25M Span Single Lane Steel Truss Bridge: Reference Output Calculation

Reference Calculation Output
25M SPAN SINGLE LANE STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE
A. INTRODUCTION
This design report contains the analysis and design calculations for the single lane steel
truss bridge of span 25m.
The span of the this bridge is 25m , width of the lane is 3.7 m and 1.2 m wide shoulders
both side.
There is a 1.8 m height hand rail at both side of the bridge.
SINGLE LANE TRUSS BRIDGE- 25M SPAN Doc. No.

DESIGN UNIT Designed ARJ Date
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EPC DIVISION Checked Date
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C CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB) Job Code Page 01
B. GENERAL DESIGN INFORMATION
B-1. Geometry of the Steel truss bridge
Span = 25.0 m
Max. Truss Height = 3.5 m
Spacing between two truss = 6.0 m
B-3 Load factors
As per Table 1 BS 5400 Part 2 : 1978
B-4 Design Codes ,Manuals and References
BS5400: 1978,British Standard institution Code of practice for bridge design

Road Development Authority (RDA) of SriLanka Bridge Design Manual 1997
B-5 Software used
Modeling, Analysis and Design are carried out using SAP2000 version 9

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C. GENERAL LOAD EVALUATION
BS5400 C.1 Live Loads

Part 2 : 1978
Carriageway width = 3.7m
cl 3.2.9.3.1 Number of notional lanes = 1

Width of a notional lane = 3.7m
C.1.1: HA Loading
Nominal HA loads
cl 6.2.1 Loaded length = 25m <30m
cl 6.2.2 Uniformly distributed load = 30 kN/m per notional lane
Knife edge load = 120 kN per notional lane
C.1.2: Horizontal loads and load effects

Traction or Braking forces
cl 6.6.1 Nominal load for HA Loadings = 8 kN/m of loaded length+200 kN<700 kN
Loaded length = 25m
Nominal load for HA Loadings = 8x25+200
= 400 kN
Uniformly Distributed Live load (per meter) along the bridge = 30 kN/m
Uniformly Distributed Live load (per meter )along a one truss = 15 kN/m
Live load on each joint as Point load = UDL x Spacing between two joints
= 15x3.125 kN
= 46.9 kN
Knife edge load at the mid point of a one truss = 120/2
= 60 kN
C.2 Dead Loads
C.2.1. Weight of Deck slab
Consider longitudinally 1 meter length along the bridge lane
Thickness of the concrete deck slab = 280 mm

Density of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Slab Load as UDL (0.28x 24x6.1) = 40.992 kN/m
C.2.2. Weight of Asphalt layer

Thickness of the asphalt layer = 50mm
Density of the asphalt layer = 25 kN/m3
asphalt layer load as UDL (.05x25x3.7) = 4.625 kN/m

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C.2.3. Weight of guard rail

Volume of the steel guard rail = 0.1m3
Weight of the steel guard rail = 0.1x7850x9.81/1000
= 7.70 kN
Guard rail load as UDL = 7.7/25
= 0.31 kN/m
Dead load on each joint as point load = (40.99+4.625+.31)/2*3.125

= 71.8 kN
C.2.2. Selfweight of truss members
Selfweights of members of main 2D truss are taken in to the analysis by softweare itself.
Selfweights of other Other transverce members
1. Bottom cross bracing

Load on a joint of a 2D main truss = (108 kg/m x 9.81 kgms-1/1000x6.0 m)/2
(2/PFC 380 x100 x 54- 6 m length) = 3.178 kN
2. Bottom chord wind bracing

Load on a joint of a 2D main truss = (8.99kg/m x 9.81 kgms-1 /1000 x 6.76 m)
(EQA 75 x 75-6.76 m length) = 0.596 kN
Point load on bottom truss joint = 3.775 kN
3. Top cross bracing

Load on a joint of a 2D main truss = (23.9 kg/m x 9.81 kgms-1/1000x6.0m)
(PFC 150 x90 x 24- 2.2 m length) = 1.407 kN
4. Top chord wind bracing

Load on a joint of a 2D main truss = (8.99kg/m x 9.81 kgms-1 /1000 x 6.76 m)
(EQA 75 x 75-6.76 m length) = 0.596 kN
Point load on top truss joint = 2.003 kN

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C.3 Wind Loads
Wind loads on Superstructure
Nominal Transverse wind load (pt)without LL Nominal Transverse wind load (pt)-with LL
vc v = 22.2m/s RDA manual vc v = 22.2m/s RDA manual

BS5400 k1 = 1.00 5.3.2.1.2 k1 = 1.00 5.3.2.1.2
Part 2 : 1978 s1 = 1.00 5.3.2.1.3 s1 = 1.00 5.3.2.1.3
s2 = 1.58 T2-5.3.2.1.4 s2 = 1.58 T2-5.3.2.1.4
vc = 34.76 m/s vc=K1*v*s1*s2 vc = 34.76m/s vc=K1*v*s1*s2
pt q = 0.741 N/m2 q=0.613*vc2 pt q = 0.741kN/m2 0.613*vc2

q=0.613*vc2
Cd = 2 Cd =1.45 for all live parts
5.3.3.4 T7 5.3.3.4
Bottom chord
2 Assume height of a threewheeler as 2m
A = 0.35 m per meter of chords
pt = 0.35 x 2 x 0.721
2
= 0.50 kN/m A = 2 x1 m
Top chord
2
A = 0.15 m per meter of chords pt = q x A x Cd
pt = 0.15 x 2 x 0.721
= 0.21 kN/m pt(withlive)
Diagnal Bracing = 2 x 1.45 x 0.721
2
A = 0.15 m per meter of chords = 2.1 kN/m
pt = 0.15 x 2 x 0.721
= 0.21 kN/m
Nominal Longitudinal wind load is not considered due to small effect to truss bridge
Nominal vertical wind load (pv) Nominal Vertical wind load (Pv)
BS5400 Pv q = 0.671kN/m2 Pv q = 0.671kN/m2

Part 2 : 1978 A = 6m2/per meter of deck slab A = 6 m2/per meter of deck slab
Cl = 0.75 Cl = 0.75
pv = 3.0kN per meter pv = 3.0 kN per meter
C-3 Load Combinations

BS5400
Part 2 : 1978 Ultimate Limite State
Table 1
Comb 1 = 1.15 x conc load+1.05 x steel loads+1.5 x live and parapet load
Comb 2 = 1.15 x conc load+1.05 x steel loads+1.25 x live and parapet load+1.4 x wind loads
Servicibility Limit State
Com_Ser = 1.0 x conc load+1.0 x steel loads+1.0 x live and parapet load

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D. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The main steel truss is analysised
(1) as a 2D truss for load combination1 ( Without lateral-wind forces )

(2) as a 3D truss for load combination2 ( With lateral-wind forces )
D.1 Servisibility Analysis for Deflection
Servisibility analysised is used for checke the globle deflection of the entire bridge.
Maximum vertical deflection at the middle of the truss at 2D SAP model = 38 mm

(For com_ser 1)
Maximum deflection at the middle of the truss at 3D SAP model

(For com_ser 2) Horizontal = 25 mm
Vertical = 50 mm
D.2 Analysised Results for Combination 1
All main truss members have axial forces only and no considerable bending moment
generated by selfweight.
Analysised reasulta are attached as Annex ( i )
D.2.1 Maximun Axial forces values ( Com 1)
Member Tension Compression

kN kN
Top Chord - 1335
Bottom chord 1221 -
Vertical members 159 -
Diagnal members 612 391
D.3 Analysised Results for Combination 2
All 3D truss members have axial forces only and no considerable bending moment generated
by selfweight..
Analysised reasults are attached as Annex ( ii )
Member Tension Compression

kN kN
Top Chord - 1006
Bottom chord 387 -
Vertical members 48 -
Diagnal members 360 280

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E. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
E.1 Top Chord Design
Comb1 is critical for Top Chord
Maximim axial force of Top chord = 1324 kN

(Compression)
Length of a top Chord member = 3125 mm
Top chord is design as a compression member
Selected section for top chord is 2/PFC 200 x 90 x 30
E.1.1 Section properties
b
T
t
d
18
b = 90 mm Back to back space = 10 mm
d = 200 mm
T = 14 mm py = 275 mm
t = 7 mm
Length of a member = 3125 mm
Both ends are pin-joints
E.1.2 Section Classifications
Fig 3 b/T = 90/14 = 6.43 ε = (275/275)^0.5

BS 5950 = 1
d/t = 148/(2*7) = 10.57
Table 7 Internal element of compression flange

BS 5950
b/T = 6.429 < 26ε
i.e.Section is plastic
web with natural axis at mid depth
d/t = 10.57 <79ε
i.e. section is plastic

section is Non- slender

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4.7.4. Compression capacity of the member = Pc = Ag*pc

BS 5950
For pc value, Table 27 ( c)
(Rolled channel from table 25)
(d) Calculation of λ λ = le/γ

= 3.125/0.0816
= 38.3
(e) pc value
pc = 241.1 N/mm2 (from Table 27( C) ,λ=38.3 and py=275)
2
Ag = 7570 mm
(f) Compression Capacity
Compression capacity of members = pc*Ag

= 1825 kN
Maximum design compression = 1324 kN
since1324<1825, proposed section is adequate when the compression capacity is considered

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E.2 Bottom Chord Design
Comb1 is critical for bottom Chord
Maximum axial force of bottom chord = 1212 kN

(Tension)
Length of a top Chord member = 3125 mm
Top chord is design as a tension member
Selected section for bottom chord is 2/PFC 200 x 90 x 30
b
T
t
d

d = 200 mm
T = 14 mm py = 275 mm
t = 7 mm
E.2.2 Design of bottom chord
cl 4.6.1 Tension capacity
Pt = Ae x Py
cl 4.6.3.1 Ae = Anet connected + (3a1/(3a1+a2)) x Aoutstand

use 16mm diameter bolts
cl 3.3.2 a1 = 2296 mm2
(Anet connected)
a2 = 4648 mm2
(Anet outstand)
2
Ae = 5071 mm
2
Table 6 Py = 275 N/mm
Pt = 1395 kN
Pt > 1212 kN
Proposed section is adequate when the tension capacity is considered

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E.3 Bottom cross bracing Design
E.3.1 Special load eveluation for Bottom cross bracing
E.3.1.1 Live loads

Defined HA load(on deck) = 30 kN/m per notional lane
Knife edge load on a member = 120kN
Live load on member for 1m strip = Udl x spacing between two joints + KEL
Live load on member for 1m strip = 30/3.7x3.125 + 120/6 kN/m
= 45.3 kN/m
E.3.1.2 Dead Loads

Slab Load = 0.28x24x3.125x6= 126.000 kN
asphalt layer load = .05x25x3.7x3.125
= 14.453 kN
load of the guard rail = 0.31x3.125 kN = 0.969 kN
Consider 1 meter of the deck.

Dead load on 1m of member = (126.0+14.5+0.1)/6
= 23.6 kN/m
E.3.1.3 Self Weight

Self weight = 108 kN/m
Considering 1m of the deck
Self weight = 108*9.81
= 1.06 kN/m
BS5400 E.3.1.4 Design Load

Part 2 : 1978
Design load = 1.15*conc load + 1.05*self weight + 1.5*live load
= 96.23 kN/m
= 96.2 kN/m

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Selected section for bottom chord is 2/PFC 380 x 100 x 54
E.3.2 Design of Bottom Cross Bracing
E.3. 2.1 Section properties
b
T
t
d
18
b = 100 mm Back to back space = 10
d = 380 mm
T = 17.5 mm py = 275
t = 9.5 mm

cl3.1.2 E 205 kN/mm2
=
property table Ix =30100 cm4 rx = 7.4 cm
Both ends are pinjoints
E.3.2.2 Section classifications
Fig 3 b/T = 100/17.5 = 5.71 ε = (275/275)^0.5

BS 5950 = 1
d/t = 315/(9.5*2)= 16.58
E.3.2.3 Local buckling check
Internal element of compression flange
d/t = 16.6 < 79ε
b/T = 5.71 < 79ε
Section is non slender
4.2.3. E.3.2.4 Shear capacity check

BS 5950
Pv = 0.6*py*Av Av = txD Pv = 1191.3 kN
= 9.5x380x2
= 7220 mm2
d/t = 16.58 < 63ε

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Maximum shear force due to load, Fv = Design load/2

= 288.7 kN
06*Pv = 0.6*386.1
= 714.8 kN > Fv
low shear
Check is OK
cl 4.2.5. E.3.2.5 Moment capacity check
Since the section is plastic and subject to low shear
Mc = Py x S but PyS <=1.2PyZ
3
S = 1870 cm
3
Z = 1580 cm
1.2*Z = 1896 > S
Mc = Py x S
= 514.3 kNm
BMmax = Design Load x Length ^2 /8

= 433 kNm Mc > BMmax
Moment capacity check is O.K.

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E.3.2.7 Deflection check
Table 5 Allowable deflection = span / 360

= 6.0/360
= 16.67 mm
Actual deflection = 5wL4/384EI
cl 3.1.2 E = 205 kN/mm2
δi = 12.39 mm
δi < span / 360
Deflection check is satisfied
Proposed section is adequate

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E.4 Design of diagonals
E.4.1. Compression capacity check.

Maximim axial force of diagonal = 408 kN
(Compression)
Length of maximum compression member = 4650 mm
Maximim axial force of diagonal = 640 kN
(Tension)
Length of maximum tension member = 4650 mm
Selected section for diaganol is 2/PFC 150 x 75 x 18
b
T
t
d

d = 150 mm
T = 10 mm py = 275 mm
t = 5.5 mm
E.1.2 Section Classifications
b/T = 75/10 = 7.50 ε = (275/275)^0.5

= 1
d/t = 150/(2*5.5) = 9.27
Internal element of compression flange
b/T = 7.5 < 26ε
web with natural axis at mid depth
d/t = 9.273 <79ε
i.e. section is plastic

section is Non- slender

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4.7.4. Compression capacity of the member = Pc = Ag*pc

BS 5950
For pc value, Table 27 ( c)
(Rolled channel from table 25)
(d) Calculation of λ λ = le/γ

= 4.650/0.0615
= 75.61
(e) pc value
pc = 169.8 N/mm2 (from Table 27( C) ,λ=75.61 and py=275)
2
Ag = 4550 mm
(f) Compression Capacity
Compression capacity of members = pc*Ag

= 773 kN
Maximum design compression = 408 kN
since408<773, proposed section is adequate when the compression capacity is considered
cl 4.6.1 E.4.2. Tension capacity check
Pt = Ae x Py
cl 3.3.2 a1 = 1170 mm2

a2 = 2560 mm2
Ae = 2650
2
Pt = 728.8 kN
Pt > 640 kN
since640<729, proposed section is adequate when the tension capacity is considered

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E.5 Design of vertical members
Maximum axial force of diagonal = 167 kN

(Tension)
Length of maximum tension member = 3500 mm
Vertical member is design as a tension member
Selected section for top chord is PFC 125 x 65 x 15
b
T
t
d

d = 125 mm
T = 9.5 mm py = 275 mm
t = 5.5 mm
cl 4.6.1 E.4.2. Tension capacity check
Pt = Ae x Py
cl 3.3.2 a1 = 447.5 mm2

a2 = 1080 mm2
Ae = 1046
2
Pt = 287.7 kN
Pt > 167 kN
Since167<288, proposed section is adequate when the tension capacity is considered

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25M Span Single Lane Steel Truss Bridge: Reference Output Calculation

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25M Span Single Lane Steel Truss Bridge: Reference Output Calculation

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Reference Calculation Output

25M SPAN SINGLE LANE STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE

There is a 1.8 m height hand rail at both side of the bridge.

SINGLE LANE TRUSS BRIDGE- 25M SPAN Doc. No.

B. GENERAL DESIGN INFORMATION

B-1. Geometry of the Steel truss bridge

B-3 Load factors

As per Table 1 BS 5400 Part 2 : 1978

B-4 Design Codes ,Manuals and References

BS5400: 1978,British Standard institution Code of practice for bridge design

B-5 Software used

SINGLE LANE TRUSS BRIDGE- 25M SPAN Doc. No.

C. GENERAL LOAD EVALUATION

BS5400 C.1 Live Loads

cl 3.2.9.3.1 Number of notional lanes = 1

C.1.2: Horizontal loads and load effects

C.2 Dead Loads

C.2.1. Weight of Deck slab

Consider longitudinally 1 meter length along the bridge lane

Thickness of the concrete deck slab = 280 mm

Slab Load as UDL (0.28x 24x6.1) = 40.992 kN/m

C.2.2. Weight of Asphalt layer

asphalt layer load as UDL (.05x25x3.7) = 4.625 kN/m

SINGLE LANE TRUSS BRIDGE- 25M SPAN Doc. No.

C.2.3. Weight of guard rail

Dead load on each joint as point load = (40.99+4.625+.31)/2*3.125

C.2.2. Selfweight of truss members

Selfweights of other Other transverce members

1. Bottom cross bracing

2. Bottom chord wind bracing

Point load on bottom truss joint = 3.775 kN

3. Top cross bracing

4. Top chord wind bracing

Point load on top truss joint = 2.003 kN

SINGLE LANE TRUSS BRIDGE- 25M SPAN Doc. No.

Wind loads on Superstructure

vc v = 22.2m/s RDA manual vc v = 22.2m/s RDA manual

pt q = 0.741 N/m2 q=0.613*vc2 pt q = 0.741kN/m2 0.613*vc2

BS5400 Pv q = 0.671kN/m2 Pv q = 0.671kN/m2

C-3 Load Combinations

Servicibility Limit State

SINGLE LANE TRUSS BRIDGE- 25M SPAN Doc. No.

D. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

The main steel truss is analysised

(1) as a 2D truss for load combination1 ( Without lateral-wind forces )

D.1 Servisibility Analysis for Deflection

Maximum vertical deflection at the middle of the truss at 2D SAP model = 38 mm

Maximum deflection at the middle of the truss at 3D SAP model

D.2 Analysised Results for Combination 1

D.2.1 Maximun Axial forces values ( Com 1)

Member Tension Compression

D.3 Analysised Results for Combination 2

Member Tension Compression

SINGLE LANE TRUSS BRIDGE- 25M SPAN Doc. No.

E.1 Top Chord Design

Comb1 is critical for Top Chord

Maximim axial force of Top chord = 1324 kN

Top chord is design as a compression member

Selected section for top chord is 2/PFC 200 x 90 x 30

E.1.1 Section properties

E.1.2 Section Classifications

Fig 3 b/T = 90/14 = 6.43 ε = (275/275)^0.5

Table 7 Internal element of compression flange

pt q = 0.741 N/m2 q=0.613vc2 pt q = 0.741kN/m2 0.613vc2