EARTHQUAKE LOAD ANALYSIS

(PART 2)
TYPES OF STRUCTURAL PREPARED BY:
ENGR. PRECIOUS PRINCESS SABA
SYSTEM
Instructor

1st Semester / 2021 – 2022

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Gravity loads - are the vertical forces that act on a structure.
Lateral loads - are live loads that are applied parallel to the ground; that is,
they are horizontal forces acting on a structure (can be seismic or wind load)
Seismic or Earthquake load – is a lateral load that takes place due to the
inertia force produced in the building because of seismic excitations
Shear wall - a structural panel that can resist lateral forces acting on it.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS FOLLOW (Clipped from NSCP 208.4.6):
Structural system is classified according to the type of structural element present to resist gravity and lateral loads.

1 BEARING WALL SYSTEM

A structural system without a complete
vertical load-carrying space frame. Bearing
walls or bracing systems provide support for
all or most gravity loads. Resistance to lateral SHEAR WALL
load is provided by shear walls or braced DETAILS
frames. ( NSCP 208.4.6.1).

BRACED
FRAMES

o Sample of building with incomplete vertical load carrying

space frame (column). Thus gravity and lateral loads are
carried by the shear wall.
2 BUILDING FRAME SYSTEM
A structural system with an essentially
complete space frame providing support for
gravity loads. Resistance to lateral is
provided by shear walls or braced frames.
( NSCP 208.4.6.2).
o Sample of building with complete vertical load carrying
space frame and shear wall.

3 MOMENT RESISTING
FRAME SYSTEM
 A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing
support for gravity loads. Moment frames provide resistance to lateral loa
d primarily by flexural action members.
 A rectilinear assemblage of beams and columns, with the beams rigidly co
nnected to the columns. Resistance to lateral forces is provided primarily
by rigid frame action – that is, by the development of bending moment an
d shear force in the frame members and joints. ( NSCP 208.4.6.3).
There are three different types of moment frames:
1. Ordinary moment frame (OMF). These provide the least resistance to lateral motion and so are only
recommended for zero/low seismic regions.
2. Intermediate moment frame (IMF). IMFs are the next level up, designed to resist limited inelastic deformation
s as the result of lateral forces. As per the AISC, they must use pre - qualified connections or have passed a
qualifying cyclic test, proving their ability to sustain inter-story drift angle of up to 0.02 radians. Thus, IMF's are
only installed in low- to mid - seismic regions.
3. Special moment frame (SMF). SMF connections are the strongest available. They are designed to withstand
dramatic inelastic deformation in both members and connections when assaulted by lateral forces. They also
require the use of pre-qualified connections that have passed a qualifying cyclic test. These connections must
sustain inter-story drift angle of up to 0.04 radians. SMFs are used in regions with mid- to high-seismic activity.
A properly detailed SMF is among the most ductile lateral-force resisting systems.

NOTE:
The above stated types of moment resisting frames may differ through the details of the reinforcement of
the structural elements and connections.
 4 DUAL SYSTEM
A structural system with the following features:
 An essentially complete space frame that provides support for
gravity loads.
 Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced
frames and moment-resisting frames (can be ordinary moment
frames (OMF), intermediate moment frames (IMF) and
special moment frames (SMF). The MRF shall be designed to in
dependently resist at least 25% of the design base shear.
 The two systems shall be designed to resist the total design bas
shear in proportion to their relative rigidities considering the in
teraction of the dual system at all levels.
5 CANTILEVERED - COLUMN SYSTEM
 A structural system relying on cantilevered column elements for lateral resistance.
 In cantilever rack systems a cantilever column is the vertical component that supports the
horizontal cantilever beams.