JKFKBKM

F@I^LU IL@IKS\^ L^LI^OKB

CO^\^\I @BLM8 FLB@JU@F ;

L\IOFL IKOIGG@BKI8 D5M515511

JLQBOI SQOK _@BKICK 8

D5M515515 K\BO_K HKIIKSK QOXFO

8 D5M5155>1 H\BOSK KSQO G\CKQJK

8 D5M515543

^QO WOCOKISO 8 D5M5155=3

KIO^K TKCLBK 8 D5M515575

UQLIGFO ^KU\SQK 8

D5M5155<;

C`sli Uljaojaoig8

Iurbkobo,^.^`s.,J.Fls Flbks8 OO. A

UQ@CO C> FLULQKWKSKI

DKF\BSK^ JKSLJKSOFKI CKI OBJ\ ULIGLSKM\KI

KBKJ
\IOTLQ^OSK^ ALIGF\B\
151;
o
 FKSK ULIGKISKQ

Uuho syufur plilboto pkihktfki flpkck Kbbkm ^WS fkrlik alrfkt rkmjkt cki mockyk-Iyk
kfmoriyk ckpkt jliylblskofki pliyusuiki jkfkbkm ykig alrhucub ‒f`islp il`iktls lslisokb‚.
Jkfkbkm oio cotubos slakgko tugks jktk fubokm flplrkwktki kikf co C> Flplrkwktki co

\iovlrsotks Aligfubu. Uliyusuiki jkfkbkm oio tockf tlrblpks ckro aojaoigki cki akituki ckro
 alrakgko pomkf. @blm fkrlik otu pliubos jligunkpfki tlrojkfksom ykig slalskr-alskriyk flpkck
ykig tlrm`rjkt8

;. Iurbkobo,^.^`s.,J.Fls slbkfu pljaojaoig kfkcljof ykig tlbkm akiykf jljalrofki

 pligkrkmki cki aojaoigki slmoiggk jkfkbkm oio ckpkt co slblskofki.
1. Flpkck tljki-tljki ykig tlbkm jljalrofki cufuigki cki skrki sltk frotof
slmoiggk jkfkbkm oio ckpkt co slblskofki tlpkt wkftu.

Uliubos jliykckro akmwk jkfkbkm oio jksom furkig ckro flsljpurikki, `blm fkrlik otu

 pliubos jligmkrkpfki frotof cki skrki ykig jljakigui cljo flsljpurikki jkfkbkm oio.

Kfmor fktk pliubos alrmkrkp slj`gk jkfkbkm oio ckpkt alrjkidkkt akgo fotk sljuk.

Aligfubu, 1< Kgustus 151;

oo
 CKDSKQ O^O

MKBKJKI H\C\B ...........................................................................................................................................o

FKSK ULIGKISKQ ........................................................................................................................................oo

CKDSKQ O^O .........................................................................................................................................................ooo

AKA O ULICKM\B\KI ...................................................................................................................................;

k. Bktkr Albkfkig .......................................................................................................................................;

 a. Suhuki Uliuboski ....................................................................................................................................1
n. Qujuski Jkskbkm ..................................................................................................................................1
c. Jkidkkt ....................................................................................................................................................1

AKA OO ULJAKMK^KI ....................................................................................................................................>

k. F`islp Il`iktus Lslisokb ..................................................................................................................>

 a. Jljplrtkmkifki ^tktus Ulrikdkski AAB .........................................................................................3
n. Jljplrtkmkifki Slrj`rlgubkso ........................................................................................................=
c. Jljplrtkmkifki Iutroso AAB ...........................................................................................................?
l. Ulinlgkmki Oidlfso AAB ......................................................................................................................;<
d. Ksflp AAB ..............................................................................................................................................;4

AKA OOO ULI\S\U .............................................................................................................................................15

k. Flsojpubki .............................................................................................................................................15
 a. ^krki

................................................................................................................................................
15

CKDSKQ U\^SKFK ..........................................................................................................................................1;

ooo
 AKA O

ULICKM\B\K

K. Bktkr Albkfkig
Flslmktki jlrupkfki oivlstkso ckro sltokp `rkig uituf jlihkbkifki flmocupkiiyk
cki flslmktki jlrupkfki fuino uituf mocup pr`cuftod. Jliurut \ickig-\ickig I`
>4 tkmui 155?, Flslmktki kckbkm flkckki slmkt, akof slnkrk dosof, jlitkb,
sprotukb jkupui s`sokb ykig jljuigfoifki sltokp `rkig uituf mocup pr`cuftod
slnkrk s`sokb cki lf`i`jos. Jlihkjoi flslmktki wkrgkiyk jlrupkfki tkigguig
hkwka pljlroitkm slsuko cligki kjkikt \ickig-\ickig Ckskr ;?3<, jubko ckro
kikf- kikf skjpko bkisok cki fkyk ktku josfoi pljlroitkm wkhoa jlihkjoi
tlrslcokiyk plbkykiki flslmktki. Kikf-kikf jlrupkfki jksk clpki ckro
suktu akigsk cki plilrus
 pljakiguiki, `blm fkrlik otu jlihkgk flslmktki mkrus cobkfufki slcoio
juigfoi

ykotu slhkf akyo akmfki fltofk skig akyo jksom ckbkj fkicuigki.
Flslmktki akyo mkrus coutkjkfki fkrlik jlrlfk jlrupkfki kslt ckro suktu akigsk
 hkco flslmktkiiyk mkrus tlrus copkitku slhkf ckbkj fkicuigki kgkr ckpkt
tujaum jlihkco kikf ykig alrfukbotks. Ikjui, plrjkskbkmki flslmktki kikf jksom
skigkt
 alskr cki kigfk fljktoki akyo co Oic`ilsok jksom skigkt toiggo. Kigfk
Fljktoki Akyo (KFA) kckbkm hujbkm fljktoki akyo ckbkj usok furkig ckro skru
tkmui plr ;555 flbkmorki mocup. Cktk ^urvlo Clj`grkdo cki Flslmktki Oic`ilsok
(^CFO) tkmui 15;1 jliuihuffki akmwk fljktoki kikf kckbkm >1 fljktoki plr
;.555 flbkmorki mocup. Mksob ^urvlo Ulicucuf Kitkr ^lisus (^\UK^) ckbkj
Ur`dob Flslmktki Oic`ilsok tkmui 15;< jliuihuffki KFA co Oic`ilsok slalskr
11,1> plr ;.555 flbkmorki mocup. Jlsfopui slalikriyk kigfk oio suckm
jlinkpko tkrglt Jobbliouj Clvlb`pjlit G`kb‟s (JCG‟s) Oic`ilsok ykotu 1>
plr ;.555 flbkmorki ikjui kigfkiyk   skigkt
 alrvkrokso co sltokp pr`voiso cki cklrkm.

;
A. Suhuki Uliuboski Jkfkbkm

;. Jlihlbksfki f`islp il`iktls lslisokb

1. Akgkojkik jljplrtkmkifki stktus plrikdkski AAB
>. Akgkojkik jjljplrtkmkifki tmlrj`rlgubkso
3. Akgkojkik jljplrtkmkifki iutroso AAB
<. Akgkojkik plinlgkmki oidlfso AAB

N. Jkidkkt Uliuboski Jkfkbkm

;. Uljaknk ckpkt jljkmkjo f`islp il`iktls lslisokb

1. Jlikjakm pligltkmuki tlitkig jljplrtmkifki stktus plrikdkski AAB
>. Uljaknk ckpkt jljkmkjo nkrk jljplrtkmkifki tlrj`rlgubkso
3. Uljaknk ckpkt jligltkmuo akgkojkik jljplrtkmkifki iutroso AAB
<. Uljaknk ckpkt jljkmkjo plinlgkmki oidlfso AAB

1
;. Uliglrtoki il`iktus

 Il`iktus kckbkm akyo ykig bkmor cligki alrkt bkmor kitkrk 1<55 „ 3555
grkj, nufup aubki, bkmor bkigsuig jlikigos, cki tockf kck flbkoiki
n`igliotkb (nknkt
 akwkki) ykig alrkt (J. ^m`blm 1557 ckbkj Jkrjo cki Fufum 15;1). Il`iktus plrbu
jliylsukofki coro ckro flmocupki oitrkutlroil fl flmocupki lfstrkutlroi. Sogk
dkft`r ykig jljligkrumo plruakmki duigso oio ykotu jkturkso, kckptkso cki
t`blrkiso. Jkturkso jljplrsokpfki dltus uituf trkisoso ckro flmocupki oitrkutlroil fl
flmocupki lfstrkutlroi cki oio alrmuauigki blaom lrkt cligki jksk glstkso
coakicoigfki cligki
 alrkt akcki bkmor. Kckptkso coplrbufki `blm il`iktus uituf ckpkt tltkp mocup
ckbkj boigfuigki akru ykig coakicoigfki cligki boigfuigki slbkjk jlihkco
dltus, furkig jliylikigfki. S`blrkiso ykfio fljkjpuki tuaum alrtkmki tlrmkckp
f`icoso-f`icoso kai`rjkb slplrto mop`fsok, mop`gbofljok, cki plruakmki pM ykig
crkjktos cojkik

dktkb akgo `rkig clwksk tltkpo tockf akgo akyo. S`blrkiso cki kckptkso alrakicoig
tlrakbof aobk coakicoigfki cligki jkturkso. Jkfoi jktur il`iktus, jkfoi
akof 
kckptksoiyk tltkpo jkfoi furkig t`blrkisoiyk (Mksski Q, 155<)

k. Skick-tkick il`iktus i`rjkb

Skick-tkick il`iktus i`rjkb kckbkm kpplkrkinl n`b`r (wkrik fubot) slburum

tuaum fljlrkmki, pubsl (cliyut hkituig) 9;55 x/jliot, grojknl (rlkfso
tlrmkckp rkigskigki) jlikigos/aktuf/alrsoi, kntovoty (t`ius `t`t) glrkfki kftod,
rlsporkto`i (uskmk ikdks) akyo jlikig os fukt. (J`nmtkr ;??= ckbkj Qufoykm 15;1).
Flmkigktki tockf tlrbkbu pkiks (blaom ckro >=5N) ktku tlrbkbu coigoi (furkig ckro
>45N), wkrik fuioig pkck fubot (tockf pkck f`ihuigtovk), tlrhkco pkck mkro fl-1
skjpko fl-> tockf 
 aoru, punkt, jljkr. Ukck skkt coalro jkfki, moskpki fukt, tockf jligkituf
alrblaomki, tockf juitkm. Sockf hugk tlrbomkt tkick-tkick oidlfso slplrto tkbo puskt
jlrkm, aligfkf, flbukr nkorki, alraku ausuf, alrckrkm. Ckpkt alrfljom slbkjk 13
hkj, toihk bljalf, slroig mohku tuk, tockf kck blicor ktku ckrkm pkck toihk, akyo
>
 tockf jliggogob ktku tkigoski fukt, cki tockf tlrckpkt tkick8 bljks, jligkituf,
buigbko, flhkigflhkig mkbus tockf aosk tlikig, jlikigos tlrus-jlilrus (Urkwor`mkrch`
1551 ckbkj Qufoykm 15;1).

 a. Frotlrok Il`iktus I`rjkb

>
 Akyo akru bkmor ckpkt cofbksodofksofki slakgko i`rjkb jliurut Jkrjo (15;<)
kpkaobk jljliumo frotlrok slakgko alrofut8

 Alrkt akcki bkmor akyo 1<55-3555 grkj.

 Ukihkig akcki akyo 3=-<1 nj.

 Boigfkr ckck akyo >5->= nj.

 Boigfkr flpkbk akyo >>->< nj

 Drlfuliso hkituig ;=5 fkbo/jliot, fljucoki turui skjpko ;15-;35 fkbo/ jliot pkck
skkt akyo alrujur >5 jliot

 nlpkt pkck jliot-jliot plrtkjk fork-fork 45 fkbo/jliot, fljucoki jliurui fork-

fork 35 fkbo/jliot

  Fubot fljlrkmki-jlrkmki cki bonoi fkrlik hkroigki suanutki nufup tlralituf cki
cobkposo vlriofs fksl`sk.

  Qkjaut bkiug` suckm mobkig, rkjaut flpkbk tujaum akof.

  Fufu kgkf pkihkig cki bljks

 Gliltkbok 8 Slstos suckm turui (Ukck akyo bkfo-bkfo) cki bkaok jky`rk tlbkm jliutupo
bkaok joi`rk (Ukck akyo plrljpuki)

 Qldblfs oskp, jlilbki, grkps cki j`r` tlbkm tlralituf cligki akof.

 Lbojoikso, uroi cki jlf`iouj i`rjkbiyk flbukr pkck 13 hkj plrtkjk.

Jlf`iouj jljobofo fkrkftlrostof motkj flmohkuki cki bligflt.

1. Jljplrtkmkifki stktus plrikdkski akyo akru bkmor

Ulro`cl il`iktkb jlrupkfki plro`cl trkisoso kitkrk flmocupki co ckbkj fkicuigki fl

flmocupki co bukr fkicuigki, plruakmki tlrslaut tlrhkco slnkrk crkstos. Ur`sls
pliylsukoki duigso`ikb il`iktus (akyo akru bkmor) ckro flmocupki co ckbkj fkicuigki fl
flmocupki co bukr fkicuigki coslaut kckptkso doso`b`gos. Kckpui plruakmki doso`b`gos jliurut
Byic`i (15;3), ykig tlrhkco pkck il`iktus tlrakgo slakgko alrofut8

k. ^ostlj Ulrikdkski
^ostlj plrikdkski pkck hkioi skkt co ckbkj fkicuigki jlickpktfki `fsogli ckro
 plrtufkrki gks jlbkbuo pbkslitk. ^ltlbkm akyo bkmor cki pbkslitk bkmor alrikdks jligguikfki pkru
3
 pkru. ^lalbuj hkioi bkmor jlbkfufki pljktkigki pkru-pkru, jligmksobfki surdkftki
cki jljpuiyko kbvl`bus slakgko plrtufkrki gks. Ulrikdkski plrtkjk pkck akyo i`rjkb tlrhkco
ckbkj wkftu ;5 cltof plrtkjk slsuckm bkmor. Qkigskigki glrkfki plrikdkski plrtkjk
tlrhkco fkrlik
 alalrkpk dkft`r, ykotu8


^tojubkso jlfkiof, ykotu fkrlik tlrckpkt r`iggk ckck pkck skkt jlblwkto hkbki
bkmor mkb tlrslaut jligkfoaktfki pkru pkru flmobkigki ;/> ckro nkorki ykig tlrckpkt
cobckbkjiyk, slmoiggk ;5 kfki tlrsosk =5-;55 jB ^ltlbkm akyo bkmor cki nkorki
tlrslaut kfki cogkito cligki uckrk.

 ^tojubkso fojokwo, ykotu pliuruiki fkckr `fsogli (ckro =5 fl ;<

jjMg), Flikofki fkckr fkra`i co`fsock (ckro 35 fl 75 jjMg) cki pliuruiki UM
ykig kfki jlrkigskig flj`rlslpt`r ykig tlrbltkf co soius fkr`tofus cki kfoaktiyk
kfki tlrhkco ksdofsok sljlitkrk slbkjk flbkmorki.

 ^tojubkso slis`rof ykotu kckiyk rkigskigki sumu coigoi pkck akyo pkck skkt
akyo jlioiggkbfki sukskik mkigkt pkck utlrus cki jljksufo uckrk bukr ykig
coigoi. Ulruakmki sumu ykig jlickckf oio kfki jlrkigskig ojpbus slis`ros co
fubot ykig fljucoki coskburfki fl puskt rlsporkso.

 Qldblfs cldbkso mlroig arlur Qldblfs jliglbukrfki nkorki ckbkj pkru-pkru ckpkt
jliylakafki akyo aktuf cki juitkm slmoiggk jligljakigfki hkroigki kbvl`bus
pkru-
 pkru uituf plrtkjk fkbo.

Fkrkftlrostof Ulrikpkski AAB (ili`iktus)

 Hkj„hkj plrtkjk slroig coslaut plro`cl rlkftovotks.

  Qlsporkso Qktl (QQ) AAB i`rjkb >5„45x/jliot tkpo flnlpktki cki flckbkjkiiyk
tockf tlrktur, ikdks ckpkt alrmlito skjpko 15 cltof, QQ aosk skjpko =5x/jliot.

 Ckpkt tlrhkco ikdks nupoig mocuig, rltrkfso ckck.

 a. ^ostlj fkrco`vksfublr

Jliobko v`bujl ckrkm pkck AAB subot. ^kkt cobkfufki fblj pkck tkbo
puskt tlrhkco plioigfktki v`bujl ckrkm ykig nlpkt slmoiggk jlilfki vksfubkroskso
<
hkituig cki pkru. AAB ckpkt jlihkco moplraoboruaoiljok slbkjk joiggu„joiggu
plrtkjk flmocupkiiyk slakgko mksob ckro pljlnkmki mlj`gb`aoi tkjakmki. ^orfubkso
plrodlr 

<
  pkck AAB kgkf bkjakt slmoiggk tlrhkco soki`sos rlsocukb pkck krlk tkigki, fkfo,
cki sorfuj`rkb AAB. Drlfuliso ikco nliclruig tockf stkaob, cki jligofuto p`bk
ykig slrupk cligki plrikpkski. Drlfuliso ikco i`rjkb ;15„;45 x/ jliot.

Fkrkftlrostof fkrco`vksfublr pkck AAB

 Hofk AAB jlikigos, Mlkrt Qktl (MQ) ckpkt jlinkpko ;=5 x/jliot, ikjui hofk AAB
tocur jkfk MQ turui jlihkco ;55 x/jliot. Ulruakmki sorfubkso jliylakafki ckrkm
jligkbor fl pkru„pkru.

 Ulruakmki tlfkiki co (pkru„pkru, hkituig, pljaubum ckrkm alskr)

jliylakafki jliutupiyk d`rkjli `vkbl, cuftus krtlro`sus, cuftus vli`sus.

 Oisporkso @1 jliylakafki vlik pubj`ikb cobktkso slmoiggk rlsostliso vksfublr co

 pubj`ikb jliurui (tlfkiki co ktrouj fkiki, vlitroflb fkiki, krtlro pubj`ikb jliurui
slmoiggk tlrhkco plioigfktki kborki ckrkm pubj`ikb)

 F`icoso ykig jljpligkrumo pliutupki cuftus8 plioigfktki f`islitrkso @1

ckbkj ckrkm, pliuruiki pr`stkgbkicoi (ckro pbkslitk), ksoc`sos (U@1 jliurui,
pM jliurui UN@1 jlioigfkt).

n. ^ostlj Ilur`b`gos

Kick mkrus jligfkho rldblx-rldblf doso`b`gos AAB fkrlik mkb oio plitoig slfkbo
uituf jligltkmuo rldblx pr`tlftod slplrto aboif, gkg, alrsoi, cki aktuf. Kick hugk mkrus
jligfkho ldlf rldblf projotovl AAB jlboputo8 r``toig/sunfoig, j`r`,stkrbl, t`ion
ilnf, stlppoig, kic

 pkbjkr/pbkitkr grkps( kick ckpkt jlbomkt nkrk pligfkhoki rldblf-rldblf doso`b`gos AAB)
Kick ckpkt jlbomkt pralckki kitkrk nkput sunlckiuj cki nlpmkbmljkt`j coakwkm oio

Nkput ^ unnlckiuj Nlpmkbmljkt`i

Juinub s kkt b kmor Juinub a lalrkpk h kj s ltlbkm b kmor  
Sockf alrtkjakm alskr Alrtkjakm alskr pkck mkro 1-> mkro
Mobkig a lalrkpk m kro Mobkig s ltlbkm 4 j oiggu
Aktks to ckf t l gks Aktks tl gks
Fkckig-fkckig jlblwkto skturk Sockf jlblwkto skturk

Sockf kck f `jpbofkso Uliylaka p lickrkmki plro`stluj

4
  hkuiconl, drktur, plrckrkmki oitrknrkiokb

c. ^ostlj mljkt`b`go

T`bujl ckrkm rktk„rktk pkck AAB =5„=<jb/Fg. Lrotr`sot/slb ckrkm

jlrkm (^CJ) blaom akiykf cki blaom akiykf jligkicuig mlj`gb`aoi cki
mljkt`frot coakicoigfki cligki clwksk, slckigfki bluf`sot/slb ckrkm putom
(^CU) ?555„ 
>5.555/jj>. AAB jljobofo rosof` cldosoliso pljalfuki ckrkm. Mkb oio tlrhkco fkrlik8

 AAB rosof` cldosot dkft`r pljalfuki fkrlik furkig votkjoi F (alrduigso

slakgko kftovkso/pljonu dkft`r pljalfuki slnkrk ujuj (dknt`r OO, TOO, O], ]).

  Totkjoi F cosoitlsk co usus tkpo jkfkiki cki db`rk usus i`rjkb jljakitu pr`sls oio.

  \ituf jligurkigo rosof` plrckrkmki, votkjoi F coalrofki slnkrk Oitrk Jusfublr

(OJ). l. ^ostlj gkstr`oitlstoikb

 AAB mkrus jubko jkfki, jlinlrik, cki jligkas`rpso jkfkiki sltlbkm bkmor.
Fkpksotks bkjauig 4 jb/Fg skkt bkmor tkpo alrtkjakm slfotkr ?5 jb pkck mkro plrtkjk
flmocupki. \ckrk jksuf fl skburki gkstr`oitlstoikb sltlbkm bkmor cki aosoig
usus tlrcligkr pkck hkj plrtkjk. Lizoj jligfktkbos pr`tloi cki fkra`mocrkt
slclrmkik. Lizoj pkifrlktof bopksl slcofot copr`cufso, bljkf susu ckbkj K^O
juckm conlrik coakicoig cligki susu d`rjubk. AAB ykig ktlrj (jktkig
usok flmkjobkiiyk) jljobofo fkckr gbuf`sk stkaob <5„45jg/cb (hofk coakwkm
35jg/cb mop`gbofljo) Kpkfkm Kick plrikm jlbomkt dlsls plrtkjk ykig
coflbukrfki `blm AAB0 Oyk,

wkrikiyk mohku flmotkjki cki bligflt. Ikjkiyk kckbkm jlf`iouj.

Jlf`iouj jlrupkfki dlsls ykig coflbukrfki `blm AAB ykig tlrcoro ckro pkrtoflb
nkorki kjio`i
slplrto slb fubot, rkjaut, ljplcu cki slfrlso oitlstoil bkoiiyk ?? Kpkfkm kick plrikm
jlbomkt akyo jligkbkjo fuioig/oftlrof/hkuiconl0 Ukck usok alrkpk akyo
tlrslaut jligkbkjo fuioig0 Doso`b`gos hkuiconl tlrhkco pkck usok 1„> mkro
sltlbkm bkmor, slckigfki hkuiconl pkt`b`gos juinub pkck 13 hkj plrtkjk. Hujbkm
aoboruaoi corlnt co ktks ; jg/cb ktku aoboruaoi t`tkb 9 < jg/cb. Hkuiconl pkt`b`gos

7
tlrhkco fkrlik tlrhkco fkrlik clstrufso lrotr`sot ykig alrblaom.

7
d. ^ostlj ojuiotks

AAB furkig ldlftod jlbkwki oidlfso fkrlik ^CU alrlsp`i bkjakt

ckbkj jligmkckpo jofr``rgkiosjl. AAB jlickpkt ojuiotks pksod ckro
oau slbkjk flmkjobki trojlstlr >, fljucoki cobkihutfki cligki pljalroki K^O.
OgG jliljaus
 pbkslitk skkt dltus (ojuiotks pksod tljp`rlr tlrmkckp t`fsoi akftlro cki vorus).
OgJ copr`cufso AAB uituf jlinlgkm pliylrkigki akftlro grkj ilgktovl. OgK
copr`cufso AAB sltlbkm usok 4„;1 joiggu sltlbkm bkmor (aosk cockpkt pkck f`b`struj
cki K^O).

g. ^ostlj uroikro

Fljkjpuki akyo ckbkj jligf`islitrksofki uroi furkig. Oitkfl/ ksupki

1 mkro plrtkjk8 4<jb/ Fg. @utput 1„4 ]/ mkro. AAB juckm flmobkigki
aofkra`ikt
skjpko co akwkm clwksk (jlioigfkt rosof` ksoc`sos).

m. ^ostlj lic`froi

^ostlj oio jlrupkfki sostlj ykig f`icosoiyk blaom akof ckro pkck sostlj ykig
bkoiiyk. Hofk tlrhkco gkigguki, aokskiyk alrfkotki cligki f`icoso m`rj`ikb oauiyk.
N`it`m8 psluc`jlistrukso (slplrto tlrckpkt jlistrukso pkck AAB plrljpuki),
arlkst lig`rgljlit (slplrto tlrckpkt pljalskrki pkck pkyuckrk). F`icoso tlrslaut
kckbkm i`rjkb pkck akyo ykig cobkmorfki `blm oau cligki CJ.

>. Jljplrtkmkifki tlrj`rlgubkso

Ulrboicuigki Slrjkb Akyo akru bkmor alrkck pkck sumu boigfuigki blaom rlickm ckro pkck
sumu co ckbkj fkicuigki oau. Kgkr tltkp jljplrtkmkifki pkiks ckpkt coplr`blm
ckro
 plrglrkfki tuigfko cki stojubkso bljkf n`fbkt. Ikjui hofk sumu rukigki tlrbkbu coigoi
jkfk

=
 akyo rlitki flmobkigki pkiks fkrlik jlfkiosjl pligkturki sumu tuaumiyk alb`j alrduigso
slnkrk sljpurik ;; `blm fkrlik otu hofk tockf cobkfufki upkyk plinlgkmki flmobkigki pkiks

tuaum jkfk akyo kfki rlitki jligkbkjko mop`tlrjo. Flmobkigki pkiks tuaum pkck akyo akru
bkmor fl boigfuigkiyk ckpkt tlrhkco ckbkj alalrkpk jlfkiosjl, ykotu slakgko alrofut8

=
k. F`icufso

F`icufso jlrupkfki flmobkigki pkiks pkck akyo jlbkuo f`itkf bkigsuig kitkrk tuaum
 akyo cligki plrjufkki ykig coigoi. Jlbkbuo pr`sls oio pkiks ckro tuaum akyo kfki
alrpoickm bkigsuig fl `ahlf bkoi ykig blaom coigoi ykig alrslitumki bkigsuig cligki fubot akyo.

 a. F`ivlfso

F`ivlfso kckbkm flmobkigki pkiks ykig tlrhkco pkck skkt akyo tlrpkpkr cligki uckrk
slfotkr ykig blaom coigoi. Flmobkigki pkiks oio ckpkt tlrhkco fltofk jljaokrfki akyo
tlrblitkig co rukig ykig rlbktod coigoi

n. Qkcokso

Qkcokso jlrupkfki flmobkigki pkiks ykig tlrhkco fltofk jliljpkfki akyo alrclfktki
cligki alick-alick ykig sumuiyk blaom rlickm ckro akyo. Akyo ckpkt flmobkigki pkiks
cligki nkrk oio cofkrlikfki alick-alick tlrslaut jliylrkp rkcokso pkiks tuaum akyo
(wkbkupui tockf alrslitumki slnkrk bkisuig).

c. Lvkp`rkso

Lvkp`rkso jlrup kfki plrpoickmki pkiks cligki nkrk jliguakm nkorki jlihkco ukp.
Flmobkigki pkiks oio ckpkt tlrhkco fltofk pligukpki nkorki fltuaki pkck plrjufkki tuaum
`blm pkiks tuaum akyo slicoro. Flmobkigki pkiks hugk ckpkt tlrhkco fltofk akyo akru
bkmor bkigsuig cojkicofki cki tuaumiyk tockf slglrk coflroigfki cki coslbojuto.

3. Jljplrtkmkifki ^tktus Iutroso

AAB k. . Jltka`bosjl Fkra`mocrkt

Flmocupki hkioi co ckbkj fkicuigki jlickpktfki flautumki gbuf`sk ckro

 pbkslitk. Soickfki plihlpotki tkbo puskt jliylakafki akyo mkrus jubko
jljplrtkmkifki fkckr gbuf`sk ckrkmiyk slicoro. Ukck akyo akru bkmor, gbuf`sk ckrkm

?
 kfki jliurui ckbkj wkftu nlpkt (; skjpko 1 hkj). Akyo ykig slmkt kfki
jliyojpki gbuf`sk ckbkj alituf gbof`gli, tlrutkjk co mkto slbkjk aubki-aubki
tlrkfmor ckbkj rkmoj. Akyo akru bkmor ykig jliclrotk cokaltls jobotus (CJ) cki
AABQ jligkbkjo
 pruakmki gbof`gli jlihkco gbuf`sk jlioigfkt ktku tlrhkco gkigguki pkck

jltka`bosjl kskj bljkf ykig jliylakafki flautumki il`iktus tockf tlrpliumo,

fljuigfoiki akyo kfki jligkbkjo mop`gbofljo slbkoi otu akyo kfki jligkbkjo
mop`tlrjo pkck skkt bkmor ykig jligkfoaktfki mop`fsok.

 a. ^ostlj Ulrlckrki Ckrkm

Ckrkm jligkbor ckro pbkslitk fl hkioi jlbkbuo vlik ujaobofus ykig tlrckpkt
ckbkj tkbo puskt. Ckro vlik ujaobofus, ckrkm jksuf fl ckbkj ;> vlik fkvk
oidlro`r jlbkbuo cuftus vli`sus (pljaubum alskr) ktku mkto. Ckro vlik fkvk
oidlro`r, ckrkm
 alrhkbki fl ktrouj fkiki. ^lakgoki ckrkm tockf jksuf flckbkj vlitroflb fkiki. Sltkpo
jksuf fl ckbkj kitrouj foro jlbkbuo d`rkjli `vkbl. D`rkjli `vkbl kckbkm buakig
 pkck slptuj oitlrktrokb ykig mkiyk tlrckpkt pkck jksk hkioi. Ckrkm fljucoki
jksuf fl ckbkj vlitroflb foro bkbu fl krfus k`rtk. Ckro krfus k`rtk, slakgoki alskr
ckrkm cocostroausofki fl `tkf, hkituig cki akgoki tuaum ktks sltlbkm alrsofubks`
co `tkf,
 hkituig cki akgoki tuaum ktks, ckrkm ykig co cl`fsoglikso jligkbor co vlik
fkvk suplro`r jliuhu fl ktrouj fkiki fljucoki fl vlitroflb fkiki. Ckro vlitroflb
fkiki, ckrkm cop`jpk jksuf fl ckbkj krtlro pubj`ikbos. ^lfotkr slplrtogk ckrkm ykig
jksuf fl vlitroflb fkiki tockf jligkbour jlbkbuo d`rkjli `vkbl, tltkpo
jligkbor jlbkuo

krtlro pubj`ikbos. ^lakgoki alskr ckrkm ckbkj krtlro pubj`ikbos coskburfki bkigsuig
fl ckbkj k`rtk clslicli jlbkuo cuftus krtlro`sus. Ckrkm oio fljakbo fl pbkslitk
jlbkbuo kl`rtk clslicli, plrtufkrki gks slbkihutiyk. ;) Kckptkso sostlj plrlckrki
ckrkm pkck akyo akru bkmor Ulruakmki plrlckrki ckrkm ykig tlrhkco ykotu pkck skkt
 pkrupkru jubko alrduigso slmoiggk pr`sls pligkitkrki `fsogli flslburum
hkroigki tuaum kfki alruakm. Ulruakmki tlrslaut jlinkigfup pliutupki d`rkjli
`vkbl pkck ktrouj hkituig slrtk pliutupki cuftus vli`sus cki cuftus krtlro`sus.
;5
 Fltofk tkbo puskt ;3 cofblj cki akyo tkrof ikdks uituf plrtkjk fkbo jkfk

sorfubkso ckrkm kfki alruakm, pkck skkt tkbo puskt cop`t`ig rlsostliso pljaubum
sostljof jlioigfkt cki tlfkiki ktrouj fkiki jliurui mkb tlrslaut jliylakafki

;5
 pliutupki cuftus vli`sus slnkrk pksod ckbkj wkftu >-7 mkro cki cligki
jligurkigo ckrkm kborki ckrkm ykig jlbkbuo vlik fkvk oidlro`r. Lfspkiso pkrum
jliuruifki tkmkiki vksfublr pubj`ikb slmoiggk jlioigfktfki kborki ckrkm
fl ktrouj fkiki, flcuk mkb oio jliylakafki tlfkiki ktrouj fkiki alrfurkig,
slckigfki tlfkiki

ktrouj foro jlioigfkt , Ulruakmki tlfkiki oio `vkbl jliutup. Uliutupki

d`rkjli
`vkbl ckpkt tlrhkco ckbkj alalrkpk hkj skjpko alalrkpk aubki. Ulioigfktki tlfkiki
`fsogli ckbkj krtlro cki pliuruiki tkmkiki pkru ykig crkstos jliylakafki cuftus
krtlro`sus jlbkbuo pliutup. Ulioigfktki foislitrkso `fsogli ckbkj ckrkm
cki
 pliuruiki pr`stkgbkicoi lic`gli ykig comksobfki `blm pbkslitk jljakitu
pliutupki cufstus krtlro`sus. Ukck ?>% akyo nufup aubki, cuftus krtlro`sus slnkrk
duigso`ikb jliutupo ckbkj 45 hkj. Ulruakmki bkoi ykig tlrhkco kckbkm
jliutupiyk vlik ujaobofkbos, cki krtoflb, cki krtlro mop`gkstrofk ckro tkbo puskt
slnkrk duigso`ikb ckbkj
 alalrkpk jliot sltlbkm tkbo puskt cofblj slrtk pliutupki hkroigki doar`sk
ykig jljautumfki wkftu slfotkr 1-> aubki. ;< l. ^ostlj Gkstr`oitlstoikb Hkioi
fltofk suckm nufup aubki kfki jubko jligmoskp cki jlilbki. Qldblfs guj`m cki
rldblfs
 aktuf suckm tlralituf cligki akof pkck skkt bkmor. Fljkjpuki akyo akru
bkmor jlilbki fkrlik tlrckpkt slitumki pkck bkigot-bkigot jubut akyo slmoiggk jljonu
akyo uituf jligmoskp slbkoi otu hugk fkrlik kckiyk flrhk plrostkbtof bockm cki
rkmkig ykig jljlrks kor susu cki pkyuckrk fl flr`igf`igki akyo slmoiggk jljonu
rldblfs uituf jlilbki.

Guj`m slroig tlrhkco pkck akyo akru bkmor fkrlik muauigki kitkrk ls`dkgus
 akwkm cki bkjauig jksom alb`j sljpurik. Fkpksotks bkjauig akyo akru bkmor nufup
 aubki slfotkr >5 nn, fkpksotks bkjauig oio kfki alrtkjakm sloroig cligki
 alrtkjakmiyk plrtujaumki cki plrfljakigki pkck akyo. Ukck plinlrikki akyo
akru bkmor jliggkicuig zkt alrwkrik motkj flmohkuki ykig tlrcoro ktks
juf`p`boskfkrock. Xkt oio coslaut jlf`iouj. Jlf`iouj aokskiyk coflburfki ;1-13
hkj plrtkjk cki ckbkj ckbkj 3 mkro aokskiyk dlsls suckm tlralituf cki alrwkrik
;;
flfuioigki. Lizoj ckbkj skburki plinlrikki aokskiyk suckm tlrckpkt pkck
il`iktus, flnukbo pkck kjobksl cki bopksl. Kjobksl comksobfki ckro flblihkr skbovk
sltlbkm > aubki cki `blm

 prkifls sltlbkm usok 4 aubki. ^ljlitkrk bopksl akru comksobfki `blm pkifrlks sltlbkm
usok 4 aubki. ;4 Skalb 1.; Ulruakmki U`bk Uljalitufki Dlsls Ukck Il`iktus Dlsls

;;
 Ukck Il`iktus Ulruakmki ykig Slrhkco Jlf`iouj. Soihk plrtkjk akyo, tlrsusui
ktks nkorki kjio`tof cki pliyusuiyk, slfrlso usus, slb juf`sk ykig
blpks, cki fljuigfoiki ckrkm oau ykig tlrtlbki ktku plrckrkmki joi`r
pljaubum skburki
 plinlrikki.

Soihk Srkisoso Uliglbukrki jlf`iouj kfki suckm tlrhkco ckbkj 13 hkj skjpko
3= hkj plrtkjk, jlsfopui aosk hugk tlrbkjakt skjpko 7 mkro pkck akyo cligki AABQ.
Soihk ^usu Soihk kfki flbukr pkck mkro fltogk sltlbkm jliyusuo, alrwkrik n`fbkt
flmohkuki skjpko n`fbkt flfuioigki cki tlfsturiyk furkig bligflt
coakicoigfki cligki jlf`iouj. Ukck mkro flljpkt toihk akyo ykig cosusuo K^O
alrwkrik fuioig moiggk flljkski alraku slplrto susu. Soihk akyo ykig cosusuo
cligki susu d`rjubk
 alrwkrik fuioig punkt skjpko n`fbkt juck, blaom pkckt cki alraku blaom ausuf.

n. Flflakbki Suaum (Ojui)

Ukck skkt ckbkj fkicuigki pbkslitk jlrupkfki skwkr ykig jlihkgk hkioi
 alaks ckro kitogli cki strls ojui`b`gos. ^ltlbkm bkmor, akyo ;7 jlihkco rlitki tlrmkckp
 alrakgko oidlfso cki kblrgo fkrlik sostlj flflakbki tuaumiyk alb`j jktkig,
^ostlj flflakbki tuaum kfki jljalrofki flflakbki kbkjo cki flflakbki
ykig cockpkt, flflakbki kbkjo tlrcoro ckro struftur plrtkmkiki tuaum ykig
jljoiojkbosor oidlfso. N`it`m flflakbki kbkjo kckbkm plrboicuigki `blm
jljarki juf`sk fubot , duigso skroigki skburki ikdks, pljalitufki f`b`io
jofr`ak `blm fubot cki usus, slrtk
 plrboicuigk fojok `blm boigfuigki kskj bkjauig. Flflakbki kbkjo hugk coslcokfki
 pkck toigfkt slb ykotu slb ckrkm ykig ckpkt jljauium jofr``rgkiosjl ksoig. Ikjuj
 pkck AAB slb ckrkm oio alb`j jktkig `blm fkrlik otu albuj jkjpu jlb`fkboskso cki
jljlrkigo oidlfso slnkrk ldosoli , flflakbki oio cockpkt fltofk akyo suckm
ckpkt jljalituf rlkfso kitoa`co tlrmkckp kitogli ksoig. Albuj jktkigiyk
flflakbki kbkjo
 pkck akyo jkfk jliylakafki akyo rlitki jligkbkjo tlrflik oidlfso, `blm fkrlik otu
 plinlgkmki tlrmkckp oidlfso (slplrto pkck prkftof plrskboiki ykig kjki cki jliyuso

;1
K^O sknkrk coio skigkt plitoig tlrutkjk f`b`struj).

Akyo akru bkmor cki akyo ykig bkmor prljktur. Alrlsof` toiggo tlrflik oidlfso
slbkjk alalrkpk aubki plrtkjk flmocupkiyk. Oidlfso jlrupkfki pliylaka plrtkjk

;1
j`raocotks cki j`rtkbotks. Akyo akru bkmor tockf ckpkt jljaktkso pkt`gli
ykig jlir`a`s jksuf kfoakt mop`duigso jlfkiosjl oidbkjkso cki ojui.
;= g. Flslojakigki Nkorki cki Duigso Goihkb Fkckr iktrouj akyo akru bkmor rlbktod
blaom
 alskr ckro pkck fkbouj fkrlik rukigki lfstrk slbublr ykig buks. Goihkb tlbkm alrduigso

tltkpo albuj sljpurik fkrlik ildr`i jksom alb`j akiykf. Bkhu dobtrkso gb`jlrubus
AAB mkiykbkm >5-<5% kfoaktiyk fljkjpuki jliglbukrfki bojakm ckro ckbkj jksom
furkig. Akyo akru bkmor suckm mkrus aukig kor flnob ckbkj 13 hkj plrtkjk hujbkm
uroil slfotkr 15->5 jB/Hkj cki jlioigfkt slfotkr ;55-155 Jb/Hkj pkck kfmor joiggu
 plrtkjk. Akyo ykig coalrofki susu d`rjubk ujujiyk blaom slroig AKF, tltkpo hujbkm
uroi akyo ykig coalrofki K^O jlioigfkt >-3 mkro sltlbkm f`b`struj suckm
tockf 
 pr`cufso bkgo. ^ltlbkm mkro flljpkt akyo slmkrusiyk suckm AKF 4-= fkbo sltokp
13
 hkj. ^ostlj Mlpktof Mkto tlrus jljakitu pljalitufki ckrkm slbkjk hkioi
ckbkj fkicuigki jkupui akyo suckm bkmor. ^lbkjk plro`cl i`iktkb, mkto
jligmksobfki zkt ykig lslisokb uituf pljalfuki ckrkm.

Mkto hugk jliglickbofki hujbkm aoboruaoi tkf tlrf`ihugkso ykig alrsofubkso,

 pogjli alrkskb ckro mlj`gb`aoi cki coblpksfki slnkrk alrskjkki cligki pljlnkmki
slb slb ckrkm jlrkm. Akyo akru bkmor kfki tlrhkco plruakmki fojok cki j`rd`b`gos ykotu
flikofki fkckr pr`tloi slrtk pliuruiki fkckr bljkf cki gbof`gli .lizoj ;? mkto kfki
kftod slfotkr > aubki sltlbkm flbkmorki. Ckyk clt`fsodofkso mkto pkck akyo akru bkmor 
 alb`j sljpurik `blm fkrlik otu mkrus mkto „mkto ckbkj pljalroki `akt-
`aktki. Uliyojpkiki zkt also slbkjk ckbkj fkicuigki nufup jljkcko akgo akyo
skjpko 3-4
 aubki flmocupki lfstrkutlroi. Akyo prljktur cki akyo AABQ jljobofo nkckigki zkt
 also ykig blaom slcofot ykig mkiyk jljkcko 1-> aubki plrtkjk. Ukck skkt oio
akyo blaom rlitki tlrmkckp cldosoliso zkt also. o. ^ostlj ^krkd Ukck skkt akyo bkmor
sostlj skrkd alb`j tlroitlgrkso sljpurik ikjui nufup uituf jlicufuig
flmocupki co lfstkrkutlroi. ^lakgoki alskr duigso il`ur`b`gos alrupk rldblfs
projotod joskbiyk rldblfs j`r`, rldblfs r``toig, rldblfs jligmoskp cki
jlilbki, rldblfs aktuf cki
;>
 alrsoi, rldblfs grkspoig, rldblfs stlppoig, rldblfs t`ius blmlr cki rldblfs akaoisfo.
^ostlj skrkd kut`i`j skigkt plitoig slbkjk trkisoso fkrlik jlrkigskig rlsporkso

kwkb, jljakitu jljplrtkmkifki flslojakigki kskj-aksk, jligktur

slakgoki

;>
 f`itr`b sumu. Duigso slis`ros akyo akru bkmor suckm skigkt alrfljakig cki jljobofo
ckjpkf sogiodofki pkck plrtujaumki cki plrfljakigki, tlrjksuf pr`sls plrblfktki.

 Ulicligkrki 15 Alrfljakig skigkt akof skkt bkmor. Akyo alrlkfso tlrmkckp

sukrk cligki alrpkboig fl krkm sujalr sukrk. Akyo akru bkmor jljalro rlsp`is tlrmkckp
sukrk
 alrdrlfuliso rlickm slplrto sukrk cliyut hkituig ktku bkgu ioik a`a`
cligki jliuruifki kftovotks j`t`rof cki alrmlito jlikigos. ^ukrk ykig
alrdrlfuliso toiggo jljonu rlkfso wkspkck

 Uliglnkp Jkjpu jljalckfki rksk jkios cki kskj pkck usok 71 hkj.

 Uligmorup Jkjpu jljalckfki kitkrk aku K^O oauiyk cligki K^O ykig bkoi

 Ulrkak ^lisotod tlrmkckp iylro alrlkfso tlrmkckp stojubkso tkftob.

 Uligbomktki Jkjpu jljd`fusfki pkck `ahlf ykig tlrkig cki alrhkrkf 15 nj. pupob
 alrlkfso tlrmkckp nkmkyk ck rldblfs alrflcop juckm corkigskig. Akyo skigkt
slisotod 

tlrmkckp nkmkyk hofk rukigki ckbkj f`icoso glbkp jkfk akyo rldblfs jljaufk jktk
cligki blakr cki jlbomkt coslflboboigiyk

<. Flautumki Ckskr Il`iktus

  Il`iktus ktku AAB jljobofo flautumki ykig mkrus tlrpliumo, flautumki ckskr il`iktus
cohlbksfki slakgko alrofut.

 Flautumki Iutroso Qlinkik ksumki uituf jljliumo flautumki jkfki cki joiuj
akyo kckbkm cligki jljakitu akyo jubko jliyusu jlbkbuo pljalroki K^O lfsfbusod.
Uroisop

jliyusuo slnkrk coio cki lfsfbusod kckbkm slakgko alrofut. Akyo mkrus cosusuo slslglrk
juigfoi sltlbkm bkmor (tlrutkjk ckbkj ; hkj plrtkjk) cki jlbkihutfki slbkjk 4 aubki
 plrtkjk flmocupki

 F`b`struj mkrus coalrofki, tockf a`blm coaukig

 Akyo mkrus cosusuo fkpki skhk ok jku, sokig ktku jkbkj (`i cljkic) ykig
kfki jlrkigskig pkyuckrk jljpr`cufso K^O slnkrk kclfukt. \ituf
jlickpktfki K^O ckbkj hujbkm nufup, slsl`rkig oau plrbu jlihkgk flslmktkiiyk
;3
slakof juigfoi. Oau
 plrbu joiuj cligki hujbkm nufup, jkfki jkfkiki alrgozo, cki ostorkmkt ykig nufup,

slmoiggk aocki mkrus jligoigktfki mkb oio pkck oau. Hujbkm rktk-rktk jkfkiki sl`rkig
 akyo nufup aubki slbkjk cuk joiggu plrtkjk slakiykf >5-45 jb sltokp 1-> hkj.

;3
 ^lbkjk 1 joiggu plrtkjk, akyo akru bkmor mlickfiyk coakiguifki uituf
jliyusuo
 pkboig tockf sltokp 3 hkj. ^lsuckm otu, hofk akyo suckm alrtkjakm alrkt akckiiyk, akyo
 a`blm tocur ckbkj plro`cl ykig bkjk (tlrutkjk jkbkj mkro). \ituf jliykoifki akmwk
 akyo jlickpkt nufup jkfkiki, oau mkrus jrigkjkto/jlnktkt slalrkpk slroig akyo

 alrfljom. Alrfljom pkboig slcofot 4 fkbo slbkjk 1-7 mkro sltlbkm bkmor, oio jliuihufki
 akmwk ksupki nkorki kclfukt (Q`nmjkm, 15;1).

 Lbojoikso Akyo aukig kor flnob (AKF) joiojkb 4 fkbo slmkro, tlrgkituig akiykfiyk
nkorki ykig jksuf. Cldlfkso plrtkjk alrwkrik mohku flmotkjki-motkjki. Ukck mkro
fl
>-< f`t`rki alruakm wkrik jlihkco fuioig fln`fbktki. Akyo cldlfso 3-4 fkbo slmkro.
Ukck akyo ykig mkiyk jligf`isujso K^O f`t`rkiyk alrwkrik fuioig, kgkf nkor cki
 alraoho. Akyo ykig joiuj susu d`rjubk f`t`rkiyk alrwkrik n`fbkt juck, blaom
pkckt cki alraku. ^ltlbkm cldlfso jkupui alrfljom slakofiyk slglrk jljlalrsomfki
f`t`rki ckro fubot akyo fkrlik ckpkt jliylakafki oidlfso ( Q`fmjkm,15;1).

  Socur Jliurut Qufoykm (15;4) Ukck 1 joiggu plrtkjk sltlbkm bkmor. Akyo i`rjkbiyk
slroig tocur. Akyo akru bkmor moiggk usok > aubki rktk-rktk tocur ;4 hkj slmkro cki slroig
tlrakigui co jkbkj mkro. Hujbkm wkftu tocur akyo kfki alrfurkig sloroig
alrtkjakmiyk usok

4. Ulinlgkmki Oidlfso AAB

Ulinlgkmki oidlfso kckbkm sktu ksplf ykig plitoig ckbkj plrboicuigki cki
flkjkiki pkck akyo akru bkmor. jlrupkfki skbkm sktu plrboicuigki cki
flkjkiki

 pkck akyo akru bkmor ykig jlboputo slakgko alrofut8

 Jlinuno tkigki slalbuj cki slsuckm jljlgkig akyo jlrupkfki nkrk ldlftod
uituf jlinlgkm oidlfso.

 ^ltokp akyo mkrus jljpuiyko kbkt cki pkfkoki tlrslicoro uituf jlinlgkm
oidlfso, slcokfki boili cki pkfkoki ykig nufup.

 Jlinlgkm kigg`tk flbukrgk uituf jliclfkt pkck skkt slckig skfot

 Jljkicofki akyo jljkig tockf tlrbkbu plitoig/ jlickskr mkrus slroig

;<
cobkfufki jligoigkt tlrbkbu slroig pui kfki alrckjpkf pkck fubot ykig
alb`j sljpurik.

;<
 Flnukbo pkck akgoki wkhkm, boptki fubot cki akgoki ckbkj p`p`f ckpkt cobkfufki ;-1
fkbo/mkro uituf jlinlgkm blnlt/ tlrtujpufiyk f`t`rki cocklrkm tlrslaut.

 Jlihkgk flalrsomki cki flroigiyk tkbo puskt

 Jliggkito p`p`f cki jlihkgk flalrsomki krlk a`f`ig supkyk tockf tlrhkco rukj

 p`p`f.
   Flalrsomki Fubot Flslmktki il`iktus ckpkt cofltkmuo ckro wkrik, oitlgrotks,
cki fkrkftlrostof fubotiyk. Cligki kbkt akitu pljlrofskki ykig nkiggom, fotk 13
ckpkt jligltkmuo usok, stktus iutroso, duigso sostlj `rgki, cki kckiyk pliykfot fubot
fubot ykig alrsodkt sostljof. Kckiyk bufk, jljkr, cki tkick bkmor ckpkt
jliojaubfki flnljkski akgo `rkig tuk. Uljlrofskki ykig bligfkp pkck fubot
jlinkfup oisplfso cki pkbpkso. Uljlrofskki oisplfso ckpkt jlbomkt kckiyk vkrokso
flbkoiki fubot. Ikjui, uituf jligmoickro jkskbkm ykig tockf tkjpkf hlbks,
cobkfufki pljlrofskki oisplfso
 alrupk pliobkoki fltlakbki cki f`isostliso fubot. Duigso fubot kckbkm slakgko
 plrboicuigki, akof dosof jkupui ojui`b`gos, rlgubkso pkiks, cki oiclrk plrkak.
Uljkmkjki tlitkig struftur fubot skigkt plitoig kgkr fotk ckpkt
jlbkfufki
 pljlrofskki cki jligoclitodofkso kckiyk flbkoiki (Q`nmjkm, 15;1)

k. Skick Akmkyk Il`iktus. Jliurut Qufoykm (15;1) hofk jliljufki f`icoso slplrto oio mkrus
slglrk cobkfufki plrt`b`igki, tlrutkjk `rkig tuk mkrus jligltkmuo noro-noro tkick
akmkyk slakgko alrofut8

 Akyo subot alrikdks, plrikdkski 45 fkbo plrjliot

 ^umu tuaum (kfsobk) >7,<`N

 Fubot akyo flroig, tlrutkjk ckbkj 13 hkj plrtkjk, flaoruki, punkt ktku jljkr.

 Moskpki skkt jliyusu bljkm, rlwlb, slroig juitkm cki jligkituf alrblaomki

 Skbo puskt jlrkm, aligfkf, flbukr nkorki, alraku ausuf cki alrckrkm. 1<

 Kckiyk tkick-tkick oidlfso slplrto sumu tuaum jlioigfkt, jlrkm,aligfkf, aku

ausuf, flbukr nkorki, plrikdkski subot cki jktk akyo alrikikm

 Sockf AKA ckbkj > mkro, tockf AKF ckbkj 13 hkj, toihk bljalf ktku linlr, slroig

;4
  alrwkrik mohku tuk, alrblicor ktku alrckrkm.

 Jligogob, rlwlb, bljks, jligkituf, flhkig, tockf aosk tlikig, jlikgos tlrus jlilrus.

;4
 a. Uliktkbkfskikki

 Alrofki p`soso sljod`wblr kgkr slskf alrfurkig.

  Kpkaobk sumu toiggo, bkfufki f`jprls coigoi.

 Alrofki K^O plrbkmki-bkmki, slcofot cljo slcofot.

 Kpkaobk akyo juitkm, bkfufki plrkwktki juitkm ykotu p`soso tocur joroig fl foro
tku fl fkiki.

 Kpkaobk kck cokrl, plrmktofki plrs`ikb mogolil cki flkckki boigfuigki.

  Quhuf slglrk fl rujkm skfot. Bkfufki oid`rjlc n`islit pkck flbukrgk.

4. Ksumki Flplrkwktki AAB

D`fus ksumki flplrkwktki slbkjk plro`cl il`iktkb kckbkm uituf jlboicuigo

cki jlicufuig il`iktus skkt ok jligkbkjo akiykf plruakmki doso`b`gos cki
jliylsukofki cligki flmocupki lfstrkutlroi, ykig cobkfufki cligki8

 Jljplrtkmkifki pkiks tuaum.

 Jljplrtkmkifki duigso plrikdkski.

  Uliuruiki rosof` oidlfso.

  Jljakitu `rkig tuk ckbkj jljalrofki iutroso ykig tlpkt cki mocrkso.

  Jljakitu `rkigtuk ckbkj albkhkr uituf jlrkwkt akyo jlrlfk.

;. Uligfkhoki

Kpkfkm Kick plrikm jlbkfufki pljlrofskki dosof pkck AAB0 Hofk albuj
 plrikm jlbkfufkiiyk kpkfkm Kick plrikm jliojakig AA cki pkihkig akcki (UA)
AAB0 \ituf pljlrofskki dosof slnkrk bligfkp, Kick ckpkt jlbomkt pkicuki
 prkftofuj pljlrofskki dosof akyo akru bkmor. Akof fotk akmks tlitkig pligfkhoki AAB
(A`akf, 155<) kckbkm slakgko alrofut.

K. Uligfkhoki AAB

 Jktlrikb (oau)8 usok, rowkykt flslmktki ykig bkbu, plrfljakigki s`sokb cki rowkykt

 plflrhkki.
;7
   @astltro8 pkrotks oau, f`icoso flmkjobki tlrkfmor, usok glstkso, bkjk cki fkrkftlrostof
 plrskboiki, f`icoso oau (plrckrkmki), flkckki akyo (dltkb costrlss), pligguikki kikbgltof
skkt alrskboi, cki jlt`cl jlbkmorfki (plrvkgoikj, slnto`i nlskrlki, vkfuj).

 Uligfkhoki dosof akyo8 plrmktofki wkrik fubot akyo, fufu, bopktki pkck tlbkpkf fkfo,

 pkbpkso ckck, auiyo ikdks, kusfubtkso cliyut hkituig, fkho rldblfs projotod pkck akyo
(rldblfs r``toig, sunfoig, swkbb`woig, j`r`, t`ionf ilnf, akaoisfo). Fkho sumu akyo,
toigfkt kftovotks/t`ius `t`t pljalroki jkfki, oitlrkfso oau cligki akyo. Fkho KUGKQ
sf`r pkck jliot plrtkjk cki flbojk.

A. Cokgi`sl flplrkwktki

 Qosof` toiggo plruakmki sumu tuaum alrmuauigki cligki pliuruiki hujbkm

bljkf suafutki cki/ktku plrjufkki tuaum alskr.

  Qosof` oidlfso alrmuauigki cligki trkujk hkroigki cki / ktku tlfiof jlinuno
tkigki ykig furkig `blm pltugks flslmktki cki `rkigtuk.

 Qosof` gkigguki plrtufkrki gks alrmuauigki cligki trkisoso ckro hkioi fl

sorfubkso il`iktkb, coigoi strls, cki / ktku pr`cufso blicor ykig alrblaomki.

  Qosof` cldosot v`bujl nkorki alrmuauigki cligki ksupki `rkb tlraktks.

 Qosof` cldosot pligltkmuki alrmuauigki cligki plrtkjk fkbo jlihkco `rkigtuk

cki/ktku sujalr ckyk albkhkr ykig tlraktks.

N. Ulrlinkikki

 ^umu il`iktus alrkck ckbkj aktks i`rjkb, cki fubot alrwkrik jlrkm juck cki
tlrksk mkigkt skkt coslitum

  Il`iktus tockf jliuihuffki tkick„tkick ktku glhkbk ckro suktu oidlfso.

  Soigfkt plrikpkski il`iktus cki cliyut hkituig alrkck ckbkj rlitkig i`rjkb, fubot
 alrwkrik jlrkm juck cki hkbki ikpks alrsom.

  Il`iktus AKF joiojkb likj fkbo slmkro.

 @rkig tuk jlrlsp`i flautumki akyo

jlrlfk C. Oitlrvliso flplrkwktki

;=
Cokgi`sl flplrkwktki ;

;=
  Jlihkgk sumu akyo cligki jliutup poitu.

 Hkgk AAB kgkr tltkp flroig.

 Sutup AAB kgkr tltkp mkigkt cligki slbojut flroig.

 Sljpktfki t`po/pliutup flpkbk AAB.

 Sljpktfki AAB cligki f`itkf fubot fl fubot pkck `rkig tuk cki slbojut
mkigkt jliutupo oau cki AAB.

 J`iot`r sumu slsuko pr`t`f`b tokp Q^.

  Alrotkmu c`ftlr ktku plrkwkt prkftoso hofk sumu il`iktus jksom rlickm ktku suckm ikof.

Cokgi`sl flplrkwktki 1

 Ukitku fubot kpkfkm tlrhkco flruskfki hkroigki.

 J`iot`r sumu slsuko pr`t`f`b Q^.

 Hkgk fubot alrsom cki flroig.

  Oistrufsofki `rkig tuk cki pliguihuig ykig tlpkt

  Nuno tkigki slalbuj jliylitum il`iktus.

 Oistrufsofki `rkig tuk uituf jlinuno tkigki sltlbkm jliggkito p`p`f.

 Alrotkmu c`ftlr ktku plrkwkt prkftoso hofk il`iktus ykig bltkrgo/bljkm, sumu
jlioigfkt ktku blso pkck fubot.

 Cokgi`sl flplrkwktki >

J`iot`r plrikdkski cki duigso hkituig slsuko pr`t`f`b Q^.

 Kusfubtkso sukrk ikpks.

  Fkho kckiyk cki b`fkso soki`sos.

  Moskp jubut cki mocuig.

  Alrofki `fsogli slsuko pr`t`n`b/`rclr.

 Bkp`rfki tkick„tkick costrlss plrikpkski flpkck c`ftlr ktku plrkwkt prkftoso.

Cokgi`sl flplrkwktki 3

 J`iot`r oitkfl cki `utput.

;?
  J`iot`r tkick„tkick clmocrkso, ykotu, d`itkilb nlfuig, turg`r fubot auruf,
jljarkil juf`sk flroig.

  Alrofki pljalroki jkfki/nkorki slnkrk `rkb.

Cokgi`sl flplrkwktki <

 Fkho toigfkt pligltkmuki `rkig tuk .

 Alrofki oid`rjkso tlitkig fkrkftlrostof cki plrobkfu akru bkmor.

  Alrofki oid`rjkso tlitkig plrkwktki akyo akru bkmor.

  Akitu `rkig tuk cligki jligurus akyo jlrlfk.

 Uuho `rkig tuk uituf plrkwktki jlrlfk ckro jlrlfk akru bkmor.

L. Lvkbukso

^umu AAB kfki alrkck ckbkj aktks i`rjkb, cki fubot kfki jlihkco jlrkm juck cki
tlrksk mkigkt skkt coslitum.

 AAB tockf kfki jliuihuffki tkick„tkick ktku glhkbk ckro suktu oidlfso.

 Soigfkt plrikpkski AAB cki cliyut hkituig kfki alrkck ckbkj rlitkig i`rjkb,
fubot kfki jlihkco jlrkm juck cki hkbki ikpks kfki tltkp alrsom.

 AAB kfki AKF likj fkbo slmkro.

  @rkig tuk kfki jlrlsp`i flautumki akyo jlrlfk

AKA OOO

ULI\S\

K. FL^OJU\BKI

Flslmktki jlrupkfki oivlstkso ckro sltokp `rkig uituf jlihkbkifki flmocupkiiyk cki
flslmktki jlrupkfki fuino uituf mocup pr`cuftod. Jliurut \ickig-\ickig I` >4 tkmui 155?,
Flslmktki kckbkm flkckki slmkt, akof slnkrk dosof, jlitkb, sprotukb jkupui s`sokb

15
ykig jljuigfoifki sltokp `rkig uituf mocup pr`cuftod slnkrk s`sokb cki lf`i`jos. Il`iktus
kckbkm
 akyo ykig bkmor cligki alrkt bkmor kitkrk 1<55 „ 3555 grkj, nufup aubki, bkmor bkigsuig

15
jlikigos, cki tockf kck flbkoiki n`igliotkb (nknkt akwkki) ykig alrkt (J. ^m`blm 1557 ckbkj
Jkrjo cki Fufum 15;1). Skick-tkick il`iktus i`rjkb kckbkm kpplkrkinl n`b`r (wkrik fubot)
slburum tuaum fljlrkmki, pubsl (cliyut hkituig) 9;55 x/jliot, grojknl (rlkfso
tlrmkckp rkigskigki) jlikigos/aktuf/alrsoi, kntovoty (t`ius `t`t) glrkfki kftod, rlsporkto`i
(uskmk ikdks)

 akyo jlikig os fukt. (J`nmtkr ;??= ckbkj Qufoykm 15;1).

Ulro`cl il`iktkb jlrupkfki plro`cl trkisoso kitkrk flmocupki co ckbkj fkicuigki fl
flmocupki co bukr fkicuigki, plruakmki tlrslaut tlrhkco slnkrk crkstos. Ur`sls
pliylsukoki duigso`ikb il`iktus (akyo akru bkmor) ckro flmocupki co ckbkj fkicuigki fl
flmocupki co bukr fkicuigki coslaut kckptkso doso`b`gos.^ostlj Ulrikdkski ^ostlj plrikdkski
pkck hkioi skkt co ckbkj fkicuigki jlickpktfki `fsogli ckro plrtufkrki gks jlbkbuo
pbkslitk. ^ltlbkm akyo bkmor cki pbkslitk bkmor alrikdks jligguikfki pkru pkru. ^lalbuj hkioi
bkmor jlbkfufki pljktkigki
 pkru-pkru, jligmksobfki surdkftki cki jljpuiyko kbvl`bus slakgko plrtufkrki gks. Ulrikdkski
 plrtkjk pkck akyo i`rjkb tlrhkco ckbkj wkftu ;5 cltof plrtkjk slsuckm bkmor.

A. ^KQKI

Cligki cobkfufki pljauktki jkfkbkm oio comkrkpfki ckpkt

jlikjakm wkwkski cki sljkfoi jliglikb tlitkig f`islp il`iktus lsslisokb.
Forkiyk mksob jkfkbkm oio ckpkt jljalrofki oid`rjkso slrtk jksufki
ckbkj jlioigfktfki
 pligltkmuki pljaknk tlitkig il`iktus lsslisokb.

CKDSKQ U\^SKFK

Nmkpjki, B. & Curmkj, Q. (15;5). Jktlrikb„Ilwa`ri Iursoig8 Sml Nrotonkb N`jp`ilit `d

 Iursoig Nkrl. Umobkclbpmok8 DK Ckvos N`jpkiy.

A`akf, O. & B`wclrjobf, C. (155<). Aufu Khkr Flplrkwktki Jktlriotks. (lcoso 3). Kbom akmksk8
Wohkykroio, J. K. Hkfkrtk8 LGN.

1;
Foizol, A. & G`jlz, U. (1553). Akson Jktlrikb kic Ilwa`ri Nkrl8 K Guocl d`r ^fobblc

Ur`voclrs. HMUOLG@. Jkiuruig, ^. (15;;).

1;
Aufu Khkr Flplrkwktki Jktlriotks Ksumki Flplrkwktki Oitrkiktkb. Hkfkrtk8 NT Srkis Oid`
Jlcok. I`votk, Q. (15;;).

Flplrkwktki Jktlriotks. Hkfkrtk8 Gmkbok Oic`ilsok. Ulrry, ^., M`nflialrry, J., B`wclrjobf, C.
& Wobs`i, C. (15;5).

Jktlrikb Nmobc Iursoig Nkrl. Joss`uro8 J`say Lbslvolr. Uobbottlro, K. (155>). Jktlrikb kic
Nmobc Mlkbtm Iursoig Nkrl `d tml Nmobcalkroig kic Nmobcrlkroig Dkjoby. (3tm lc).

Umobkclbpmok8 Boppoin`tt. Qllclr, ^., Jkrtoi, B., & Groddoi, C. (15;;).

Flplrkwktki Jktlriotks Flslmktki Wkiotk, Akyo, cki Flbukrgk. T`b ;. Kbom akmksk
Kdoykito, Ncff. Hkfkrtk8 LGN

11