GRADO EN INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

Ingeniería de Fluidos

Tema 5. Compresión de gases:

Compresión escalonada
 MINIMUM COMPRESSION WORK
𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑃ν = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.
4 3
PD MAXIMUM COMPRESSION WORK
𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐: 𝑃νγ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.
Pressure

“extra work”

PA
1 2

V4 V1 Volume V2
1
γ γ −1
γ γ 𝑅𝑇𝐴 𝑅𝑇𝐷 𝑃𝐴 γ
𝑃𝐴 ν𝐴 = 𝑃𝐷 ν𝐷 ; 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝐷 ; 𝑇𝐷 = 𝑇𝐴
𝑃𝐴 𝑀 𝑃𝐷 𝑀 𝑃𝐷

higher r = higher gas heating

Effects of gas heating during compression:
• More work required (gas tends to expand)
• Lube oil damage
• Increased leaks
• Higher maintainance costs

• Additionally uptaken volume is lower for high

compression ratios
1
𝑃𝐷 𝑛 𝑚3
𝑉2 − 𝑉1 = 𝑉ℎ 1 + 𝑐 − 𝑐 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑃𝐴

Multistage compression
r < 4-5
 P´D 4´
3´

4 3
PD
Lower intake
for higher
Pressure

compression
ratio

PA
1 1´ 2
Volume
V4 V1 V´1 V2
 Ideal multistage compression (e.g. 3 stages)
Q Q

𝑃𝐴1 𝑃𝐷1 𝑃𝐴2 𝑃𝐷2 𝑃𝐴3 𝑃𝐷3

𝑇𝐴1 𝑇𝐷1 𝑇𝐴1 𝑇𝐷2 𝑇𝐴1 𝑇𝐷3

ideal isothermal compression

PD3 one-stage adiabatic compression

“saved” work
PA3 = PD2

PA2 = PD1

PA1

V
 Compression work (s stages)
Q Q
.....
𝑃𝐴1 𝑃𝐷1 𝑃𝐴𝑠 𝑃𝐷𝑠
𝑇𝐴1 𝑇𝐷1 𝑇𝐴1 𝑇𝐷𝑠
𝑃𝐷𝑠 𝑃𝐷𝑖
𝑟𝑇 = ; 𝑟𝑖 =
𝑃𝐴1 𝑃𝐴𝑖
𝑠

𝑊𝑇 = 𝑊𝑖
𝑖=1
𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑅𝑇𝐴 𝑃𝐷 𝑛 𝐽
𝑊𝐶 = −1 𝑘𝑔
𝑛−1 𝑀 𝑃𝐴
𝑛−1 𝑛−1 𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑅𝑇𝐴 𝑃𝐷1 𝑛 𝑃𝐷2 𝑛 𝑃𝐷𝑠 𝑛 𝐽
𝑊𝑇 = + + ⋯+ −𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑛−1 𝑀 𝑃𝐴1 𝑃𝐴1 𝑃𝐴𝑠
 Compression work (s stages)
How to calculate the compression ratio in each stage?

𝑃𝐷1 𝑃𝐷2 𝑃𝐷𝑠

𝑊𝑇 = 𝑓 , ,…, = 𝑓 𝑟1 , 𝑟2 , … , 𝑟𝑠
𝑃𝐴1 𝑃𝐴2 𝑃𝐴𝑠

𝜕𝑊𝑇
=0
𝜕𝑟1
….. 𝑊𝑇 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟1 = 𝑟2 = ⋯ = 𝑟𝑠
𝜕𝑊𝑇
=0
𝜕𝑟𝑠 𝑃𝐷1 𝑃𝐷2 𝑃𝐷3 𝑃𝐷𝑠−1 𝑃𝐷𝑠 𝑃𝐷𝑠
𝑟𝑇 = ∙ ∙ …∙ ∙ =
𝑃𝐴1 𝑃𝐴2 𝑃𝐴3 𝑃𝐴𝑠−1 𝑃𝐴𝑠 𝑃𝐴1
𝑠 1
𝑟𝑇 = 𝑟𝑖 ; 𝑟𝑇 = 𝑟 𝑠 ; 𝑟= 𝑟𝑇𝑠
𝑖=1
 Compression work (s stages)

𝑛 𝑅𝑇𝐴 𝑛−1 𝑛−1 𝑛−1 𝐽

𝑊𝑇 = 𝑟1 𝑛 + 𝑟2 𝑛 + ⋯ + 𝑟𝑠 𝑛 − 𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑛−1 𝑀

𝑟1 = 𝑟2 = ⋯ = 𝑟𝑠 = 𝑟

𝑠 𝑛 𝑅𝑇𝐴 𝑛−1 𝐽
𝑊𝑇 = 𝑟 𝑛 −1 𝑘𝑔
𝑛−1 𝑀

1
𝑟= 𝑟𝑇𝑠
𝑠 𝑛 𝑅𝑇𝐴 𝑛−1 𝐽
𝑊𝑇 = 𝑟𝑇 𝑠 𝑛 − 1 𝑘𝑔
𝑛−1 𝑀