Hydrosphere: Atmosphere:

A hydrosphere The atmosphere

is the total amount of of Earth,
water on a planet. The commonly
hydrosphere includes
water that is on the
known as air, is
surface of the planet, the layer of
underground, and in gases retained
the air. A planet's by Earth's
hydrosphere can be gravity that
liquid, vapor, or ice. On surrounds the
Earth, liquid water planet and
exists on the surface in
the form of oceans, forms its
lakes and rivers. planetary
atmosphere.
These four subsystems are called
"spheres." Specifically, they are Biosphere:
the "lithosphere"(land),"hydrosph The biosphere is a
ere"(water),"biosphere" (living global ecosystem
things), and "atmosphere" (air). composed of living
Each of these four spheres can be organisms (biota)
further divided into sub-spheres. and the abiotic
Lithosphere: (nonliving) factors
from which they
A lithosphere is the derive energy and
rigid, outermost shell of a nutrients. ... Energy
terrestrial-type planet or flow is required to
natural satellite. On Earth, maintain the
structure of
it is composed of the crust organisms by the
and the portion of the formation and
upper mantle that behaves splitting of
elastically on time scales phosphate bonds.
of up to thousands of
years or more.