L O A D AN D S T R ES S

1. An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in figure. Axial

loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of 𝑃 that will not exceed a stress

in steel of 140 𝑀𝑃𝑎, in aluminum of 90 𝑀𝑃𝑎, or in bronze of 100 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Area of cross section for Steel,

Aluminum and Bronze segments are 500 𝑚𝑚2 , 400 𝑚𝑚2 and 300 𝑚𝑚2 respectively.

2. For the member loaded as shown in figure,

(i) Draw the axial thrust diagram, consider self-weight as well as loads 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 . Take 𝑃1 = 2𝑊, 𝑃2 =

𝑊, 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 1 = 𝑊, 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 2 = 2𝑊.

(ii) Determine maximum stress in segments 1 and 2 if 𝐴1 = 𝐴 and 𝐴2 = 1.5𝐴

3. A uniform member is subjected to a varying distributed axial load (intensity diagram is shown).

(i) Draw axial thrust diagram

(ii) Determine maximum stress in terms of 𝑝0 , 𝐿 and 𝐴.

4. A conical member is suspended as shown in figure. Due to self-weight,

(i) Draw axial thrust diagram

(ii) Determine stress at section 𝑋 in terms of 𝜌, 𝑔 and 𝑥.

5. Figure shows a horizontal link, with two point-masses attached at uniform gap, rotating in horizontal

plane at constant angular velocity 𝜔 = 60 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠. The mass of the link itself is negligible, and the cross

section of the link is uniform and circular. Given that 𝑚 = 20 𝑘𝑔 and 𝑎 = 100 𝑚𝑚. Due to axial loading

caused by centrifugal force, determine the safe diameter of cross section of link for 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑄𝑅 segments.

The stress in the link is not to exceed 50 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 .

D E F ORM A TI O N AN D D I SP L AC E M E N T

6. A uniform member is subjected to a varying distributed axial load (intensity diagram is shown.

Determine total elongation of the member.

7. A conical member is suspended as shown in figure. Due to self-weight, determine total elongation of

the member
8. A tapered bar has cross section as equilateral triangle, side 𝑎 at one extreme and 𝑏 at another extreme,

varying linearly over length 𝐿. Find an expression of total elongation caused by an axial load 𝑃.

𝑥2
9. Cross section of a bar is given by (1 + ) 𝑐𝑚2 where 𝑥 𝑐𝑚 is the distance from one end. Find the
100

elongation of bar under an axial load of 20 𝑘𝑁 on a length of 10 𝑐𝑚. 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

10. Determine the ratio of forces 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 if displacement at section 𝑅 is 1.5 times the axial displacement

at section 𝑄.

11. Both portions of the rod 𝐴𝐵𝐶 are made of aluminum for which 𝐸 = 70 𝐺𝑃𝑎. The magnitude of 𝑃 is 4

𝑘𝑁, determine deflection of 𝐵 if the deflection at 𝐴 is zero.

12. Columns 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are made of Copper (𝐸 = 100 𝐺𝑃𝑎) whereas the rod 𝐸𝐹 is made of Steel (200 𝐺𝑃𝑎).

Determine downward displacement of point 𝐹 due to load 90 𝑘𝑁. Area of cross section of each member

is 400 𝑚𝑚2 . Length of member 𝐴𝐵 is 100 𝑚𝑚 and length of member 𝐸𝐹 is 125 𝑚𝑚.
 C ON N EC T ED M E M B ER S

13. A homogeneous 800 𝑘𝑔 bar 𝐴𝐵 is supported at either end by a cable as shown in figure. Calculate the

smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 𝑀𝑃𝑎 in bronze and 120 𝑀𝑃𝑎 in steel.

14. In the adjacent figure, the link 𝐵𝐷 has rectangular section 30 𝑚𝑚 wide and 12 𝑚𝑚 thick. If each pin

has 10 𝑚𝑚 diameter, determine the maximum value of average normal stress in link 𝐵𝐷. Assume only

axial loads developing in members.

15. Rigid members 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 are connected with steel (𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎) links 𝐵𝐸 and 𝐶𝐹. Each of the

links 𝐵𝐸 and 𝐶𝐹 is made of a pair of 25 𝑚𝑚 × 35 𝑚𝑚 plates. Determine change in length of member 𝐵𝐸.
16. A rigid bar 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is supported by two elastic bars at 𝐴 and 𝐵 as shown in figure. Both vertical elastic

bars have same longitudinal stiffness. Determine the location of point on bar 𝐴𝐵𝐶, which has zero

displacement.

[Longitudinal stiffness = EA/L]

17. A rigid bar AB is subjected to load 𝑃 as shown in figure. The wire has longitudinal stiffness 𝐸𝐴/𝐿. If

𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐵, determine horizontal displacement at point 𝐵 due to load 𝑃.

S T A TI C A LL Y IN D ET ER M IN A T E S TRU C TU RE S

18. The composite bar in figure is stress-free before the axial loads 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are applied. Assuming that

the left wall is rigid and right wall yields by 0.8 𝑚𝑚, calculate the stress in each material if 𝑃1 = 150 𝑘𝑁

and 𝑃2 = 90 𝑘𝑁.

19. A compound bar is made of a steel rod of area 𝐴 enclosed within a copper tube of area 2𝐴. Elasticity

of steel is 2𝐸 and that of the copper is 𝐸. If permissible stress for copper is 𝜎̂ and that of the steel is 2𝜎̂,

determine maximum axial tensile load that can be applied at the end of the compound bar.
20. The rigid platform in figure has negligible mass and rests on two steel bars, each 250 𝑚𝑚 long. The

centre bar is aluminum and 249.90 mm long. Compute the stress in the aluminum bar after the center

load 𝑃 = 400 𝑘𝑁 has been applied. For each steel bar, the area is 1200 𝑚𝑚2 and 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎. For the

aluminum bar, the area is 2400 𝑚𝑚2 and 𝐸 = 70 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

21. Determine the axial load in wires supporting the load 𝑊 as shown in figure. All three wires are made

of same material and have same cross-sectional area.

22. A rigid massless horizontal beam is hinged at one end and supported by a wire at another end Q

and a vertical wire at S. Both the wires are made of same material and have same cross-sectional area.

Determine the axial stress in wire S and Q in terms of W and A. (Wire at S have length L)

23. The rigid castings A and B are connected by two 20 𝑚𝑚 diameter steel bolts 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐺𝐻 and are in

contact with the ends of a 38 𝑚𝑚 diameter aluminum rod 𝐸𝐹. Each bolt is single-threaded with a pitch

of 2.5 𝑚𝑚, and after being snugly fitted, the nuts at 𝐷 and 𝐻 are both tightened one-quarter of a turn.
Knowing that 𝐸 is 210 𝐺𝑃𝑎 for steel and 70 𝐺𝑃𝑎 for aluminum, determine the normal stress in aluminum

rod. Length of each bolt is 450 𝑚𝑚 and that of the aluminum rod is 300 𝑚𝑚.
 A N S WE R S

1. 14 𝑘𝑁 13. 𝐴𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑒 = 43.6 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐴𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 32.7 𝑚𝑚2

2. (𝑖𝑖)𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥1 = 14. 72.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎

3𝑊 4𝑊
, 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥2 =
𝐴 𝐴

3. (𝑖𝑖)
𝑝0 𝐿
(𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝑝0 𝐿2
15. 0.0302 𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
2𝐴 6𝐸𝐴

4. (𝑖) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 ∝ 𝑥 3 (𝑖𝑖) 𝜌𝑔𝑥

1
16. 2𝑎/5 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴
3

17.
2𝑃𝐿
5. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑄: 23.45 𝑚𝑚. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑄𝑅: 19.15 𝑚𝑚 𝐸𝐴

6.
𝑝0 𝐿2 18. 159.84 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 3.073 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 80.122 𝑀𝑃𝑎
6𝐸𝐴

7.
𝜌𝑔𝐿2 19. 𝜎̂(4𝐴)
6𝐸

20. 22.48 𝑀𝑃𝑎

8.
4𝑃𝐿
√3𝐸𝑎𝑏
𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
21. 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 =
𝑊
, 𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 =
9. 0.008 𝑐𝑚 1+2𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 1+2𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

22. 𝜎𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑄 = 𝜎𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑆 = (

1 𝑊
10. 1: 7 )
1+√2 𝐴

11. 0.073 𝑚𝑚 23. 76.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎

12. 0.2531 𝑚𝑚