Linear Algebra Assignment 03

Author: Jing-Zhong Pan

Department: Information Management
ID: 109403027
Date: Oct. 23, 2021.

NCU MIS Jing-Zhong Pan 109403027

Ⅰ. Problems 𝑹𝟑 +𝑹𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ [𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 | −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
1. Solve the following systems of linear equations by inverse
matrix method. 𝑹𝟐 ×(−𝟏) 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 | 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎]
𝒘+𝒙+𝒛 =𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏
𝒙+𝒚+𝒛=𝟔
(𝒂) { 𝟐𝒙𝟏 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 = 𝟑 (𝒃) { 𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝒘+𝒚+𝒛=𝟑 ⇒ [𝟎
−𝒙𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙𝟑 = −𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 | 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎]
𝒘+𝒙+𝒚 = 𝟒
𝟎 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏

𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟎
2. Given two matrices A and B. Find 𝐀−𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁−𝟏 by using row ⇒ [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 | 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎]
operations. 𝟎 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝑹𝟑 −𝟐𝑹𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟏 ⇒ [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 | 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎]
A = [𝟏 𝟐 𝟕] , B = [ ]
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐
𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
⇒ [𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 | 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎]
𝟔 −𝟒 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
𝟒 𝟖 𝟗
3. Given matrices A = [ ] , B = [𝟑 −𝟕] ,
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 −𝟏 𝑹𝟐 −𝑹𝟑
⇒ [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 | 𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟏]
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
C = [𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏] , D = [ 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎] .
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
⇒ 𝐀−𝟏 = [ 𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟏]
Find the results of the following expressions: −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏

(a) (𝟐𝑪 − 𝟑𝑫)𝑻 𝑩 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏

Therefore, X = 𝑨−𝟏 C = [ 𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟏] [ 𝟑 ]
(b) 𝑩𝑻 𝑪 + 𝟐𝑨 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐

𝟎 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟏 × (−𝟐) 𝟏
(c) (𝑪𝑻 𝑫)−𝟏
= [𝟓 × 𝟏 + (−𝟑) × 𝟑 + (−𝟏) × (−𝟐)] = [−𝟐]
(−𝟑) × 𝟏 + 𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟏 × (−𝟐) 𝟏

Ⅱ. Solving Process ⇒ (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = (𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏)

𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏 𝒘+𝒙+𝒛 = 𝟐
𝟏. (𝒂) { 𝟐𝒙𝟏 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 = 𝟑 𝒙+𝒚+𝒛 =𝟔
−𝒙𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙𝟑 = −𝟐 𝟏. (𝒃) {
𝒘+𝒚+𝒛=𝟑
𝒘+𝒙+𝒚 = 𝟒
Let A be the coefficient matrix, X be the variable column matrix,
and B be the constant column matrix, we have: Let A be the coefficient matrix, V be the variable column matrix,
and B be the constant column matrix, we have:
𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝒙𝟏 𝟏
A=[ 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟓 ] , X = [𝒙𝟐 ] , C = [ 𝟑 ] , 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟐
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝒙𝟑 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝒚 𝟔
A=[ ] , V=[ ] , C=[ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒛 𝟑
Thus, the linear system is equivalent to AX = C. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝒘 𝟒
Multiply both sides of the equation by 𝑨−𝟏 , we get: Thus, the linear system is equivalent to AV = C.

𝑨−𝟏 AX = 𝑨−𝟏 C ⇒ X= 𝑨−𝟏 C Multiply both sides of the equation by 𝑨−𝟏 , we get:

Augment A with I to calculate 𝐀−𝟏 : 𝑨−𝟏 AV = 𝑨−𝟏 C ⇒ V = 𝑨−𝟏 C

𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 Augment A with I to calculate 𝐀−𝟏 :
[𝐀|𝐈]= [ 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟓 | 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝑹𝟐 −𝟐𝑹𝟏 [ | ]
⇒ [𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 | −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎] 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

NCU MIS Jing-Zhong Pan 109403027

 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏
𝑹𝟐 −𝑹𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
⇒ [ | ] −𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 = ( )[ ]
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝒙
𝑹𝟒 −𝑹𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ [ | ] 𝒚
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 Therefore, V = 𝑨−𝟏 C =[ ]
𝒛
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝒘
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑹𝟑 −𝑹𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
⇒ [
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
|
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
] = ( ) [−𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 ] [𝟔]
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝑹𝟒 −𝑹𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ [ | ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟔 + (−𝟐) × 𝟑 + 𝟏 × 𝟒 𝟔
𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏(−𝟐) × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟔 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟏 × 𝟒 𝟏 𝟗
= ( )[ ] = ( )[ ]
𝟑 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟔 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 + (−𝟐) × 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎
𝑹𝟏 −𝑹𝟑 𝟏 × 𝟐 + (−𝟐) × 𝟔 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟏 × 𝟒 −𝟑
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ [ | ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 ⇒ (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛, 𝒘) = (𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟏, −𝟏)

𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎
𝑹𝟒 +𝑹𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ [ | ] 2.
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟑 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 A = [𝟏 𝟐 𝟕] , B = [ ]
𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟎 −𝟏 | −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝑹𝟑 ×( )
𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐
⇒ | 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 A matrix is invertible if and only if the determinant of it is NOT
[𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 ( ) (− ) ( ) ( )]
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 equal to zero.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 ( ) ( ) (− ) ( ) First, we find the determinants of both matrices:
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟒 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 | −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨) = [𝟏 × 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟏 × 𝟕 × 𝟐 + 𝟓 × 𝟏 × (−𝟏)]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 | 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
[ ( ) (− ) ( ) ( )] −[𝟓 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟕 × (−𝟏) + 𝟏 × 𝟏 × 𝟒]
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 = [𝟖 + 𝟏𝟒 + (−𝟓)] − [𝟐𝟎 + (−𝟕) + 𝟒]
( ) ( ) (− ) ( )
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
|
𝑹𝟐 +𝑹𝟒 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 ( −𝟐 ) 𝟏
( )
𝟏 𝟏
( ) ( ) = 𝟏𝟕 − 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎
⇒ 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 | 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 Thus, matrix A is NOT invertible.
[ ( ) (− ) ( ) ( )]
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Use Gaussian Elimination to find 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑩) = ∆:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
( ) ( ) (− ) ( )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 | 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟏
𝑹𝟑 −𝟐𝑹𝟒 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 ( −𝟑 ) ( )
𝟑
( )
𝟑
( )
𝟑 [
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏
]
⇒
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐
( ) ( ) ( ) (− )
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 | 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
[ ( ) (− ) ( ) ( ) ]
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 −
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝑬𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
) (
( ) (− ) ( ) ⇒ 𝟏 𝟒 𝟒
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟎 − −
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
(− ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
⇒ 𝐀−𝟏 =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 [𝟎 −
𝟔 𝟔
− ]
𝟔
( ) ( ) ( ) (− )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
[ (𝟑 ) ( −𝟑 ) ( )
𝟑
( ) ]
𝟑 𝑬𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏
𝟎
𝟑 𝟑
−
𝟑
𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
⇒ 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 −
𝟕 𝟕
𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟗
[𝟎 𝟎
𝟕
− ]
𝟏𝟒

NCU MIS Jing-Zhong Pan 109403027

 𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟒 𝟑 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
𝟎 − 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 (− ) | 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎 −𝟏
𝑬𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝑹𝟐 ×( )
𝟗
𝟐 𝟐
⇒
𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎 ⇒ 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 (− ) 𝟎 ( ) ( ) ( )
𝟎 𝟎 − 𝟗 | 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟕 𝟕 𝟑𝟗 𝟏𝟑
𝟏 [𝟎 𝟎 𝟐𝟓 (− ) 𝟏 ( ) 𝟎 𝟕 ]
𝟐 𝟐
[𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 − ]
𝟐𝟔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟓 | 𝟏
𝑹𝟏 +𝟒𝑹𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 (− ) 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎 −𝟏
Multiply the diagonal to get determinant: ⇒ 𝟐 𝟐
𝟕 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 (− ) 𝟎 ( ) ( ) ( )
𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟗 | 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
∆= 𝟔 × × × (− ) = −𝟏 ≠ 𝟎 𝟑𝟗 𝟏𝟑
𝟑 𝟕 𝟐𝟔 [𝟎 𝟎 𝟐𝟓 (− ) 𝟏 ( )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟎 𝟕 ]

Thus, matrix B is invertible. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏

𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
Augment B with I to find 𝐁−𝟏 : 𝟏𝟕 | 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓
𝑹𝟐 +𝟐𝑹𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 ( ) 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
⇒ 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟗 𝟗
𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 (− )
𝟗 | 𝟎 ( )
𝟗
( ) ( )
𝟗 𝟗
[ 𝐁 | 𝐈 ] = [−𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟏 𝟎
|
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
] 𝟑𝟗 𝟏𝟑
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
[𝟎 𝟎 𝟐𝟓 (− ) 𝟏
𝟐 ( )
𝟐
𝟎 𝟕 ]
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
𝒔𝒘𝒂𝒑 𝑹𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝟒 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
⇒ [ | ] 𝟏𝟕 | 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝑹𝟒 +𝟐𝟓𝑹𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 ( ) 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
⇒ 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟗 𝟗
𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 (− ) 𝟎 ( ) ( ) ( )
𝟗 | 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟕 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟑
𝑹𝟐 +𝟐𝑹𝟏
⇒ [
𝟎 −𝟐 𝟒 −𝟓 𝟎
|
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐
] [𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 (− ) 𝟏
𝟏𝟖 ( ) (− ) ( ) ]
𝟏𝟖 𝟗 𝟗
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝑹𝟒 ×(−𝟏𝟖) 𝟏𝟕 | 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓
⇒ 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 ( ) 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
𝑹𝟑 −𝟐𝑹𝟏 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟒 −𝟓 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟗 𝟗
⇒ [ | ] 𝟕 | 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 (− ) 𝟎 ( ) ( ) ( )
𝟔 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
[𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏𝟖 −𝟏𝟕 𝟓𝟎 −𝟐𝟔 ]
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑹𝟒 −𝟔𝑹𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 −𝟑
𝟎 −𝟐 𝟒 −𝟓 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏𝟕 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓
⇒ [ | ] 𝑹𝟏 +( )𝑹𝟒 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 ( ) | 𝟎 (− ) ( ) (− )
𝟎 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟗 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟗 𝟗
𝟎 𝟏𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟔 ⇒
𝟕 | 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 (− ) 𝟎 ( ) ( ) ( )
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟏
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 [𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏𝟖 −𝟏𝟕 𝟓𝟎 −𝟐𝟔 ]
𝑹𝟐 ×(− ) 𝟓 𝟏
⇒
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 (− ) | 𝟎 (− 𝟐) 𝟎 −𝟏
𝟐 | 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 −𝟑
𝟏𝟕
𝟎 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 𝑹𝟐 −( )𝑹 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟔 −𝟒𝟕 𝟐𝟒
[𝟎 𝟏𝟖 𝟒
𝟏𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟔] ⇒ 𝟕 || 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 (− ) 𝟎 ( ) ( ) ( )
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟒 𝟑 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 [𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏𝟖 −𝟏𝟕 𝟓𝟎 −𝟐𝟔]
𝑹𝟏 +𝟐𝑹𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
⇒ 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 (− ) | 𝟎 (− )
𝟐
𝟎 −𝟏
𝟐 | 𝟕 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 −𝟑
𝟎 𝟒 𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 𝑹𝟑 +( )𝑹𝟒
𝟗 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟔 −𝟒𝟕 𝟐𝟒
[𝟎 𝟏𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟔] ⇒ [ | ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟗 −𝟐𝟎
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟒 𝟑 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏𝟖 −𝟏𝟕 𝟓𝟎 −𝟐𝟔
𝑹𝟑 −𝟒𝑹𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
⇒ 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 (− ) | 𝟎 (− )
𝟐
𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 −𝟑
𝟐 |
𝟎 𝟎 𝟗 −𝟕 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 Thus, 𝐁 −𝟏 = [ 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟔 −𝟒𝟕 𝟐𝟒
]
[𝟎 𝟏𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟔] −𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟗 −𝟐𝟎
−𝟏𝟖 −𝟏𝟕 𝟓𝟎 −𝟐𝟔
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟒 𝟑 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
𝟓 𝟏
𝑹𝟒 −𝟏𝟑𝑹𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐 (− ) | 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟔 −𝟒
⇒ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟗
𝟎 𝟎 𝟗 −𝟕 | 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 3. Given matrices A = [ ] , B = [𝟑 −𝟕] ,
𝟑𝟗 𝟏𝟑 𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐
(− ) 𝟏 ( ) 𝟎 𝟕] 𝟐 −𝟏
[𝟎 𝟎 𝟐𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
C = [𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏] , D = [ 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎] .
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟐

NCU MIS Jing-Zhong Pan 109403027

Find the result of the following expressions: 𝟎 𝟖 𝟓 −𝟏
= ([−𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟔])
(a) (𝟐𝑪 − 𝟑𝑫)𝑻 𝑩 𝟎 𝟏𝟑 𝟖

𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑻 𝟔 −𝟒 𝟎 𝟖 𝟓 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
= (𝟐 [𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏] − 𝟑 [ 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 ] ) [𝟑 −𝟕] 𝐚𝐮𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 [−𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟔] 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎],
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

𝟐−𝟑 𝟒−𝟑 𝟒−𝟑 𝑻 𝟔 −𝟒 𝟎 𝟖 𝟓 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎

we get [ 𝑪𝑻 𝑫 | 𝐈 ] = [−𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟔|𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
= ([𝟐 − 𝟑 −𝟒 + 𝟑 𝟐 − 𝟎 ] ) [𝟑 −𝟕]
𝟒+𝟑 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐 𝟔−𝟔 𝟎 𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟐 −𝟏
−𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟔 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝑻 𝟔 −𝟒 𝒔𝒘𝒂𝒑 𝑹𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝟐
⇒ [𝟎 𝟖 𝟓|𝟏 𝟎 𝟎]
= ([−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 ] ) [𝟑 −𝟕] 𝟎 𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟕 −𝟖 𝟎 𝟐 −𝟏
𝟏
𝟏 −𝟔 −𝟑 𝟎 𝟏
−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟕 𝟔 −𝟒 𝑹𝟏 ×(− ) (− ) 𝟎
⇒
𝟐
[𝟎 𝟐
=[ 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟖 ] [𝟑 −𝟕] 𝟖 𝟓 |𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
]
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
(−𝟏) × 𝟔 + (−𝟏) × 𝟑 + 𝟕 × 𝟐 (−𝟏) × (−𝟒) + (−𝟏) × (−𝟕) + 𝟕 × (−𝟏) 𝟏
= [ (−𝟏) × 𝟔 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟖 × 𝟐 (−𝟏) × (−𝟒) + 𝟏 × (−𝟕) + 𝟖 × (−𝟏) ] 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟔 −𝟑 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎
(−𝟏) × 𝟔 + 𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟎 × 𝟐 (−𝟏) × (−𝟒) + 𝟐 × (−𝟕) + 𝟎 × (−𝟏)
𝑹𝟐 ×( )
𝟖 𝟓 | 𝟐
⇒ 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟖 𝟎 𝟎
𝟓 𝟒 [𝟎 𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟖
= [𝟏𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏]
−𝟏𝟏]
𝟎 −𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎
𝑹𝟏 +𝟔𝑹𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
⇒ 𝟓|𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟖 𝟖
(b) 𝑩𝑻 𝑪 + 𝟐𝑨 [𝟎 𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏]

𝟔 −𝟒 𝑻 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝟒 𝟖 𝟗 𝟏 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎
= [𝟑 −𝟕] [𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏] + 𝟐 [ ] 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐 𝑹𝟑 −𝟏𝟑𝑹𝟐
⇒ 𝟓 | 𝟏
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟖 | 𝟖
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟗 [𝟎 𝟎 − − 𝟎 𝟏]
=[ ] [𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏] + 𝟐 [ ] 𝟖 𝟖
−𝟒 −𝟕 −𝟏 𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 (− ) 𝟎
𝟔×𝟏+𝟑×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 𝟔 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × (−𝟐) + 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝟔×𝟐+𝟑×𝟏+𝟐×𝟑 𝑹𝟑 ×(−𝟖) 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
=[
(−𝟒) × 𝟏 + (−𝟕) × 𝟏 + (−𝟏) × 𝟐 (−𝟒) × 𝟐 + (−𝟕) × (−𝟐) + (−𝟏) × 𝟐 (−𝟒) × 𝟐 + (−𝟕) × 𝟏 + (−𝟏) × 𝟑
] ⇒ 𝟓| 𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟖 𝟖
+𝟐 [
𝟒 𝟖 𝟗
]
[𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟎 −𝟖]
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐

𝟏
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟏 𝟒 𝟖 𝟗 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟗 (− ) 𝟔
=[ ]+𝟐[ ] 𝑹𝟏 −( )𝑹𝟑
𝟒 𝟓| 𝟐
−𝟏𝟑 𝟒 −𝟏𝟖 𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐 ⇒ 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟖 𝟎 𝟎
𝟏𝟑 + 𝟖 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟏𝟖 [𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟖
=[ ] 𝟏𝟑 𝟎 −𝟖]
−𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟒−𝟖 −𝟏𝟖 + 𝟒
𝟓
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟗 𝟏
𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟔 𝟑𝟗 𝑹𝟐 −( )𝑹𝟑 (− ) 𝟔
=[ ] ⇒
𝟖
[𝟎 𝟐
−𝟑 −𝟒 −𝟏𝟒 𝟏 𝟎 | −𝟖 𝟎 𝟓
]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟎 −𝟖
𝟏
−𝟗 (− ) 𝟔
(c) (𝑪𝑻 𝑫)−𝟏 𝟐
Thus, (𝑪𝑻 𝑫)−𝟏 = [−𝟖 𝟎 𝟓]
−𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟎 −𝟖
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝑻 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= ([𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏] [ 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎])
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
Ⅲ. Answers
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
= ([𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐] [ 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎])
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 1. (a) (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 ) = (𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏)
−𝟏
𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟐 × (−𝟏) 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × (−𝟏) + 𝟐 × 𝟒 𝟏×𝟏+𝟏×𝟎+𝟐×𝟐
= ([𝟐 × 𝟏 + (−𝟐) × 𝟏 + 𝟐 × (−𝟏) 𝟐 × 𝟏 + (−𝟐) × (−𝟏) + 𝟐 × 𝟒 𝟐 × 𝟏 + (−𝟐) × 𝟎 + 𝟐 × 𝟐]) (b) (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛, 𝒘) = (𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟏, −𝟏)
𝟐 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟑 × (−𝟏) 𝟐 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × (−𝟏) + 𝟑 × 𝟒 𝟐×𝟏+𝟏×𝟎+𝟑×𝟐

2. (a) No solution, matrix A is NOT invertible.

NCU MIS Jing-Zhong Pan 109403027

 −𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 −𝟑
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟔 −𝟒𝟕 𝟐𝟒
(b) 𝐁 −𝟏 = [ ]
−𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟗 −𝟐𝟎
−𝟏𝟖 −𝟏𝟕 𝟓𝟎 −𝟐𝟔

𝟓 𝟒
3. (a) (𝟐𝑪 − 𝟑𝑫)𝑻 𝑩 = [𝟏𝟑 −𝟏𝟏]
𝟎 −𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟔 𝟑𝟗
(b) 𝑩𝑻 𝑪 + 𝟐𝑨 = [ ]
−𝟑 −𝟒 −𝟏𝟒
𝟏
−𝟗 (− ) 𝟔
𝟐
(c) (𝑪𝑻 𝑫)−𝟏 = [−𝟖 𝟎 𝟓]
𝟏𝟑 𝟎 −𝟖

NCU MIS Jing-Zhong Pan 109403027