Agr

icul
tur
alsci
ence

TOPI
C:Cr
opI
mpr
ovement

CLASS:
SS3

OBJECTI
VES:
Student
sshoul
dbeabl
eto:

*
*Def
inecr
opi
mpr
ovement
.

*
*Ment
iont
heai
msofcr
opi
mpr
ovement
.

*
*Expl
aint
hegenet
ict
erms.

CROPI
MPROVEMENT:-
Itref
erstotheway
sofdevel
opingandbreedi
ngofcr
opv
ari
eti
eswhi
ch
ar
ebet
tert
hant
heexi
sti
ngvariet
iesi
nanumberofcharact
ers.

AI
MSOFCROPI
MPROVEMENT

*
Toi
mpr
ovet
hequal
i
tyofpr
oduce.

*
Toadaptt
ocl
i
mat
iccondi
ti
onssuchasdr
ought
.

*
Toi
ncr
easey
iel
d.

*
Tomeett
heneedsofconsumer
s.

*
Tomeett
heneedsofgr
ower
s.

*
Toi
mpr
ovehar
vest
ingqual
i
ties.

*
Tobr
eedcr
opswi
thear
lymat
uri
ty.

GENETI
CTERMS

*CHARACTER/ TRAIT:
Theyaretheinherit
edattr
ibuteswhicht
hepl
antbr
eeder
ssel
ect
.Suchas
planthei
ghtseedsize,
diseaser
esistance,seedcolouret
c.

*
CHROMOSOMES:
thesear
erodsort
hreadshapedbodi
esf
oundi
nthenucl
eusofacel
l

*
GENES: thesear
eheredi
tar
yuni
tsofinher
it
ance.Theyarel
ocat
edinChromosomesandar
e
r
esponsi
blefort
hetr
ansmissi
onofcharact
ersfr
om parent
stooff
spri
ngs

*GAMETE:Thi
sisamaturesexcel
lwhi
chtakesparti
nsexualr
eproducti
on.Ther
earetwoty
pe-
malegameteorsper
matozoa(i
nani
mals)andpol
lengrai
ns(i
nplants)
.Gamet ei
susual
ly
hapl
oid.

*ZYGOTE:Zygot
eisasi ngl
ecellf
ormedasaresul
toftheuni
onofamal
egamet
ewi
thaf
emal
e
gamete.Gameteisusuall
ydipl
oidandi
tsaf
erti
li
sedeggorovul
e
*ALLELOMORPHS: Thesearepai
rsofgenesont
heposi
ti
onofachr
omosomes(
I.
elocus)t
hat
contr
olcont
rast
ingcharact
ers

*PHENOTYPES:
Thesear
ephy
sical
l
yandphy
siol
ogi
cal
l
yexpr
essedt
rai
tsofani
ndi
vi
dual
,eg
hei
ght

*
GENOTYPE:Thi
ster
misusedtodescr
ibedthoset
rai
tsorsum t
otal
ofthegenesinher
it
ed
f
rom bot
hpar
ent
s.genot
ypesi
ncl
udeboththegeneti
cmakeupofani ndi
vi
dual.

*
DOMI NANTCHARACTER: Thi
sisthecharactershowninanIndiv
idualwit
houtanysi
gnifi
cant
i
nfl
uenceoft
hecont
rast
ingcharact
erpresentinthesameindiv
idualonthedominantcharact
er.

*RECESSI VECHARACTER: Thi

sistheunexpressedcharact
eri
nthepr
esenceofadomi nant
characterinanindi
vi
dual
.From t
heill
ust
rat
ionabove,short
nessi
stherecessi
vechar
acter,
whil
et all
nessisthedomi
nantcharact
er.

*HOMOZYGOUS:Aplantissai
dtobehomozygousift
hetwomember sofapairofgenes
cont
rol
li
ngagi
venpairofcont
rast
ingchar
act
ersar
eident
ical
.eg,
(TT)fort
all
nessor(tt
)
shor
tness

*
BACKCROSS:
Backcr
ossi
sacr
ossbet
weenanof
fspr
ingandoneoft
hepar
ent
s.

*HETEROZYGOUS:
Aplanti
ssaidt
obehet er
ozygousi
fthetwomember sofapai
rofgenes
cont
rol
li
ngagiv
enpai
rofcont
rast
ingchar
acter
saredi
ffer
ent.E.
g(Tt
)fortal
l
ness

*HYBRID:
Thi
si stheof
fspr
inggotf
rom cr
ossbr
eedi
ngtwopurev
ari
eti
esofanyspeci
es.Such
off
spri
ngisi
ntermedi
atebetweent
heparent
sinappear
ance.

FILI
ALGENERATI
ONS:Theof f
springofpar
entsmakeupthef
il
ial
generat
ionandaredenot
edby
thesymbol
F¹,
F²andF³respecti
velyt
oo.F¹gener
ati
ongi
vesr
isetoF²generat
ion.

ASSI
GNMENT

1)Menti
ont
het
hechar
act
erst
hatapl
antbr
eeder
/far
merwi
l
lconsi
deri
nchoosi
nganycr
op
var
iet
y.

2)Whati
shet
erosi
sorhy
bri
dvi
gour.

Note:assi
gnment
saretobesubmi
tt
edt
o08058720974wi
thy
ournamet
ypedunderi
t,onor
bef
oreFRIDAY,
12/JUNE/2020