CLANCY GLOBAL BYTES

Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP): Necessity and helpful

Sewage Treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household
sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological
processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an
environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge)
suitable for disposal or reuse. It reduces portable water demand of a building.

STP is mandatory as per all municipality plans now-a-days and also takes space in parking and lower
ground area. Proper planning in advance will help in reducing the cost of STP and can also help in
space planning.

What is this article about?

This article is mainly divided into three sections:

Section 1 – Covers a general introduction on STP’s and answers to a couple of most asked queries

Section 2 – has a sample calculation for a residential project, this it to understand:

• The basis on which the size of an STP is calculated
• The probable usage of the treated water
• The probable size and cost of the STP

Section 3 – provides an ‘easy-to-refer’ comparative of the different types of STP available, including
cost size etc. the STP processes compared are:
• Extended Aeration Process (EA)
• Submerged Aerobic Fixed Film (SAFF)
• Moving Bed Bio-reactor (MBBR / FAB)
• Rotating Biological Contractor (RBC)

About the Author:

• Firoj Kumar Jena is a mechanical engineer working as Executive Associate- MEP with Clancy
Global Consulting Engineers. He is a member of ISHRAE, ASHRAE, CEEAMA and IPA.
• Milind Sarkate is a mechanical engineer working as a Principal Project Coordinator / Head of the
PHE & FF Department.

www.clancy-global.com
CLANCY GLOBAL BYTES
Section 1 – Process followed in STP

There are different types of STP’s available in the market, which have different processes for
treatment. But the typical process is shown below which gets modified in different types.

Typical location

Ideally Sewerage treatment plant should be in the basement or lower ground i.e. closer to the point
where toilet shafts terminate and closer to the flushing tank with some concrete partition. It can
also be located below ramp or at some other locations.

Odor Problem

If selection of STP is proper, then there will not be any odor problem in STP. But still any smell
comes out from it, a simple exhaust system can work to get away with odor problem. The below
image will help you to understand ideal location of STP and also will show you that people are
standing near it and don’t feel any odor.

www.clancy-global.com
CLANCY GLOBAL BYTES
Section 2 - Sample Calculation

All human beings need water for their daily consumption. The National Building Code of India says
135 liters/person in case of a residential building and 45 liters/person in case of a commercial
building, 30% of which is used for flushing in the toilets.

The below chart will highlight the same thing

WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

No. of Total Bal.
Total Domestic Flushing
Sr. Building Units / Water Treated
Population
No. Type Type of Per Day Water Water Water
Building (Nos.) (lit/person) (lit/person) (lit/person) (LPD)
128 640 86,400 57,600 28,800
2BHK Flats
1.1 5 135 90 45 38,592
(1st To 33th) Nos.
Person/flat Lit/person Lit/person Lit/person
128 128 7,680 7,680 3,840
1.2 Servants Assume 1 60 60.0 30 5,146
Nos. servant per
flat Lit/person Lit/person Lit/person
103 10 155 52 103
Maintenance Assume 10
1.3 15 5.0 10 27
Staff Nos. %Population
of total Flats Lit/person Lit/person Lit/person
TOTAL (Cum/Day) 94 65 33 44
Capacity Of STP ( Cum/Day) 85

Now, the above chart for a residential building in Mumbai indicates that, out of 94 cubic meter of
total water requirement, only 9 cubic meter will be used for drinking and cooking 85 cubic meters
are go either in kitchen or storm or bath rooms. Again 33 cubic meters is required for flushing,
which need not be drinking water. So, if we come out with some treatment system, where 85 cubic
meters of waste water getting reused somehow. The excess water will also used for gardening.

Space requirement for STP:

Although Space requirement for an STP depends on size of occupants, but for a building having
nearly 130 numbers of 2 BHK flats, we need an STP of 85 cubic meters which will take nearly 10
meter by 10 meter floor space. Clear height required will be 5 meter for this.

Costing of Sewage Treatment plant

Although actual costing of an STP depends on capacity, location and process, but an STP of 100 cubic
meters will cost around 15 lakh rupees. In other words, for a residential building of 150 numbers of
2BHK flats, 15 lakh rupees will have to spend for STP.

www.clancy-global.com
CLANCY GLOBAL BYTES

Section 3 – Comparative of different Types of STP – assuming a 100KLD plant

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
Sr No PARAMETERS EA SAFF MBBR / FAB MBR RBC
Extended Aeration Process Submerged Aerobic Fixed Film Moving Bed Bioreactor Membrane Bioreactor Rotating Biological Contactor

OutletTreated Outlet Treated OutletTreated OutletTreated OutletTreated

1 Water Quality Inlet Raw water Inlet Raw water Inlet Raw water Inlet Raw water Inlet Raw water
water water water water water

a PH 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 7.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 7.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 7.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 7.5 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 7.5
b TSS, mg/l 200 to 250 10 200 to 250 10 200 to 250 10 200 to 250 Nil 200 to 250 10
c BOD,mg/l 300 to 400 5 300 to 400 5 300 to 400 10 300 to 400 <3 300 to 400 10
d COD,mg/l 500 to 600 <30 500 to 600 <30 500 to 600 <30 500 to 600 <30 500 to 600 10
e Oil and Grease 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5

2 Area Required ( for 100KLD palnt ) in Sq.mtr 100 - 110 Sq.mtr 70 - 80 Sq.mtr 60 - 70 Sq.mtr 45 - 55 Sq.mtr 30 - 35 Sq.mtr

3 Minimum Required Height 4.5 - 5 mtr 4.5 - 5 mtr 4.5 - 5 mtr 6.5 mtr 4.5 - 5 mtr
4 Power Required / Day 120 kw 120kw 120 kw 140 kw 120kw
5 Operational cost (per Cum) Rs (Power / Chemical) 11 - 12 Rs 11 - 12 Rs 13 - 14 Rs 18-20 Rs 8 - 9 Rs
6 Design Life 30 - 40 Yrs 25 - 30 Yrs 25 - 30 Yrs 7 Yrs 4
Highly trained but Operation is
7 Manpower Required Not Compulsary Not Compulsary Not Compulsary Yes
Automatic Only
Easy and System operate on its Easy and System operate on its Easy and System operate on its
8 Operation Simple Fully Automated
with Simple Automation with Simple Automation with Simple Automation
9 Installation time 16 - 20 Weeks 4 - 6 Weeks 4 - 6 Weeks 8 Weeks 4 - 6 Weeks
10 Retaintion Time of Equilization tank 10-12 hrs 5 Hrs 6 Hrs 8 Hrs 6 Hrs
11 Aeration Tank 10 - 12 hrs 6 - 8 hrs 4 - 6 hrs 4 - 5 hrs 4 - 5 hrs
12 Secondary Filter 2 hrs 2 hrs 2 hrs NA 2 hrs
13 Filter Feed Tank 1 hrs 1 hrs 1 hrs NA 1 hrs
14 Sand Filter Cum/Sq.m/Hr 20 - 22 18 - 15 18 - 15 NA 15
15 Activated Carbon Filter 15 hrs 15 hrs 15 hrs 15 hrs
16 Budgetory Cost 13.2 - 14 Lac 18 - 18.8 Lac 19.6 - 20.4 Lac 26.8 - 29.2 lac 22 - 25 lac
a Mechanical Cost 6 - 6.4 Lac 11.6 - 12 Lac 13.6 - 14 Lac 22 - 24 lac 17 to 20 lac
b Civil Cost 7.2 - 7.6 Lac 6.4 - 6.8 Lac 6 - 6.4 Lac 4.8 - 5.2 Lac 4.4 to 5 lac
Availability of Spare Components for Not readily. Involves membranes Dependent on the RBC
17 Easy Easy Easy
maintainance and automation. Manufacturer,
18 Efficiency of Treatment 97 % to 98 % 97 % to 98 % 92 % to 93 % 98 % to 99 % 97 % to 98 %
Lesser Sludge production due to
19 Sludge Generation Considerable Sludge production Lesser Sludge production Lesser Sludge production No Sludge Return
long sludge age
Township, SEZ, Hotels, IT Parks, Township, SEZ, Hotels, IT Parks, Township, SEZ, Hotels, IT Parks,
20 Application Township, SEZ, Hotels, IT Parks, IT Parks, Malls, Office Buildings
Residential Projects etc Residential Projects, ETP etc Residential Projects, ETP etc

www.clancy-global.com