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𝜋 2
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝐷 𝐿, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐷
4
= 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 = 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝜋 2 𝑁
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 𝐷 𝐿∗ , 𝐹𝑂𝑅 𝑆𝐼𝑁𝐺𝐿𝐸 𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑅
4 60
𝜋 2 𝑁
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 𝐷 𝐿∗ ∗ 2, 𝐹𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝑂𝑈𝐵𝐿𝐸 𝐴𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆𝑂𝑅
4 60
𝑃𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 2𝐿𝑁 𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
Single stage Compressor, Equation for work input/cycle without clearance volume
𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑃2 𝑛
𝑊=� � 𝑃1 𝑉1 �� � − 1�, n = polytropic index
𝑛−1 𝑃1
𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑃2 𝑛
𝑊=� � 𝑚𝑅𝑇1 �� � − 1� For double acting
𝑛−1 𝑃1
air compressors
𝑛 multiply the
𝑊=� � (𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1 )
𝑛−1 work input by 2
This is also known as indicated work input per cycle.
𝑃
For isothermal process, W = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 � 2 �
𝑃1
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 (𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒)
𝑃𝑚 =
𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
Indicated power (IP) = 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 ∗ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑁
= 𝑃𝑚 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ ∗𝑛
60
‘n=1 for single acting compressor, ‘n=2 for double acting compressor
Or
𝑁
IP = 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 ∗ ∗ 𝑛, 𝑛 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
60
Mechanical Efficiency
𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
=
𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Isothermal efficiency
Single stage Compressor, Equation for work input with clearance volume
𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑃2 𝑛
𝑊=� � 𝑃1 (𝑉1 − 𝑉4 ) �� � − 1�, n = polytropic index
𝑛−1 𝑃1
𝑉𝐶
Clearance Ratio, 𝐶 =
𝑉𝑆
Or
𝑃1 𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏 (𝑉1 − 𝑉4 )
(𝑉1 − 𝑉4 )𝑎𝑚𝑏 =
𝑃𝑎𝑚𝑏 𝑇1
1
𝑃1 𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏 𝑃2 𝑛
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 (𝐹𝐴𝐷) = �1 + 𝐶 − 𝐶 � � �
𝑃𝑎𝑚𝑏 𝑇1 𝑃1
Multistage Compression
For minimum work input to the compressor of a two stage air compressor, Pressure ratio in
each stages are same,
𝑃2 𝑃3
= 𝑜𝑟 𝑃2 = �𝑃1 𝑃3
𝑃1 𝑃2
For 2 stage,
𝑛−1
2𝑛 𝑃2 𝑛
𝑊= 𝑃1 𝑉1 �� � − 1�
𝑛−1 𝑃1
Or
𝑛−1
2𝑛 𝑃3 2𝑛
𝑊= 𝑃1 𝑉1 �� � − 1�
𝑛−1 𝑃1
𝑛−1
𝑥𝑛 𝑃𝑥+1 𝑥𝑛
Or 𝑊= 𝑃𝑉 �� � − 1�
𝑛−1 1 1 𝑃1