Venus B.

Dorado BSCS – 3A CMSC 101 Networks and Communication

The OSI or Open Systems Interconnection Model is a theoretical framework

that defines the roles of the networking or telecommunication system independently

from the fundamental technology infrastructure. In short, the OSI is a reference model

for how applications communicate over network. The OSI model is divided into seven

layers namely: (1) physical, (2) data link, (3) network, (4) transport, (5) session, (6)

presentation, and (7) application. The main purpose of the model is to make networks

more manageable and to aid the problem of moving data between computers as well

as to guide technology entrepreneurs and developers.

The OSI Seven – Layer Model

Accredited:
Member:
7
Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 The first or the lowest layer of the OSI model is the physical layer. It is concerned
with data connection in the form of electrical, optic or electromagnetic signals physically
Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
transmitting data. The areas of function the physical includes: electrical and physical systems
(cables size, signal frequencies and voltages), hardware including antennas, cables, modem,
repeaters or hub. The second layer is the data link, it concerns data transmission between the
nodes within a network and manages the connections between physically linked devices such
as switches. It is also divided into two sublayers namely: logical link control (LLC) which is
responsible for flow and error controls and the media access control (MAC) which is
responsible for managing access and permissions to transmit data between the network nodes.
The network is the third layer of the model, it categorizes and transmits data between
numerous networks. Its purposes include encapsulation, and fragmentation, congestion
controls and error handling. The fourth layer is the transport wherein it guarantees complete
and consistent delivery of data packets. It also offers mechanisms like flow control, error
control and congestion control. The fifth layer of the OSI model is the session, it manages
sessions between servers to coordinate communications. HTTPs is one of the examples of
session. Some of the common session protocols contains: RPC, PPTP, SCP and SDP.
Presentation is the sixth layer of the OSI model also called as syntax layer, in which it
converts data formats between applications and the networks. It is responsible for data
conversion, character code translation, data compression and encryption & decryption. The
last and the highest layer is the application, it concerns the networking processes at the
application level. Common application layer protocols includes File Transfer Protocol (FTP),
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and Domain Name System (DNS).

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)