STATISTICS

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

1. Req. mean 13. Sum of n observations = n x

sum of (n – 4) observations = k
a  (a  d)  (a  2d)  ......  {a  (n  1)d}
= sum of remaining 4 observations = n x – k
n
nx  k
req. mean =
n 4
[a  a  (n  1)d]
2 (n  1)d
 a  16.  f i x i = 5 + 8 + 3f + 8 + 15 = 3f + 36
n 2
f i = 5 + 4 + f + 2 + 3 = f + 14
x 1  x 2  ....  x n fi x i
5.  x ...(i) Mean 
n fi
 Req. sum = (x 1– x ) + (x 2– x ) + .... +(x n– x )
3f  36
= (x 1 + x 2 + ... + x n) – n x  2.6 =
f  14
= nx – nx = 0 (from eq. (i))
 f = 1
6. Let new term is x 20. Let the no. of boys and girls are n 1 and n 2 resp.,
9  15  x then
  16
10 65n 1  55n 2
 61
 x = 25 n1  n 2
 4n 1 = 6n 2
1  2  3  ......  n n  7
7.    n1 : n 2 = 3 : 2
n 3
24. Let x1, x2, .... x n1 and y 1, y 2, .... y n 2 are two
n 1 n 7 series of size n 1 and n 2 resp.
 
2 3
G 1  (x1  x 2  ....  x n1 )1 / n1 ...(1)
 n = 11
 n  G 2  (y 1  y 2  ....  y n 2 )1 / n 2 ...(2)
3  14  2  18
8. Req. mean=
5
 15.6   x  nx 
 i 1 i 
  1

x  (x  2)  (x  4 )  (x  6)  (x  8) and G  [(x 1  x 2 ...  x n1 )  (y 1  y 2 ...y n 2 )] n1  n 2

9.   11
5
G  (G 1n1  G 2n2 )1 / n1  n2 [from (1) & (2)]
5 x  20
  11
5 n 1 log G 1  n 2 log G 2
 log G 
 x = 7 n1  n 2

11  13  15 28. Let the distance between home and school = S km

 Req. mean =  13
3 S
time consumed to reach school from home = hr..
11. Sum of the 50 observations = 36× 50 = 1800 x
time consumed to reach home from school
Two observations 30 and 42 are deleted
= S/y hr.
Sum of the remaining 48 observations total covered distance
Average speed = time consume to covered total distance
= 1800 – [30 + 42] = 1728

1728 SS 2 2xy

Req. mean = = 36 = = = km/hr..
48 S S 1 1 xy
 
x y x y
31. We arranged the value of variate x i in ascending 2
order with their frequencies 1 1 
45.  S.D. = x 2i   x i 
n n 
xi 3 6 7 10 12 15
So, S.D. of first n natural numbers
c.f. 3 7 20 22 30 40 2
1 1 
Here N = 40 (even) = n 2   n 
n n 
N  N  2
 2  th term   2  1  th term 1 n(n  1) (2n  1)  1 n(n  1) 
 Median =     = .  . 
2 n 6 n 2 

(20)th term  (21)th term (n 1) (2n 1) (n 1)2 (n 1)(n 1)
= =  
2 6 4 12
7  10 n2  1
= = 8.5 =
2 12
35. First we changed the classes into continuous form, 46. Given observations 112, 116, 120, 125, 132
we have x i 605
x   121
Class 0.5–10.5 10.5–20.5 20.5–30.5 30.5–40.5 40.5–50.5 n 5
fi 5 7 8 6 4 (x i – x ) 2 = 81 + 25 + 1 + 16 + 121 = 244
Here model class is 20.5 – 30.5 (x i  x) 2 244
 2    48.8
(f0  f1 ) n 5
 Mode =  + h 49. Given series a, a + d, a + 2d, .... , a + 2nd
(2f0  f1  f2 )
(2n  1)
(8  7) [a  a  2nd]
= 20.5 + × 10 = 23.83 x  2  a  nd
(16  7  6) (2n  1)
1  0  4 (x i – x ) 2 = n 2d2 + (1 – n)2d2 + .... + d2 + 0 + d 2
40.  x = = 1
3 + .... + n 2 d 2
2 2 2 2 2
= 2[n d + (n – 1) d + .... + d ]
|x i – x | = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6
= 2d 2 [n 2 + (n – 1) 2 + ...... + 1 2 ]
1 1 n(n  1) (2n  1) n(n  1) (2n  1) 2
Mean deviation = |x i – x | =
× 6 = 2  2d 2   d
n 3 6 3
41. First we arranged the observations in ascending (x i  x) 2 n(n  1) 2
order  Variance   d
2n  1 3
34, 38, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 55, 63, 70
Here n = 10 (even) (x i  x )2
55.  
n n  n
 2  th term   2  1  th term ax  b  a  b
    Let yi  i    xi 
 Median (M) = c
2 c c
46  48 a  b a
=  47  y   x   y1  y  (x i  x )
2 c c c
 |x i – M| = 13+9+5+3+1+1+7+8+16 + 23 = 86 (y i  y )2
 Mean deviation from Median  Req. S.D. =
n
 xi  M
=  8.6  a2 
n   2 (x i  x)2 
c  = a (x i  x)2 a
x a =  
44. Here u   n c n c
h h
 S.D. is not depend on change of origin but it is
depend on change of scale.
x
 u 
h
EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS
16. On arranging the values in the ascending order
12  2 2  3 2      n 2 46n
2.   7 5 1 1
n 11  – ,  – 3,  – ,  – 2,  – ,  + ,
2 2 2 2
n(n  1) (2n  1) 46n
 =  + 4,  + 5 (  > 0)
6n 11 Here number of observations n = 8 (even)
 11(n + 1) (2n + 1) = 276n
 22n 2 – 243n + 11 = 0 1  n  n  
 (n – 11) (22n – 1) = 0 Median =   th obser.    1 th obser.
2  2  2 
1
 n = 11  n 
22 1   1 5
3. Let the weights of each natural number is W, then = (   2)       =  –
2  2  4
1  W  2  W  .......  n  W 1 7 . For S.D. of first n odd natural numbers
weighted Mean =
W  W  .......  W 1, 3, 5, .... , (2n – 1)
W x i = 1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + (2n – 1) = n 2
n(n  1) x i 2 = 1 2 + 3 2 + 5 2 + .... + (2n – 1) 2
 2  n 1
= [1 + 2 2 + 3 2 + .... + (2n) 2] – [2 2 + 4 2 + .... + (2n) 2 ]
2
nW 2
= [1 + 2 2 + 3 2 + ... + (2n) 2 ] – 2 2[1 2 + 2 2 + ... + n 2 ]
7. Let x1, x2, ---- xn are n positive numbers such that
x 1 × x 2 × ---- × x n = 1 ...(1) 2n(2n  1) (4n  1) n(n  1) (2n  1)
 4.
 A.M. > G.M. 6 6
x1  x 2      x n n(2n  1)
So > (x 1 × x 2 × ---- × x n ) 1/n = [(4n + 1) – 2(n + 1)]
n 3

 x 1 + x 2 + .......+ x n > n by (1) n(2n  1) (2n  1) n(4n 2  1)

= 
3 3
8.  T n = (2n – 1) (2n + 1) (2n + 3) 2
Sn Tn 1 x 2i  x 
 Req. S.D. =  i
Req. A.M. = = = [(8n3+12n2 – 2n – 3)] n  n 
n n n
1 4n 2  1 n2  1
= [8n3 + 12n 2 – 2n – 3] =  n2 
n 3 3
= 2n 3 + 8n 2 + 7n – 2
x 1  x 2  .....  x n
2 2 2 19. Let x
x  x  x n
11.   i
  i  i
 x2
n  n  n
(x 1  1)  (x 2  2)  .....  (x n  n)
 x i2 = n( 2 + x 2 ) New Mean =
n
x 1  x 2  .....  x 10
13.   20 ...(1) (x 1  x 2  .....  x n ) (1  2  .....  n) n 1
10   x
n n 2
(x 1  4)  (x 2  8)  ...  (x 10  40) x1  x 2  x 3      x n
Req. mean = 20.  = x ...(i)
10
n
(x 1  x 2  ....  x 10 ) 4(1  2  ....  10) When x 2 is replaced by  then
= 
10 10 x1    x 3      x n
= 20 + 22 = 42 [by eq. (1)] New Mean =
n
0  1  1 nC 1  2 nC 2  .......  n nC n
14. W.M.  (x 1  x 2  x 3      x n )    x 2 nx    x 2
1  nC 1  nC 2  .......  nC n = = by (i)
n n
n
n 21.  G 1 = (x 1 × x 2 × .... × x n ) 1/n
n n
1  C 1  2  C 2  .......  n  C n n  r. C
r 1
r
and G 2 = (y 1 × y 2 × .... × y n ) 1/n
 n
 1/ n
C 0  nC1  .......  nC n 2n  x1 x 2 x 
 G =    .......  n 
n n  y1 y2 yn 
n
 r. .n 1 C r 1 n  .n 1 C r 1
 r 1
r
 r 1

n.2 n 1 n

 x 1  x 2  ......  x n 1 / n 
G1
2n 2n 2n =
2  y 1  y 2  ......  y n 1 / n G2
24. Let man spends x Rs. on purchasing each kind of 38. Let the number of terms of two series are n 1 and
pens at the rate 5 Rs/pen, 10 Rs/pen, 20 Rs/pen n 2 whose means are x 1 and x 2 resp.
Total cos t n 1 x1  n 2 x 2
Average cost =  x
no. of total pens n1  n 2
xxx 3 60 n 2 (x 2  x1 )
=   Rs/pen Now x – x1 = > 0 ( x 2> x 1)
x x x 1 1 1 7 (n 1  n 2 )
   
5 10 20 5 10 20  x > x1 ...(i)
n 1 (x 1  x 2 )
x i  25 Again x – x 2 = < 0 ( x 1< x 2)
27. Here N = 10, u i  (n 1  n 2 )
10
 x < x2 ...(ii)
 f i u i=1 × (–2) + 3 × (–1) + 4 × 0 + 2 × 1 =–3
and, f iu i2 = 1 × 4 + 3 × 1 + 4 × 0 + 2 × 1 = 9 by (i) & (ii) x 1 < x < x 2
40. Arrange the given observations in ascending order
2
fi u  f u 
2 2 40, 54, 62, 68, 76, 90
h i
 i i 9  3 
= 10  9 no. of terms (n) = 6 (even)
N  N  10  10   Median (M)
2 9 . Let the set of n observations x 1, x 2, ...... x n n n 
x i  2  th term   2  1  th term 62  68
 x =    
=  65
n 2 2
|x i – M| = 25 + 11 + 3 + 3 + 11 + 25 = 78
x 
  i  10   xi  M
Mean of new set =    1 x i 10n x  10  78
   M.D. from median =   13
n  n n  n 6
3 0 . Let the age of each student is x years M.D. 13
 Coefficient of M.D. =   0.2
then the age of teacher is (x + 20) years median 65
(x  20)  3x 41. Here n 1 = 10, x 1= 5,  1 = 2 6 (for I group)
= 20  x = 15
4 n2 = 20, x 2= 5, 2 = 3 2 (for II group)
Hence age of the teacher = 35 years S.D. of combined group
32. Here number of terms = n + 1 (odd) n 1 12  n 2 22 n1 n 2
  (x 1  x 2 ) 2
 n  2 n  n1  n 2 (n 1  n 2 )2
 Median =   th term =   1 th term = 2nC n/2
2  2 10  24  20  18
3 3 .  M.D. from mean of the series  0 ( x 1  x 2 )
30
n(n  1)
a, a + d, a + 2d, .... , a + 2nd is M.D.  d  20  2 5
2n  1
42. Since mean deviation is minimum when it is taken
for given series 5, 10, 15, ..... , 85
by median, so here K is median of given
a = 5, d = 5, a+ 2nd = 85 i.e. n = 8
observations.
89
 M.D. = × 5 = 21.17  n 1
17 K = median =   th observation
3 5 .  S.D. of the A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d, ..... a + 2nd 2 
= 51 th observation
n(n  1)  K = x 51
S.D. = | d|
3
Given numbers 31, 32, 33, ...... 47 are in A.P.  (x i  x ) 2  | x i  x|
43. S.D. = and M.D. =
Here a = 31, d = 1 and a + 2nd = 47 i.e. n=8 n n
let | x i  x| = y i
8 9
 S.D. = 1  2 6
3 i.e. (x i  x)2 = | x i  x|2 = y i2
2
36. Given (x i – x ) 2 = 250, n = 10, x = 50  (x i  x) 2   | x i  x|
Now (S.D.) 2 – (M.D.) 2 =  
1 1 n  n
  =  (x i  x) 2 =
 250 = 5 2
n 10 y 2  y 
Hence coefficient of variation = i   i  =  y2 > 0
n n
 5 ( 2 is non negative and all values are not same)
= × 100 = × 100 = 10%  (S.D.) 2 – (M.D.) 2 > 0
x 50
 S.D. > M.D.
EXERCISE - 03 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION
2. Given n = 15, x = 170, x 2 = 2830 2n(n  1)(2n  1)
Since one observation 20 was found be wrong and =
3
it replaced by its correct value 30 Variance of first n even natural numbers
correct sum of observation = 170 – 20 + 30 = 180 2
correct sum of squares of obsorvations x 2i  x i 
2 = 
= 2830 – 20 2 + 30 2 = 3330 n  n 
2 2(n  1)(2n  1) n2  1
3330  180  = – (n + 1) 2 =
The correct variance =    78 3 3
15  15  So, statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true.
6. Number of observations = 2n 14.  M.D. of A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d, .... a + 2nd
and observations are about mean is
a, a, ----- n times, –a, –a, ---- n times
n(n  1)
na  ( na ) M.D. = d
Here x  0 2n  1
2n given numbers 1, 1 + d, 1 + 2d, .... 1 + 100d are
in A.P. and its M.D. is 255.
(x i  x) 2 x 2i
 S.D.=   x = 0  Here a = 1, 2nd = 100 d i.e. n = 50
n 2n 50  51
 d  255  d = 10.1
2na 2 101
2 = = |a| ( S.D. = 2) 1 5 . Here n1 = n2 = 5, 12 = 4, 22 = 5, x 1 = 2, x 2=4
2n
10. Population A has 100 obser 101, 102, ..... 200 Variance of combined set
and variance V A. n 2  n 2 22 n1 n2
2  1 1  (x 1  x 2 )2
Population B has 100 obser. 151, 152, ..... 250 n1  n 2 (n 1  n 2 )2
i.e. (101 + 50), (102 + 50), ..... (200 + 50) and 5 4 5 5 5 5
variance V B   (2  4)2  9  1  11
(5  5) (5  5) 2 2 2
 Variance is independent of change of origin. 1 6 . Mediam = 25.5 a
VA xi : a 2a 3a ............. 50 a
i.e. VB = V A |x i – M| : 24.5a 23.5a ................... 24.5a
 VB = 1
11. Let number of boys and girls are n 1 and n 2 resp.  |xi – M| = [24.5a + 23.5 a + ...... + 0.5 a +
0.5 a + ...... + 24.5a]
n x  n 2 x2 52n 1  42n 2
 x 1 1  50  = 2a [0.5 + 1.5 + ...... + 24.5]
n1  n 2 n1  n 2
 n 1 = 4n 2 ...(1)  |x i – M| = 25 × 25 a
n1 25  25a
 Percentage of boys = n  n × 100 = 80 M. D. =
1 2 50
[using (1)] 25  25a
x i 50 =  a = 4
12.  x 50
n x
a  b  8  5  10 17. x  mean  i
  6  a + b = 7 ...(1) n
5 mean of x i is given as 30 gm
x 2i If each data is increased by some number
and  x 2  2 (i.e. 2) the mean is also increased by 2.
n
i.e. corrected mean = 30 + 2 = 32 gm
a 2  b 2  64  25  100
 – 36 = 6.8  xi  x
2
5  = standard deviation =
2 2
 a + b = 25 ...(2) n
On solving equation (1) & (2) a = 4, b = 3 or standard deviation does not depend on change of
a = 3, b = 4 origin so if every data is increased by same number
13. Sum of first n even natural numbers (i.e. 2) then standard deviation remains same.
x i = 2 + 4 + 6 + ..... + 2n So the corrected standard deviation = 2gm.
= 2[1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n] = n(n + 1)
Sum of square of first n even natural numbers
x2i = 2 2 + 4 2 + 6 2 + ....... + (2n) 2
= 2 2 [1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + .... + n 2 ]