 þ 1 _ 3600