6 Fya%Ksh: I Fldgi

.
Ks;h
6 fYa%Ksh
I fldgi
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
i
m<uq jk uqøKh - 2014
fojk uqøKh - 2015
f;jk uqøKh - 2016
isõjk uqøKh - 2017
miajk uqøKh - 2018
yhjk uqøKh - 2019
y;ajk uqøKh - 2020
ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs'
ISBN 978-955-25-0255-2
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,§'
Published by: Educational Publications Department
Printed by: State Printing Corporation
ii
Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh
Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d
iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/òs w;s fidanudk ,xld
OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd
wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d
ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd
kfuda kfuda ud;d
Tn fõ wm úoHd Tn u h wm i;Hd
Tn fõ wm Yla;s wm yo ;=< Nla;s
Tn wm wdf,dafla wmf.a wkqm%dfKa
Tn wm Ôjk fõ wm uqla;sh Tn fõ
kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d
{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd
tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd
huq huq ù fkdmud
fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d
iii
wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda
tl ksjfiys fjfikd
tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ
wm lh ;=< ÿjkd
tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda

tl f,i tys jefvkd
Ôj;a jk wm fuu ksjfia
fid¢k isáh hq;= fõ
ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS

fj<S iu.s oñkS
rka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;d
lsis l, fkdu Èrkd
wdkkao iurfldaka
iv
v
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh
-
mS' tka' whs,mafmreu
- wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
fufyhùu
- wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßiaa îxj¾Ok&
ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s
iïnkaëlrKh
tÉ' pkaÈud l=udß o fidhsid - ksfhdacH flduidßia
à' ã' iS' l,aydß .=Kfialr - ksfhdacH flduidßia
ixialdrl uKav,h
wdpd¾h wd¾' à' iur;=x.
- fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h
.‚; wOHhkdxYh" úoHd mSGh
fld<U úYajúoHd,h
wdpd¾h k,Ska .fkaf.dv
- fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h
.‚; úoHd wOHhkdxYh
jHjydßl úoHd mSGh
YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h
ví,sõ' tï' m%{do¾Yk
- fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h
wOHdmk mSGh
fld<U úYajúoHd,h
î' ã' Ñ;a;dkkao ìhkaú,
- wOHlaI
.Ks; wxYh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
tï' tka' mS' mSßia
- lÓldpd¾h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
tia' rdfÊkaøka - lÓldpd¾h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
tÉ' pkaÈud l=udß o fidhsid - iyldr flduidßia
à' ã' iS' l,aydß .=Kfialr
- iyldr flduidßia
vi
f,aLl uKav,h
î' t,a' iurfialr
- lÓldpd¾h
.‚; wOHhkdxYh" úoHd mSGh
fld<U úYajúoHd,h
î' t,a' ñ;%md, - iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" ylauK
wkqr ã' ùrisxy
- .=re WmfoaYl ^msßfjka&
ud;r Èia;s%lalh
î' tï' ìfida ue‚fla - .=re WmfoaYl
fldÜGdY wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" jdßhfmd,
u¾úka refíre .=Kfialr - úÿy,am;s ^úY%dñl&
tA' Ô' wkqr

- .=re fiajh
;j,u úoHdrdc úoHd,h" ;j,u
hQ'Q t,a' ms%hxld fmf¾rd
- .=re fiajh
Ydka; f;f¾id nd,sld uyd úoHd,h"
we,amsáh
tï' tia' tï' r*s;= - .=re WmfoaYl ^úY%dñl&
hQ' úfõldkkaoka
- úÿy,am;s
isxy, úoHd,h" ÈlaTh
NdId ixialrKh
YS%u;S uqKisxy
- .=re fiajh ^úY%dñl&
ch;a mshoiqka
- iydh ixialdrl"
kuialdr i`.rdj" f,alayjqia" fld<U 10
Ñ;% yd rEm igyka ks¾udKh
tï' tia' wd¾' m%kdkaÿ
- fcHIaG wNHdi bxðfkare
,xld c¾uka ld¾ñl wNHdi wdh;kh"
fudrgqj
mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh
î' tA' p,ks hqrx.d -- f;dr;=re ;dlaIK YdLdj"
ví' tA' mQ¾Kd chñ‚ - f;dr;=re ;dlaIK YdLdj"
msgljr ks¾udKh
wd¾' tï' rð; iïm;a
- f;dr;=re ;dlaIK YdLdj"
vii
f,aLl iy ixialdrl uKav, igyk
2015 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul jk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, j yh jk fY%aKsfha
isiqka i|yd fuu fmd; iïmdokh lr we;'
ksmqK;d mdol lr.;a m%fõYhla iys; j fuu fm<fmd; ilia lrk ,È' tu.ska
.Ks; ixl,am ms<sn| oekqu orejkag ,nd§u fuka u tu oekqu tÈfkod Ôú;fha
§ Ndú;h ms<sn| l=i,;d j¾Okh ùu o wfmalaId flf¾' zz.Ks; úIh ;udg
fyd¢ka m%.=K l< yels hZZ hk wdl,amh orejka ;=< j¾Okh lsÍug fuu fmd;
iïmdokfha § wms W;aidy .;af;uq'
.Ks; ixl,am yeoEÍfï uQ,sl wä;d,u úêu;a j f.dvke.Sfï wjYH;dj fuu

fm<fmd; ieliSfï § úfYaIfhka ie,ls,a,g .kakd ,È' fuu fmd; yqfola mdi,a
wjêfha meje;afjk úNd. b,lal fldg.;a bf.kqï fuj,ula u fkdfõ' th
orejd ;=< j¾Okh úh hq;= ;¾ldkql+, Ñka;kh" ksjerÈ oelau yd ks¾udKYS,s;ajh
jeä ÈhqKq lrk udOHhla f,i i,ld iïmdokh lrk ,È'
tfukau orejd ;=< .Ks; ixl,am ;yjqre lsÍug fuys we;=<;a fndfyda l%shdldrlï"
ksoiqka yd wNHdi tÈfkod Ôú;fha w;aoelSï iuÕ .<md iïmdokh lr we;'
tu.ska .Ks;h tÈfkod Ôú;hg fld;rï jeo.;a úIhla o hkak orejkag ;yjqre
jkq we;' fuu fm<fmd; fj; orejka fhduq lrk .=reNj;=kag fuu fmdf;ys
wvx.= oE mokï lrf.k orejdf.a bf.kqï rgdjg yd uÜgug .e<fmk ;j;a
bf.kqï fuj,ï ilid .; yels h'
fuu fm<fmdf;ys tla tla mdvfuka orejd bf.k .; hq;= oE ms<sn| woyila tu
mdvu wdrïNfha" § we;' mdvug wod< iqúfYaIS lreKq u;lhg k.d .ekSug iEu
mdvula u wjidkfha tys idrdxYh we;=<;a lr we;' mdi,a jdrhla ;=< § lrk
,o jev mqkÍlaIKh i|yd tla tla jdrhg wod< mdvï wjidkfha § mqkÍlaIK
wNHdihla ne.ska" § we;'
.Ks; ixl,am wjfndaO lr .ekSfï § iEu orejl= u tlu olaI;djla fmkakqï

fkdlrhs' tneúka" ish m%ùK;d uÜgug wkqj tla tla orejd okakd foa weiqfrka
fkdokakd foa fj; fhduq lrùu wjYH fõ' th jD;a;Sh uÜgfï .=rejrhl=g
uekúka isÿ l< yels nj wms úYajdi lruq'
bf.kqï l%shdj,shl § orejdg ;ksj hula is;d th m%.=K lsÍug ld,h ,nd Èh hq;=
h' tfuka u .Ks;fhys kHdhd;aul oekqug muKla u iSud fkdfldg w;aoelSfuka
o .Ks;h m%.=K lsÍug bv m%ia;dj ie,ish hq;= h'
lemùfuka .‚;h úIhh bf.k f.k ;¾ldkql+, Ñka;khlska fyì nqoaêu;a

mqrjeishl= ùug orejkag yels fõjd hkak wmf.a m%d¾:kh hs'
f,aLl iy ixialdrl uKav,h
viii
mgqk

1' jD;a; 1
2' ia:dkSh w.h 8
3' mQ¾K ixLHd u; .‚; l¾u 21
4' ld,h 38
5' ixLHd f¾Ldj 61
6' ksudkh yd jgehSu 74
7' fldaK 84
8' ÈYd 94
mqkÍlaIK wNHdih 106

9' Nd. 110
10' f;aÍu 132
11' idOl yd .=Kdldr 137
mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj 152
mdvï wkql%uh 154
ix
x
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
1 jD;a;
fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"

²² jD;a;dldr yevh we;s øjH y÷kd .ekSug iy
²² jD;a;dldr yevh we;s øjH Ndú;fhka fudaia;r ks¾udKh
lsÍug"
yelshdj ,efí'
1'1 jD;a;dldr yevh we;s oE y÷kd .ekSu
Tn okakd úúO yev w;=ßka" tla yevhla jk jD;a;dldr

yevh we;s oï mdg ldâm;l rEmhla fuys oelafõ'
jD;a;dldr yevh oelsh yels ;j;a jia;= lsysmhl rEm my; oelafõ'
1'1 wNHdih
(1) my; i|yka oE w;=ßka jD;a;dldr yevh oelsh yels jia;= f;dard
,shkak'
(i) .‚;h fm<fmd; (ii) rndk (iii) ls%lÜ ms;a;
(iv) fmfkarh (v) l=,a, (vi) jdykhl iqlaldku
(vii) jdykhl frdaoh (viii) f;a yekao (ix) l<h
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 1

12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
1'2 øjH Ndú;fhka jD;a; we£u
jD;a;dldr yevh iys; øjH lsysmhla Ndú;fhka" jD;a;dldr yevh w¢k

wdldrh my; oelafõ' th fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lr my; l%shdldrlfuys
ksr; jkak'
ls%hdldrlu 1
mshjr 1 - remsh,a fofla ldishla" fldamm

a hla iy mSßishla imhd .kak'
mshjr 2 - fuu tla tla oE Ndú;fhka jD;a;dldr yevh ne.ska w¢kak'
mshjr 3 - jD;a;dldr yevh we;s fjk;a øjH lsysmhla o Ndú; lrñka
jD;a;dldr yevh ne.ska w¢kak'

by; l%shdldrlfï §" remsh,a fofla ldish
Ndú; lr w¢k ,o rEmh fuys oelafõ' tn÷
rEmhl we;s iïmQ¾K jl% f¾Ldj jD;a;hla
f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'
by; l%shdldrlfï § we¢ jD;a;" m%udKfhka
tlsfklg fjkia nj ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
2
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 - fldamamhla fhdod f.k" jD;a;dldr yevh lvodishl
w¢kak'
mshjr 2 - fuu jD;a;dldr yevfha jl% f¾Ldj
Tiafia lemSfuka" jD;a;dldr fldgi fjka
lr.kak' oeka Tng ,eî we;af;a jD;a;dldr
wdia;rhls'
mshjr 3 - tu jD;a;dldr wdia;rh rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ
iudk fldgia follg fnfok fia kukak'

mshjr 4 - keuqï f¾Ldj" fldaÿjl wdOdrfhka mekai,lska
,l=Kq lr.kak'
mshjr 5 - fjk;a keuqï f¾Ldjlaa Tiafia" fmr mßoafoka u jD;a;dldr

wdia;rh iudk fldgia follg kej; kukak'
mshjr 6 - fojk keuqï f¾Ldj o fmr mßÈ u ,l=Kq lrkak' fujeks
;j;a keuqï f¾Ld lsysmhla fmr mßÈ u ,l=Kq lrkak'
mshjr 7 - fuu keuqï f¾Ld ish,a,u tl u ,laIHhla
yryd hk nj ksÍlaIKh lrkak' tu ,laIHfha
isg jl% odrh u; msysá ,laIH lsysmhlg we;s
ÿr tl iudk oe hs fldaÿj Ndú;fhka n,kak'
mSßish iy ldish Ndú;fhka o by; l%shdldrlfuys ;jÿrg;a
fhfokak'
jD;a;dldr wdia;rhla" iudk fldgia follg fnfok keuqï f¾Ld

lefmk ;ek isg jl% odrh u; ´kE u ,laIHhlg we;s ÿr tl
iudk jk nj fuu l%shdldrlñka Tng ikd: fõ'
3
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 - ldishla Ndú; lrñka wNHdi fmdf;a jD;a;hla w¢kak'

mshjr 2 - jD;a;h we;=<; ''X'' ,l=K fhdokak'
mshjr 3 - jD;a;h u; ;s;la ;nkak'
mshjr 4 - jD;a;hg msg;ska '''' ,l=K fhdokak'

by; l%shdldrlfï ksr; jQ Tng ,enqKq rEmh" fuu

rEmh iu`. ii|d n,kak'

fuf,i Tng jD;a;h we;=<;" jD;a;h u; yd jD;a;fhka msg; msysàï

y÷kd .; yels fõ'
1'2 wNHdih
(1) my; oelafjk øjH lÜg,fhka" jD;a; we£ug Ndú; l< yels øjH
f;dard" tajdfha wxl ,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(v) (vi) (vii)
4
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(2) my; oelafjk rEm w;=ßka jD;a; f;dard" tajdfha wxl ,shkak'
(ii) (iii) (iv)

(i)
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
(3) jD;a;dldr yevh we;s øjH lsysmhla imhd f.k" m%udKfhka

tlsfklg fjkia jD;a; lsysmhla w¢kak'
(4) fuys oelafjk rEmfhys" ● K
(i) jD;a;h
we;=<; msysàï olajd we;s ● X
B ●
wlaIr kï lrkak' ●P ●
O
(ii) jD;a;h u; msysàï olajd we;s wlaIr ●
A
kï lrkak' ●E
(iii) jD;a;hg msg; msysàï olajd we;s wlaIr
L●
kï lrkak'
(5) mqjrejlg bÈßfhka jQ ia:dkhl isg tu mqjrejg B;, t,a, lsÍfï

;r.hl §" jD;a;h u;g B ysi m;s; jQ úg ,l=Kq 10la o jD;a;h
we;=<g B ysi m;s; jQ úg ,l=Kq 5la o ,efí' tfy;a jD;a;fhka
msg;g m;s; jQ úg ,l=Kq fkd,efí'
by; ;r.hg iyNd.s jQ isiqka lKavdhul" tla tlaa isiqjd úiska
t,a, lrk ,o B;,fha ysi m;s; jQ ia:dkh rEmfha oelafõ'
5
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(i) ,l=Kq 10la ,nd .;a isiqfjda ljqre o@ ixÔj
,l=Kq 5la ,nd .;a isiqfjda ljqre o@
(ii) ,l=Kq ,nd .ekSug fkdyels jQfha ldyg
iqks,a m%§ma
o@
(iii) fuu iEu isiqjl=g u ;j;a jdr fol
neÕska ,nd fokafka kï" fudydkag k*S,a
,nd .; yels Wmßu uq¿ ,l=Kq .Kk
rð; fudydka
fldmuK o@
1'3 jD;a; fudaia;r we£u

jD;a; Ndú;fhka w¢k ,o fudaia;r ;=kla my; oelafõ' fujeks
fudaia;r frÈms<sj," W;aij ieris,sj, yd wd.ñl isoaOia:dkj,
fndfyda úg olakg ,efí'
ls%hdldrlu 4
mshjr 1 - fldaÿj Ndú;fhka lvodishl
f¾Ldjla w¢kak'

mshjr 2 - ldishla Ndú; lrñka rEmfha
mßÈ jD;a;hla w¢kak'

mshjr 3 - ldish flá ÿrla f¾Ldj Èf.a
f.k f.dia rEmfha mßÈ ;j;a
jD;a;hla w¢kak'

mshjr 4 - ldish ;j;a flá ÿrla f¾Ldj
Èf.a f.k f.dia kej;;a
jD;a;hla w¢kak'
6
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
mshjr 5 - mshjr 4ys mßÈ jrlg ldish flá ÿrla ne.ska f¾Ldj
Èf.a f.k hñka" jD;a; 20 la muK w¢kak'
by; l%shdldrlfuys mßÈ úúO jl% f¾Ld Tiafia o ldish f.k hñka
jD;a; we|" úúO fudaia;r ks¾udKh lrkak'
tjeks tla fudaia;rhla fuys oelafõ'
ls%hdldrlu 5
mshjr 1 -- jD;a; we£ug Ndú; l< yels øjH lsysmhla" mdg mekai,a
yd lvodis imhd .kak'
mshjr 2 - úúO j¾K Ndú; lrñka"
(i) imhd .;a øjH tlla muKla Ndú;fhka
(ii) úúO m%udKfha øjH folla fyda lsysmhla fyda
Ndú;fhka
jD;a; fudaia;r ks¾udKh lrkak'
mshjr 3 - Tfí ldurh w,xldr lsÍu i|yd jD;a; fudaia;r weiqfrka
ì;a;s ieris,a,lg iqÿiq ks¾udKhla lrkak'
idrdxYh
²² wm wjg mßirfha jD;a;dldr yevh we;s úúO m%udKfha jia;=
fndfyda we;'
²² jD;a; Ndú; lrñka úúO fudaia;r ks¾udKh l< yels fõ'
7
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2 ia:dkSh w.h
² mQ¾K ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh
w.h oek .ekSug"
² mQ¾K ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h oek
.ekSug iy
² ì,shk l,dmh f;la ixLHd lshùug yd wl=ßka ,sùug
yelshdj ,efí'
2'1 ia:dkSh w.h

ixLHd ,sùfï §" wm nyq, j Ndú; lrkafka yskaÿ wrdì ixLHd
l%uh hs' tu l%uh wkqj ixLHd ,sùfï § 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 yd 9 hk
b,lalï oyh Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
ìkaÿfõ isg kjh f;la we;s ixLHdjla ,sùfï §" wm tla b,lalula tla
ia:dkhl ,shhs' WodyrKhla f,i" ;=k hk ixLHdj b,lalï Ndú;
lr ,shkq ,nkafka 3 f,i h' tkï" 3 ,sùug tla ia:dkhla Ndú;
lrkq ,efí' tla ia:dkhla muKla fhdod f.k ,súh yels úYd,;u
ixLHdj 9 fõ'
kjhg jvd tllska úYd, ixLHdj oyh fõ' oyfha isg wkQ kjh
f;la we;s ixLHdjla ,shkafka" b,lalï folla fyda tl u b,lalu
foj;djla fyda ia:dk folla fhdod f.k ,sùfuks'
WodyrKhla f,i" oyh hk ixLHdj" b,lalï Ndú; lr ,shkq
,nkafka 10 f,i h' wkQ kjh hk ixLHdj" b,lalï Ndú; lr ,shkq
,nkafka 99 f,i h' tkï" 10 iy 99 ,sùug ia:dk fol ne.ska Ndú;
lrkq ,efí'
oeka wms 3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol" ia:dk foll fhdoñka ,shk ixLHd
lsysmhla úuid n,uq'
3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol 35 f,i ,shQ úg ixLHdj —;sia my˜ fõ'
3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol 53 f,i ,shQ úg ixLHdj —mkia ;=k˜ fõ'
8
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tkï 3 yd 5 hk tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkh wkqj ,efnk ixLHd
tlsfklg fjkia fõ'
oeka wms ixLHdjl" tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh
w.h;a" tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h;a meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'
² mn¿ ;sia myla f.k oyh ne.ska je,aj,g weuqKQ úg oyfha mn¿
je,a 3la ,efnk w;r" mn¿ 5la b;sß fõ'
oyfha tajd 3 hs' tfla tajd 5 hs'

mn¿ ;sia my" oyfha tAjd ;=klg;a" tfla tAjd mylg;a fjka l< yels h'
tkï"
;sia my = oyfha tAjd 3 + tfla tAjd 5 = 35

by; meyeÈ,s lsÍug wkqj" ;siamfyys tfla tajd 5 ksrEmKh lsÍug" 5
b,lalu ,shk ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 1 f,i f.k we;' tu ia:dkh
tlia:dkh f,i kï lrkq ,efí'
;sia mfyys" oyfha tajd 3 ksrEmKh lsÍug tlia:dkhg jï miska jQ

ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 10 f,i f.k" 3 b,lalu tu ia:dkfhys
,shd we;' tu ia:dkh oiia:dkh f,i kï lrkq ,efí'
tla tla ia:dkh y;/ia fldgqjlska i,l=Kq fldg" 35ys tla tla
b,lalfï ia:dkh my; rEmfha olajd we;'

oiia:dkh tlia:dkh
3 5
oiia:dkfha b,lalu tlia:dkfha b,lalu
9
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
35" .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh lruq'

10 tAjd 1 tAjd
35 = 10 tAjd 3 + 1 tAjd 5 nj wms bf.k .;af;uq'
tf,i u"
53 = 10 tAjd 5 + 1 tAjd 3 = 50 + 3 o
65 = 10 tAjd 6 + 1 tAjd 5 = 60 + 5 o
99 = 10 tAjd 9 + 1 tAjd 9 = 90 + 9 o fõ'
tkï" ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkh wkqj tu b,lalfuka

ksrEmKh jk w.hla o we;s nj Tng meyeÈ,s fõ'
oeka wms 35ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h fidhuq'

35ys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 10 tAjd 3 = 30
35ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 1 tAjd 5 = 5

tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh l< yels jeä u w.h 9 fõ'

oiia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh l< yels jeä u w.h 90 fõ'
.Kl rduqjl tla l+rla i|yd fhÈh yels jeä u .Kl ixLHdj
9ls'
10
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ixLHdj b,lalu
ia:dkfha ku ksrEmKh jk w.h
45 4 oiia:dkh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 40
''''''''''''
45 5 tlia:dkh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
''''''''''''
30 0 tlia:dkh 0
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''
2'1 wNHdih
(1) my; olajd we;s j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha

ixLHdj b,lalu b,lalu b,lalfuka b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk ksrEmKh jk
w.h w.h
63
76
40
88
2'2 ia:dkSh w.h ;jÿrg;a

ia:dk folla fhdodf.k ,súh yels úYd,;u
ixLHdj 99 fõ' tys oyfha tAjd 9la o tfla tAjd 9la
o we;' 99g jvd 1la úYd, ixLHdj ishh fõ'
10 tAjd 1 tAjd
ishh b,lalfuka ,sùu i|yd tlia:dkh iy oiia:dkh m%udKj;a

fkdfõ' tneúka oiia:dkhg jïmi ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 100la
f,i f.k tu ia:dkh ishia:dkh f,i i,lkq ,efí'
11
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6

túg" —ishh˜ b,lalï Ndú; lrñka ia:dk ;=kla
fhdodf.k 100 f,i ,shkq ,efí'
100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd
ixLHdj 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

100 1 0 0
ia:dk ;=kl" b,lalï fhdoñka ,shk ixLHd ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid

n,uq'
2" 4 iy 5 hk b,lalï ;=k f.k ;eksh yels ixLHd lsysmhla my;

oelafõ' tAjdfha 5 fh§ we;s wdldrh úuis,su;a j n,kak'
245 foish y;,sia my

254 foish mkia y;r
524 mkaish úis y;r
245ys 5 msygs kafka tlia:dkfha fõ' 245ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 1 tAjd 5 = 5
254ys 5 msygs kafka oiia:dkfha fõ' 254ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 10 tAjd 5 = 50
s kafka ishia:dkfha fõ' 524ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 100 tAjd 5 = 500
524ys 5 msyg
fï wkqj" by; ixLHdj, 5 msysá ia:dkh wkqj" 5ka ksrEms; w.h

fjkia jk nj meyeÈ,s h'
ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h

ms<sfj<ska ol=fKa isg jug 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10000 wdÈ jYfhka fõ'
fï wkqj ixLHdjl tl <Õ we;s b,lalï foll jïmi we;s b,lalu

msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h" ol=Kqmi we;s b,lalu msysá
ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h fuka oi .=Khls'
12
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
oeka wms 2" 4" 5" 6 iy 7 hk b,lalï" ia:dk myl fhdoñka ,shk ,o
67524 ixLHdfõ tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkh kï lruq'
h
a : dk h h h h
i d k d k d k d k
oy ia: ia: ia: ia:
oi oy ish oi tl
6 7 5 2 4
tlia:dkfha b,lalu
oi oyia:dkfha b,lalu oiia:dkfha b,lalu
oyia:dkfha b,lalu ishia:dkfha b,lalu
67524 .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh lruq'
10000 tAjd 1000 tAjd 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd
67524 = 10000 tAjd 6 + 1000 tAjd 7 + 100 tAjd 5 + 10 tAjd 2 + 1 tAjd 4

oeka wms 67524 ixLHdfjys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h fidhuq'
67524ys 4 msysgkafka tlia:dkfha fõ' 4ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 4 fõ'
67524ys 2 msysgkafka oiia:dkfha fõ' 2ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 20 fõ'
67524ys 5 msysgkafka ishia:dkfha fõ' 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 500 fõ'
67524ys 7 msysgkafka oyia:dkfha fõ' 7ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 7000 fõ'
67524ys 6 msysgkafka oi oyia:dkfha fõ' 6ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 60000 fõ'
ksoiqk 1
5968ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
8ka ksrEms; w.h = 1 tajd 8 = 8
5ka ksrEms; w.h = 1000 tajd 5 = 5000
13
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2'2 wNHdih
(1) 99601 hk ixLHdfõ"
(i) ol=K; fl<jr isg jï w;g y;rfjkshg fh§ we;s 9ka
ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(ii) 0 msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h lSh o@
(iii) 0ka ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(iv) ol=K; fl<jr isg jï w;g miafjkshg fh§ we;s 9ka
ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(2) my; oelafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
ixLHdj b,lalu tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
7940 9
8095 9
4568 5
1273 7
34856 5
94512 4
94512 5
19085 1
19085 0
5436 5
(3) 4" 5 iy 8 hk tla tla b,lalu tlajrla muKla fhdod .ksñka ,súh
yels ia:dk ;=fka ixLHd ish,a, ,shkak' tu tla tla ixLHdfõ" 8
msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h iy 8ka ksrEms; w.h ,shkak'
(4) 2" 4" 5 iy 9 hk tla tla b,lalu tlajrla muKla fhdod .ksñka
,súh yels"
(i) ia:dk y;f¾ úYd,;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys tla tla b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(ii) ia:dk y;f¾ l=vd;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys tla tla b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
14
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2'3 ixLHd l,dm
mdi,a lsysmhl 6 isg 11 fY%a‚h olajd bf.kqu ,nk uq¿

isiqka ixLHdj 2836696ls'
by; olajd we;s m%ldYfha isiqka ixLHdj" Tng lshúh yels oe hs

n,kak' fujeks ixLHd lshjk wdldrh;a" wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh;a
my; úia;r lr we;'
2836696 ixLHdj i,luq'
fuu ixLHdj" tlia:dkfha isg jï w;g ms<sfj<ska ia:dk ;=k ne.ska
b,lalï" ldKavj,g fjka lr" my; wdldrhg ,shuq'
2 836 696
by; oelafjk wdldrhg fjka lrk ,o ldKavhla" ixLHd l,dmhla
hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí'
fuu fjka lsÍfï §" wjidkhg fjka flfrk tkï" jï w; fl<jfrys
jQ l,dmfha we;s" b,lalï fhfok ia:dk .Kk ;=kg jvd wvq úh
yels h' by; ixLHdfjys tu jï w; fl<jr l,dmfha ;sfnkafka tla
b,lalula mu‚' tkï 2 mu‚'
fuu ixLHdfõ l,dm my; oelafjk wdldrhg kï lruq'
2 836 696 fuu ixLHdj lshjkafka foñ,shk wgish

;sia yh oyia yhish wkQ yh f,i hs'
ñ,shk oyia tall
l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh
oeka wms 967476568 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh úuid n,uq'

m%:ufhka fuu ixLHdj my; wdldrhg ol=K; isg jï w;g l,dmj,g
fjka lruq'
967 476 568 fuu ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka kjish

yeg y;a ñ,shk ydrish ye;a;E yh
ñ,shk oyia tAll oyia mkaish yeg wg f,i hs'
l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh
15
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
7686975623 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh o úuid n,uq'
m%:ufhka th l,dmj,g fjka lruq'
7 686 975 623
ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh
ñ,shk l,dmhg miqj tk l,dmh ì,shk l,dmh f,i kï lrkq

,efí'
by; ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka y;a ì,shk yhish wiQ yh ñ,shk
kjish ye;a;E mkaoyia yhish úis ;=k f,i hs'
675278285676 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh ,nd .ekSug o my; whqßka

l,dmj,g fjka l< yels h'
675 278 285 676
ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh
fuu ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka yhish ye;a;E mka ì,shk foish ye;a;E
wg ñ,shk foish wiQ mka oyia yhish ye;a;E yh hkqfjks'
ixLHdjla tlia:dkfha isg jï w;g fufia ia:dk ;=k ne.ska ldKav
lr ,sùu" tu ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,sùu f,i ye¢kafõ'
iïu; wdldrhg ixLHdjla ,sùfï § tla tla l,dmh fjka lr y÷kd
.ekSug l,dm folla w;r l=vd bvla ;nkq ,efí'
ixLHdjla iïu; wdldrhg ,shd .ekSfuka tu ixLHdj myiqfjka
lshjd .; yels jk w;r" tys úYd,;ajh .ek jegySula o ,nd .;
yels h'
igyk # ixLHd ,sùfï § iïu; wdldrh by; oelajQ wdldrhu fõ'
ixLHd ,sùfï § l,dm fjka lsÍug l,dm w;r we;s l=vd bv fjkqjg
fldudjla o fhdod .kakd iuyr wjia:d we;' kuq;a th ixLHd ,shk
iïu; wdldrh fkdfõ'
16
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
idudkH wdldrh iïu; wdldrh
2,854,375 2 854 375
43,529,644 43 529 644
204,007,800 204 007 800
8,430,000,000 8 430 000 000
ixLHd lsysmhla lshjk wdldrh my; j.=fõ oelafõ' tAjd wl=ßka ,shk
wdldrh o thu fõ'
l,dmh ixLHdj lshjk $ wl=ßka ,shk

ixLHdj
ñ,shk oyia tAll wdldrh
yeg ;=ka oyia foish ye;a;E
63 276 63 276
yh
yhish mkia y;r oyia ;=kaish
654 378 654 378
ye;a;E wg
2 000 375 2 000 375 foñ,shk ;=kaish ye;a;E my
43 001 000 43 001 000 y;,sia ;=ka ñ,shk tla oyi
foish y;r ñ,shk y;a oyia

204 007 800 204 007 800
wgishh
ixLHdjla wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh fyda lshjk wdldrh fyda tys ixLHd
kduh f,i ye¢kafõ'
uqo,a .kqfokq iïnkaO ,smsf,aLkj, § fuf,i uqo, wl=ßka ,shd
oelaùu nyq, j isÿ fõ'
wu;r oekqug
ixLHdj ixLHd kduh jHjydrfha mj;sk fjk;a kdu
100 000 ishla oyi ,laIh
1 000 000 ñ,shkh oi ,laIh
10 000 000 oi ñ,shkh fldaáh
100 000 000 ishla ñ,shkh oi fldaáh
17
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 1
(1) my; j.=fõ ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'
ixLHdj ixLHd kduh

63 465 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
71 005 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
125 368 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
300 300 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2 178 525 348 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;=ka ñ,shk wg ish oyia foiSh'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' y;a ì,shk foish mkia ñ,shk úiai'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wg ì,shk wg'
2'3 wNHdih
(1) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrfhka ,shkak'
(i) 72350 (ii) 55000 (iii) 27201125

(iv) 300001279 (v) 299000001 (vi) 21345699
(2) l,dmj,g fjka lr olajd we;s" my; oelafjk ixLHd wl=ßka ,shd
olajkak'
l,dmh ixLHdj
ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll wl=ßka
(i) 10 040 500 000
(ii) 4 750 050 000
(iii) 1 010 100 500
(iv) 75 004 350 050
(3) my; olajd we;s ixLHd fhdod f.k j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(i) 76735 (ii) 864657 (iii) 2769812 (iv) 47867619
(v) 763156561 (vi) 6746971256 (vii) 276523164515
18
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
l,dmh ixLHdj
ixLHdj ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll wl=ßka

(4) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shd" ixLHd
kduh o ,shd olajkak'
(i) 50800435000 (ii) 43050800500 (iii) 585000430
(iv) 300001283 (v) 299000003 (vi) 272000023
(vii) 100200030000 (viii) 553000000 (ix) 47000005
(5) my; wl=ßka olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak'
(i) ydrish mka oyi (ii) ;=kaish úismka oyia mkaishh
(iii) y;r ñ,shk wgish oyi (iv) yh ì,shk yeg ñ,shkh
(v) oywg ñ,shk úis y;r oyia mky
(6) mDÓúh yd iQ¾hhd w;r ÿr

149597870 lsf,daógr 149597870ls' fuu
ixLHdj iïu; wdldrfhka
,shd wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh o
iQ¾hhd
mDÓúh ,shd olajkak'
(7) jHdmdßlhl= remsh,a 15006500 l uqo,la nexl=jl ;ekam;a lsÍug

hhs' Tyq nexl= fmdaruhl tu uqo, wl=ßka ,shd oelaúh hq;af;a
flfia o@
ñY% wNHdih
(1) fuys olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj" ksoiqfka oelafjk wdldrhg
ia:dkSh w.h weiqfrka úysÿjd ,shkak'
19
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk
6745 = 1000 tAjd 6 + 100 tAjd 7 + 10 tAjd 4 + 1 tAjd 5
(i) 24 (ii) 40 (iii) 546 (iv) 7163 (v) 92651
(2) my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ixLHdj b,lalu
(i) 80 341 3
(ii) 64 592 9
(iii) 200 450 2
(iv) 185 340 8
(v) 4 500 000 4
(3) 8" 6" 5" 3 iy 1 hk b,lalïj,ska" tla b,lalula tla jrla muKla
fhdod.ksñka ,súh yels ia:dk y;f¾"
(i) úYd,;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(ii) l=vd;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(4) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shd" tAjd lshjk
wdldrh o ,shd olajkak'
(i) 450050 (ii) 37504537 (iii) 212345699
(iv) 8432109640 (v) 2003040050 (vi) 143021000
(5) tlsfklg fjkia jQ b,lalï ;=kla Ndú;fhka ,súh yels" wjika
l,dmh ñ,shk l,dmh jk l=vd;u ixLHdj l=ula o@ tu ixLHdj
wl=ßka o ,shd olajkak'
(6) wjika l,dmh ì,shk l,dmh jk úYd,;u ixLHdj l=ula o@ tu
ixLHdj wl=ßka o ,shd olajkak'
idrdxYh
²² ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msyá s ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h
ms<f
s j<ska ol=Kq w; isg jï w;g 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10 000 wdÈ
jYfhka fõ'
²² ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h" tu b,lalu
msysá ia:dkh wkqj ;SrKh fõ'
²² ixLHdjla iïu; wdldrhg ,shd .;a úg" tu ixLHdj lshùu yd
wl=ßka ,shd oelaùu myiq fõ'
20
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3 mQ¾K ixLHd u; .Ks; l¾u
²²mQ¾K ixLHd tl;= lsÍug"
²²mQ¾K ixLHdjlska Bg jvd l=vd mQ¾K ixLHdjla wvq lsÍug"
²²mq¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍug iy
²²mQ¾K ixLHdjla" mQ¾K ixLHdjlska fn§ug
yelshdj ,efí'
Tn oekg bf.k f.k we;s tl;= lsÍu" wvq lsÍu" .=K lsÍu yd fn§u
hk .‚; l¾u" fuu mdvfï § jvd;a úêu;a j Tng bf.k .ekSug
wjia:dj ie,fia'
3'1 mQ¾K ixLHd tl;= lsÍu
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... hk ixLHd mQ¾K ixLHd f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'

m<uqjk fjf<kaod fojk fjf<kaod
m<uqjk fjf<kaod <`. ne¨ï fnda, 12la o fojk fjf<kaod <`.
ne¨ï fnda, 13la o we;' fuu tla tla fjf<kaod <`. we;s ne¨ï fnda,
.Kfkys tl;=j 25la nj tajd ish,a, .Kka lsÍfuka oek .; yels h'
fuu ms<s;=r" ixLHd fofla tlia:dkfha b,lalï 12
fol fjk u o" oiia:dkfha b,lalï fol fjk + 13
u o tl;= lr ,nd .; yels h' 25
21
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuu tl;= lsÍu wdldr follska meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'
(1) .Kl rduq u.ska tl;= lruq'
12 iy 13 ixLHd .Kl rduq foll ksrEmKh lruq'
100 tajd 10 tajd 1 tajd 100 tajd 10 tajd 1 tajd
12 13

fuu tla tla .Kl rduqj, ;sfnk tlia:dkfha .Kl ish,a, fjku;a
oiia:dkfha we;s .Kl ish,a, fjku;a" fjk;a .Kl rduqjlg oeuQ
úg my; wdldrhg ksrEmKh fõ'
fuu .Kl rduqfjka ksrEmKh jk ixLHdj

25 fõ' tkï" 12 + 13 = 25 fõ'
100 tajd 10 tajd 1 tajd
(2) 12 iy 13 ixLHdj," tla tla ia:dkj, ;sfnk b,lalfuka ksrEmKh

jk w.h i,lñka tl;= lruq'
oiia:dkfha b,lalfuka tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka

ixLHdj
ksrEmKh jk w.h ksrEmKh jk w.h
12 10 2
13 10 3
tl;=j 20 5

ms<s;=frys oiia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h 20 fõ' 20 hkq
10 tAjd 2ls' tkï" ms<s;=frys oiia:dkfha b,lalu 2 fõ'
tfia u tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h 5 fõ' 5 hkq 1

tAjd 5ls' tkï" ms<s;=frys tlia:dkfha b,lalu 5 fõ'
22
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
oiia:dkfha b,lalu 2 o tlia:dkfha b,lalu 5 o neúka ms<s;=r
25 fõ' tkï" 12 + 13 = 25
ó<Õg" my; ixLHdj, ftlHh fidhuq'

4768
fuu tl;= lsÍu my; mshjr u.ska meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'
+3986
1000 100 10 1 mshjr 1 - tfla tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 8 + 6 = 14
1 tfla tAjd 14la hkq"
4 7 6 8
oyfha tAjd 1la yd tfla tAjd 4ls'
+ 3 9 8 6 oyfha tAjd 1 oiia:dk ;Srejg f.k huq'
4
14 tfla tAjd 4 tlia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'
1000 100 10 1 mshjr 2 - oyfha tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 1 + 6 + 8 = 15
1 1 oyfha tAjd 15la hkq 150ls'
4 7 6 8
fuys ishfha tAjd 1la yd oyfha tajd 5ls'
+ 3 9 8 6
ishfha tAjd 1 ishia:dk ;Srejg f.k huq'
5 4
15
oyfha tAjd 5 oiia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'
1000 100 10 1 mshjr 3 - ishfha tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 1 + 7 + 9 = 17
1 1 1 ishfha tAjd 17la hkq 1700ls'
4 7 6 8 fuys odfya tAjd 1la yd ishfha tajd 7ls'
+ 3 9 8 6 odfya tAjd 1 oyia:dk ;Srejg f.k huq'
7 5 4
ishfha tAjd 7 ishia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'
17
1000 100 10 1 mshjr 4 - odfya tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 1+4+3=8
1
4
1
7
1
6 8 odfya tAjd 8 oyia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'
+ 3 9 8 6
8 7 5 4 ms<s;=r 8754 fõ'
23
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2 ksoiqk 3 ksoiqk 4
1 1 1 1 1 2
6 2 7 1 4 5 8 4 5 6 157 + 26 iq¿ lrkak'
1

+2 8 3 +2 9 2 6 3 7 6 1 5 7
1
9 1 0 4 3 8 4 + 1208 + 2 6
11 10 13 14 2 0 4 0 1 8 3
10 14 20 13
fuys olajd we;s mßÈ tla tla ixLHdfõ" tlia:dkfha b,lalï tl
;Srejlg o oiia:dkfha b,lalï tl ;Srejlg o" ishia:dkfha
b,lalï tl ;Srejlg o wdÈ jYfhka tk mßÈ ixLHd ,shd f.k
tl;= l< hq;-= h'
3'1 wNHdih
(1) iq¿ lrkak'
(2) iq¿ lrkak'

(i) 27 + 31 (ii) 43 + 29 (iii) 176 + 217 (iv) 352 + 189
(v) 2187 + 1854 (vi) 3095 + 1936 (vii) 84 + 258 (viii) 7 + 195
(ix) 139 + 2875 (x) 1987 + 36 + 171 (xi) 657 + 11389 + 64721
(3) mdi,l msßñ <uhs 486la o .eyekq <uhs 658la o isá;s' tu mdif,a
isák uq¿ <uhs ixLHdj lSh o@
(4) bvul we;s fmd,a .iaj,ska ckjdß udifha § fmd,a f.ä 1846la o
ud¾;= udifha § fmd,a f.ä 1384la o lvk ,È' fuu udi fofla §
lvk ,o uq¿ fmd,a f.ä .Kk lSh o@
24
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(5) im;a;= ksIAmdok wdh;khl ckjdß udifha § im;a;= 1395la o"
fmnrjdß udifha § im;a;= 1426la o ud¾;= udifha § im;a;= 1737la
o ksIamdokh lrk ,È' fï wkqj" udi ;=fka § ksIAmdokh lrk ,o
uq¿ im;a;= ixLHdj lSh o@
(6) jHdmdßlhl= jk ksu,a m<uqjk Èkfha § re 810la o" fojeks Èkfha
§ re 985la o ;=kajeks Èkfha § re 1130la o jYfhka wdodhï ,eî h'
ksu,a fuu Èk ;=fka § u ,enQ uq¿ wdodhu lSh o@
(7) lsß tl;= lsÍfï uOHia:dkhl i÷od Èkhl lsß fnda;,a 974la o"
w`.yrejdod i÷odg jvd lsß fnda;,a 103la o tl;= lf<a kï" i÷od
yd w`.yrejdod Èk fofla § tl;= jQ uq¿ lsß fnda;,a m%udKh lSh o@
3'2 mQ¾K ixLHdjlska Bg jvd l=vd mQ¾K ixLHdjla wvq lsÍu
m<uqjk rEmh fojk rEmh

m<uqjk rEmfhys oe,afjk myka 25la oelafõ' fojk rEmfhys tu
mykaj,ska 12la ksù we;s wjia:djla fmkajd we;' fojk rEmfhys
oe,afjk myka ixLHdj" 13la nj .Kka lsÍfuka fidhd .; yels h'
fojk rEmfha oe,afjk myka ixLHdj 25ka 12la wvq lsÍfuka o ,nd
.; yels fõ'
tl;= lsÍfï § fuka u wvq lsÍfï § o tlia:dkfha b,lalï fjku o

oiia:dkfha b,lalï fjk u o wvq lrkq ,efí'
25
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tfla tajd 5ka tfla tajd 2la wvq l< úg tfla tAjd 3ls'
oyfha tAjd 2ka oyfha tajd 1la wvq l< úg oyfha tAjd 1ls'
tA wkqj" ms<s;=frys oyfha tAjd 1la yd tfla tAjd 3la ;sfí'
tkï" ms<s;=r 13 fõ'
ksoiqk 1
iq¿ lrkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)

oeka wms 6753ka 1896la wvq lruq'

ixLHdj, tla tla ia:dkj, b,lalï" kshñ; ;Srefõ msysgk mßÈ my;
wdldrhg ,shd .ksuq'
fuu wvq lsÍu my; mshjr u.ska meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'
mshjr 1 - tfla tAjd wvq lruq'
1000 100 10 1 ² tlia:dk ;Srefõ 3" 6g jvd l=vd fõ'
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd
4 13
² tu ksid" oiia:dkfha oyfha tAjd 5ka 1la tkï"
6 7 5 3 tfla tAjd 10la" tlia:dkhg f.k tuq'
- 1 8 9 6 ² túg" tlia:dkfha tfla tAjd 13ls'
7 ² oiia:dkfha oyfha tAjd 4la b;sß fõ'
² tfla tAjd 13ka 6la wvq l< úg tfla tAjd 7ls'
mshjr 2 - oyfha tAjd wvq lruq'

1000 100 10 1
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd ² oiia:dk ;Srefõ b;sß 4" 9g jvd l=vd fõ'
6 14
4
13 ² tu ksid" ishia:dkfha ishfha tAjd 7ka 1la"
6 7 5 3
tkï" oyfha tAjd 10la oiia:dkhg f.k tuq'
- 1 8 9 6
² túg" oiia:dkfha oyfha tAjd 14ls'
5 7
² ishia:dkfha ishfha tAjd 6la b;sß fõ'
² oyfha tAjd 14ka" 10 tAjd 9la wvq l< úg
oyfha tAjd 5ls'
26
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
mshjr 3 - ishfha tAjd wvq lruq'
1000 100 10 1
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd ² ishia:dk ;Srefõ b;sß 6" 8g jvd l=vd fõ'
5 16 14 13 ² tu ksid" oyia:dkfha odfya tAjd 6ka 1la" tkï
6 6 7 4 5 3 ishfha tAjd 10la ishia:dkhg f.k tuq'
- 1 8 9 6 ² túg" ishia:dkfha ishfha tAjd 16ls'
8 5 7 ² oyia:dkfha odfya tAjd 5la b;sß fõ' ishfha
tAjd 16ka" ishfha tAjd 8la wvq l< úg ishfha
tAjd 8ls'
1000 100 10 1
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd mshjr 4 - odfya tAjd wvq lruq'
5 16 14 13
6 6 7 4 5 3 ² oyia:dkfha b;sß odfya tAjd 5ka" odfya tAjd 1la
- 1 8 9 6 wvq l< úg odfya tAjd 4ls'
4 8 5 7
ta wkqj" 6753ka 1896la wvq l< úg ms<s;=r 4857 fõ'
3'2 wNHdih
(1) iq¿ lrkak'
(i) 35 (ii) 478 (iii) 3975 (iv) 72 (v) 576
- 23 - 153 - 2341 - 38 -129

(vi) 352 (vii) 814 (viii) 506 (ix) 602 (x) 700
- 175 - 359 - 273 - 435 - 354

(xi) 7481 (xii) 4201 (xiii) 3023 (xiv) 6000
- 2154 - 1758 - 1496 - 2358
(2) iq¿ lrkak'

(i) 782 - 257 (ii) 524 -175 (iii) 631 - 58
(iv) 246 - 89 (v) 3532 - 785 (vi) 4000 - 356
(3) fmd,a f.ä 475la /f.k .sh ksu,a bka fmd,a f.ä 297la úl=Kqfõ
kï" b;sß fmd,a f.ä .Kk fldmuK o@
27
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) /iaùulg iyNd.s jQ 300lska" msßñka 192la isáfha kï tys isá
.eyekqka .Kk fldmuK o@
(5) l¾udka; Yd,djl 2013 j¾Ifha §" fudag¾ r: 1450la o 2014 j¾Ifha
§ 2325la o ksmojkq ,eî h' 2013 j¾Ihg jvd 2014 j¾Ifha §
ksIAmdokh lr we;s fudag¾ r: m%udKh fidhkak'
(6) fyaIdka ;u mshdf.ka re 325la o ujf.ka re 430la o ,nd .;af;a h'
tu uqo,aj,ska re 149lg fifrmamq l=Ügula o" re 225lg fmd;la o
ñ, § .;a úg" Tyq <`. b;sß jQ uqo, fidhkak'
3'3 mQ¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍu
rEmfha olajd we;af;a fmar f.ä 5 ne.ska we;s fmar f.dvj,a ;=kls'
fuu fmar f.dvj,a ;=fkys u we;s fmar f.ä .Kk 15 fõ'
5 + 5 + 5 = 15
"mfya tajd ;=kla " hkak" 5 × 3 wdldrhg .=K lsÍula f,i oelafõ'
tkï" 5 × 3 = 15
fï whqßka u" 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 × 5 = 10 o
10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 10 × 4 = 40 o fõ'
5 × 3 = 3 × 5 jk nj wms my; wdldrhg meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'

mfya f.dvj,a ;=kla hkq 15ls'
28
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
15" ;=fka f.dvj,aj,g my; wdldrhg fjka lruq'
mfya f.dvj,a ;=k" ;=fka f.dvj,aj,g fjka

l< úg" ;=fka f.dvj,a myla ,efí'
tkï" 5 × 3 = 3 × 5 fõ'
0 isg 9 f;la mQ¾K ixLHdj, .=Kk j.=jla my; oelafõ'

× 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
6 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54
7 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63
8 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72
9 0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81

10g wvq mQ¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍu" by; .=Kk j.=j wdOdrfhka l<
yels h' th my; WodyrK u.ska meyeÈ,s lr.kak'
5 × 3 = 15 (
i,l=K n,kak)
7 × 6 = 42 (
i,l=K n,kak)
9 × 8 = 72 (
i,l=K n,kak)
34 × 2ys .=Ks;h by; j.=fjka fl<ska u ,nd .; fkdyels h' tjeks
wjia:dj, .=Ks;h fidhuq'
34 tajd 2la hkq 34 + 34 fõ' tkï" 68 fõ'
fuu ms<s;=r my; wdldrhg o ,nd .; yels h'
34ys tlia:dkfha yd oiia:dkfha we;s b,lalïj, ksrEmKh jk
w.hka fjk fjk u 2ka .=K lr" ,efnk ixLHd tl;= lsÍfuka 68
,efí'
29
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
34ys tlia:dkfha we;s 4" 2ka .=K l< úg tfla tajd 8la ,efí'
34ys oiia:dkfha we;s 3" 2ka .=K l< úg oyfha tAjd 6la ,efí'
tA wkqj" oyfha tAjd 8 + tfla tAjd 6 = 60 + 8 = 68
3'3 wNHdih
(1) by; oelajQ .=Kk j.=j Ndú;fhka" my; tAjdfhys .=‚;hka ,nd
.kak'
(i) 3 × 4 (ii) 7 × 3 (iii) 8 × 0 (iv) 9 × 6
(2) w.h fidhkak'
(i) 42 × 3 (ii) 122 × 4 (iii) 78 × 7 (iv) 96 × 9
3'4 mQ¾K ixLHdjla" 10ka 100ka yd 1000ka .=K lsÍu

my; i|yka .=Ks; úuid n,uq'
2 × 10 hkq 2 tAjd 10ls' tkï" 10 tajd 2ls' tys w.h 20ls'
2 × 100 hkq 2 tAjd 100ls' tkï" 100 tAjd 2ls' tys w.h 200ls'
2 × 1000 hkq 2 tAjd 1000ls' tkï" 1000 tAjd 2ls' tys w.h 2000ls'
12 × 10 hkq 12 tAjd 10ls' tkï" 10 tAjd 12ls' tkï" 10 tAjd 10la iy 10
tAjd 2ls' tu ksid" tys w.h 100 + 20 = 120'
tA wkqj" my; i|yka .=Ks; úuid n,uq'
2 × 10 = 20 2 × 100 = 200 2 × 1000 = 2000
3 × 10 = 30 3 × 100 = 300 3 × 1000 = 3000
7 × 10 = 70 7 × 100 = 700 7 × 1000 = 7000
12 × 10 = 120 12 × 100 = 1200 12 × 1000 = 12 000
15 × 10 = 150 15 × 100 = 1500 15 × 1000 = 15 000
by; .=Ks;hka ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka" my; i|yka lreKq wkdjrKh fõ'
² ixLHdjla 10ka .=K l< úg ,efnk ixLHdj" m<uq ixLHdfõ
ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 1la fh§fuka ,nd .; yels h'
30
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'5 mQ¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍu ;jÿrg;a
25 × 14 i,luq'
25 × 14 hkq 25 tAjd 14ls' fuu 25 tAjd 14" 25 tAjd 10la yd 25 tAjd 4la
f,i ie,lsh yels h'
25 tAjd 10la hkq 250 ls' 25 tAjd 4la hkq 100ls' tu ksid" 25 tAjd 14la
hkq" 250 + 100 = 350'
tkï" 25 × 14 = 25 tAjd 10 + 25 tAjd 4
= 250 + 100
= 350
fuys § isÿ ù we;af;a 14ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.fhka" 25
fjk fjk u .=K lr" ,efnk ixLHd tl;= lr ms<;
s r
= ,nd .ekSu hs'
fï wkqj 25, 14ka .=K lsÍu my; wdldrhg o ,súh yels h'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
64 × 36ys w.h fidhkak' 157 × 52ys w.h fidhkak'
idudkHfhka" ixLHd foll .=‚;h fiùfï § úYd, ixLHdj l=vd

ixLHdfjka .=K lrkq ,efí'
31
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'4 wNHdih
(1) ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

(i) 13 × 10 = ............. (ii) 72 × 100 = .............
(iii) 54 × 1000 = ............. (iv) 39 × 100 = .............
(v) 43 × ............. = 430 (vi) 67 × ............. = 6700
(vii) ............. × 100 = 2900 (viii) 2450 × 100 = .............
(ix) 1700 × ............. = 17 000 (x) ............. × 1000 = 40 000
(2) iqÿiq w.hka fhdod ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(i) 52 (ii) 78 (iii) 136

× 13 × 24 × 32
15 1 2
5 0 15 0 8
6 6 1 7 4 2
(3) iq¿ lrkak'
(i) 64 (ii) 59 (iii) 76 (iv) 82 (v) 125 (vi) 248

× 21 × 63 × 54 × 45 × 32 × 70
(vii) 348 × 25 (viii) 515 × 36 (ix) 47 × 805 (x) 2015 × 36

(xi) 5115 × 29 (xii) 3042 × 42 (xiii) 4004 × 73 (xiv) 86 × 6029
(4) Yd,djl tla fm<l mqgq 57 ne.ska fma<s 35la we;' Yd,dfõ we;s mqgq
ixLHdj fldmuK o@
(5) iy,a u,a,l ñ, re 1225la fõ' tn÷ iy,a u¨ 75l ñ, fldmuK o@
(6) mdi,a nia r:hl .uka l< yels Wmßu isiqka .Kk 55ls' tjeks
nia r: 6l .uka l< yels Wmßu isiqka .Kk fldmuK o@
(7) mdi,a isiqjl=g wNHdi fmd;a 8la wjYH h' wNHdi fmd;l ñ,
re 48ls' mka;sfha isák isiqka .Kk 35ls' isiqka 35 fokdg u wjYH
wNHdi fmd;a m%udKh ñ, § .ekSug wjYH uq¿ uqo, fldmuK o@
32
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'6 mQ¾K ixLHdjla ;j;a mQ¾K ixLHdjlska fn§u
fjr¿ f.ä 10la risl yd iór hk ñ;=rka fofokd w;r iufia fnod
.;a úg tla whl=g ,enqKq fjr¿ m%udK rEmfha oelafõ'
uq¿ fjr¿ f.ä .Kk 10 hs'
iórg ,enqKq fjr¿ f.ä .Kk 5 hs' rislg ,enqKq fjr¿ f.ä .Kk 5 hs'
rislg fjr¿ f.ä 5la o iórg fjr¿ f.ä 5la o ne.ska ,efí' fufia
fofokd w;r fjr¿ fnok wdldrh úia;r lrkq ,nkafka" 10 fn§u
2 f,i hs'
fuh 10 ÷ 2 f,i ,shkq ,efí'
tA wkqj" 10 ÷ 2 = 5'
fuh my; wdldrhg o meyeÈ,s lr .; yels h'
10g mfya f.dvj,a 2ls' tkï" 10 = 5 « 2'
tu ksid" 10 iudk f.dvj,a follg fn¥ úg" tla f.dvl myla ;sfí'
tkï" 10 ÷ 2 = 5'

oeka" wms fnd;a;ï 7la hy¿jka fofokl= w;r
iudk j fnouq' fuys § tla whl=g 3 ne.ska
,efnk w;r 1la b;sß fõ'
tkï" 7 ÷ 2 hkq 3 hs b;sß 1 hs'
7 ÷ 2, §¾> fn§fï l%ufhka lrk wdldrh my; oelafõ'
3 ,íêh 7g fofla tAjd Wmßu jYfhka 3la we;=<;a

2 7 w;r 3 × 2 = 6ls' túg" b;sß jkafka 1ls'
6 tA wkqj 7" 2ka fn¥ úg 3 hs b;sß 1 hs'
fYaIh 1 tkï" 7" 2ka fn¥ úg ,íêh 3 iy fYaIh
1 fõ'
33
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'7 mQ¾K ixLHdjla" 10ka" 100ka yd 1000ka fn§u
my; i|yka fn§ï i,luq'
20 ÷ 10 hkq 20 g 10 tajd fldmuK o hkakhs'

fï wkqj" my; fn§ï úuid n,uq'
20 ÷ 10ys w.h fidhuq'
2 × 10 = 20 neúka" 20 ÷ 10 = 2'
tf,iu"
30 ÷ 10 =3 200 ÷ 100 = 2 300 ÷ 100 = 3
400 ÷ 10 = 40 700 ÷ 100 = 7 2000 ÷ 1000 =2
3000 ÷ 1000 =3 7000 ÷ 1000 = 7 520 ÷ 10 = 52
15000 ÷ 100 = 150
ta wkqj"
� ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 1la fh§ we;s ixLHdjla 10ka fn¥ úg" ixLHdfõ
tu ìkaÿj bj;a lsÍfuka ms<s;=r ,efí'
� ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 2la fh§ we;s ixLHdjla" 100ka fn¥ úg"
ixLHdfõ tu ìkaÿ 2 bj;a lsÍfuka ms<s;=r ,efí'
� ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 3la fh§ we;s ixLHdjla" 1000ka fn¥ úg"
ixLHdfõ tu ìkaÿ 3 bj;a lsÍfuka ms<s;=r ,efí'
igyk
´kE u ixLHdjla ìkaÿfjka 0" ìkaÿj fkdjk ´kE u ixLHdjlska fn¥
.=K l< úg ms<s;=r 0 fõ' úg ms<s;=r 0 fõ'
2×0=0 0÷ 2=0
28 × 0 = 0 0 ÷ 13 = 0
412 × 0 = 0 0 ÷ 971 = 0
kuq;a" lsisu ixLHdjla 0ka fn§u l< fkdyels h'
34
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'8 mQ¾K ixLHd fn§u ;jÿrg;a
§¾> fn§fï l%ufhka 75 ÷ 5ys w.h fidhuq'
1 mshjr 1 - 75ys oiia:dkfha b,lalu 7 fõ' tkï"

5 75 10 tAjd 7ls'
5 1×5=5
2 7" 5ka fn¥ úg 1 hs b;sß 2 hs' tkï" b;sß
jkafka 10 tAjd 2ls'
1 mshjr 2 - tu b;sß oyfha tAjd 2g" tfla tAjd 5

575
5 tl;= lruq' túg" tfla tAjd 25ls'
25
15
57 5 mshjr 3 - tfla tAjd 25" 5ka fnouq'
5
25 túg" tfla tAjd 5 hs b;sß ke;'
25 5 « 5 = 25
0 tkï" 75 ÷ 5 ys w.h 15 fõ'
20 ÷ 5 ys w.h fidhuq'
5 20 fyda 5 20 fyda f,iska 20 ÷ 5 olajk nj wms oksuq'

4
5 20 fyda 5 20 fyda fõ'
4 20
0
wms oeka ixLHdjla" b,lalï folla we;s ixLHdjlska fnouq'

38" 12ka fn§u i,luq'
3
12 38 3g 12 tAjd ke;'
36 tu ksid 38g 12 tAjd fldmuK ;sfí oe hs fidhuq'
2 38g 12 tAjd 3 hs b;sß 2 hs'
38" 12 ka fn¥ úg" 3 hs b;sß 2 hs'
35
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1 -
iq¿ lrkak'
(i) 470 ÷ 10 (ii) 253 ÷ 11 (iii) 419 ÷ 13
47 23 32
10 470 11 253 13 419
40 10 « 4 = 40 22 11 « 2 = 22 39 13 « 3 = 39
70 33 29
70 10 « 7 = 70 33 11 « 3 = 33 26 13 « 2 = 26
0 0 3
470 ÷ 10 = 47 253 ÷ 11 = 23 419 ÷ 13 = 32 hs b;sß 3 hs
3'5 wNHdih
(i) 40 ÷ 10 = '''''''' (ii) 720 ÷ 10 = ''''''''
(iii) 600 ÷ 100 = '''''''''' (iv) 1300 ÷ 100 = '''''''''
(v) 5000 ÷ 1000 = ''''''''' (vi) 12 800 ÷ 10 = ''''''''''
(vii) 19 000 ÷ 1000 = '''''''''' (viii) 8300 ÷ ''''''''' = 83
(ix) 24 380 ÷ 10 = ''''''''' (x) 31 000 ÷ ''''''''' = 3100
(2) §¾> fn§fï l%ufhka iq¿ lrkak'
(i) 525 ÷ 7 (ii) 240 ÷ 9 (iii) 416 ÷ 13
(iv) 625 ÷ 25 (v) 448 ÷ 14 (vi) 2244 ÷ 17
(vii) 2772 ÷ 21 (viii) 1980 ÷ 15 (ix) 3696 ÷ 24
(x) 2052 ÷ 19
(3) 16 fokl= hk jEka r:hlg wh lrkq ,nk .dia;=j re 10 800ls' tu
.dia;=j myf<dia fokl= w;r iu j fnod .kafka kï" tla whl=
f.úh hq;= uqo, lSh o@
(4) mqgq 6480la mdi,a 20lg iu fia fnod Èh hq;= j we;akï tla mdi,lg
,efnk mqgq ixLHdj lSh o@
(5) inka leg 25la ne.ska we;s fmÜá 12l we;s inka leg" fiajlhka
myf<dia fokl= w;r iudk j fn¥ úg tla whl=g ,efnk inka
leg .Kk lSh o@
36
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ñY% wNHdih
(1) Ñ;% m%o¾Ykhla keröu i|yd m<uqjk Èkfha ñksiaiq 1320la o
fojk Èkfha ñksiaiq 1567la o ;=kajk Èkfha ñksiaiq 1624la o
meñ‚hy' fuu Èk ;=k ;=< § meñ‚ uq¿ msßi lSh o@
(2) fhda.Ü ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk l¾udka; Yd,djla ;=< m<uqjk
i;sfha fhda.Ü 3 788la o fojk i;sfha fhda.Ü 4 124la o ksIamdokh
lrk ,È' m<uqjk i;shg jvd fojk i;sfha ksIamdokh lrk ,o
fhda.Ü m%udKh lSh o@
(3) mqia;ld,hl tl iudk rdlal 10la we;' tA tla rdlalhl ;Ügq
5la ne.ska we;' tla ;Ügqjl fmd;a 30la ne.ska wiqrkq ,efí'
mqia;ld,fha fuu rdlal 10 ;=< we;s uq¿ fmd;a .Kk fldmuK o@
(4) ñksil=g fmd,a me< 152la isgqùug wjYH fõ' tfy;a Èklg
isgqúh yelafla me< 8la mu‚' fmd,a me< 152 isgqùug Èk lShla
.; fõ o@
(5) isfuka;s úl=Kqï uOHia:dkhlg isfuka;s fldÜg 740la f.k
taug wjYH fõ' isfuka;s fldÜg /f.k tk jdykfha /f.k wd
yels Wmßu isfuka;s fldÜg .Kk 24ls' tA wkqj fuu jdykfhka
lS jdrhla isfuka;s f.k wd hq;= o@
idrdxYh
²² mQ¾K ixLHd tl;= lsÍï yd wvq lsÍïj, §" tAjdfha tlia:dkh"
oiia:dkh wdÈ jYfhka tla tla ia:dkfha b,lalñka ksrEmKh
jk w.h i,lñka tu .‚; l¾uh isÿ l< hq;= h'
²² mQ¾K ixLHd folla .=K lsÍfï §" my; mshjr wkq.ukh l< yels h'
-− tla ixLHdjl" tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,nd
.ekSu'
-− tu tla tla ksrEmKh jk w.fhka" wfkla ixLHdj fjk
fjku .=K lsÍu'
-− tu .=‚; tlg tl;= lsÍfuka wjika ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSu'
²² mQ¾K ixLHdjla ;j;a mQ¾K ixLHdjlska fn§ug §¾> fn§fï
l%uh fhdod.; yels h'
37
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4 ld,h
²²ld,h uksk tAll y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ld,h uksk tAll w;r iïnkaO;d y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ld¾hhla i|yd .; jQ ld,h fiùug"
²²fõ,dj meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka m%ldY lsÍug iy
²²Èkh iïu; wdldrhg ,sùug"
yelshdj ,efí'
4'1 meh 12 Trf,daiqfjka fõ,dj ksjerÈ j lshùu

my; olajd we;s wdldrfha" ksjerÈ j fõ,dj olajk Trf,daiqjla f.k
th ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
zz fuys jfÜ odrh flá bß u.ska iudk fldgia

60lg fnod we;'
zz tl <Õ wxl folla w;r tu fldgia 5la msysgk
fia 1 isg 12 f;la wxl fhdod we;'
zz yß ueo iú lr we;s lgq ;=fkka" flá u lgqj meh lgqj fõ' fuys
r;= mdáka olajd we;s isyska u lgqj ;;amr lgqj fõ' wfkla lgqj
ñks;a;= lgqj fõ'
zz Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a wxl ms<sfj<ska jeä jk w;g lgq ;=k u
lerlefjhs'
zz meh lgqfõ ;=v tl wxlhl isg B<Õ wxlh olajd hEug .; jk
ld,h meh tlls'
zz ñks;a;= lgqfõ ;=v" tla flá brl isg B<Õ flá br olajd hEug
.; jk ld,h ñks;a;= tlls'
zz ;;amr lgqfõ ;=v tla flá brl isg B<Õ flá br olajd hEug
.; jk ld,h ;;amr tlls'
zz mehl ld,h ;=< ñks;a;= lgqj iïmQ¾K jghla .uka lrhs'
meh 1 = ñks;a;= 60
38
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
zz ñks;a;=jl ld,h ;=< ;;amr lgqj iïmQ¾K jghla .uka lrhs'
ñks;a;= 1 = ;;amr 60

zz fõ,dj lshjk úg meh .Kk lshjkafka" meh lgqfjys ;=v tu
fudfydf;a fhduqj we;s wxlh fyda wjidkhg miq lr we;s wxlh
fyda wkqj hs'
zz ñks;a;= .Kk yd ;;amr .Kk lshjkafka" ñks;a;= lgqfjys iy
;;amr lgqfõ ;=vq tA fudfydf;a fhduqj we;s bß len,s .Kk fyda
wjidkhg miq lr we;s bß len,s .Kk fyda wkqj hs'
fuu Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a oelafjk fõ,dj lshjuq'

Trf,daiqfõ meh lgqj 10 iy 11 hk wxl w;r we;s
neúka" meh lgqj fuu fudfydf;a § miq lr we;s wxlh
10 fõ'
ñks;a;= lgqj 25 jeks yd 26 jeks bß lene,s w;r we;'
tneúka ñks;a;= lgqj fuu fudfydf;a § miq lr we;s bß
lene,a, 25 fõ'
;;amr lgqj 13 jeks bß lene,a, fj; fhduq ù we;'
fuu fõ,dj lshjkqfha"
10 miq ù ñks;a;= 25 hs ;;amr 13 f,i h'
fuu fõ,dj ,shkafka 10'25'13 f,isks'
iuyr wjia:dj, ;;amr .Kk i|yka fkdlr" fõ,dj
10'25 f,i ,shk wjia:d o we;'
4'1 wNHdih
(1) my; tla tla Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a oelafjk fõ,dj meh" ñks;a;= iy
;;amr weiqfrka ,shd olajkak'
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
39
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
² fmrjre yd miajre y÷kd .ekSu

by; mska;+rfha ;sfnk Trf,daiq fofla u oelafjk fõ,dj 7'00 fõ'

²² <uhl= WoEik 7'00g mdi,a hk fõ,dj tla Trf,daiqjlska oelafõ'
²² <uhl= yji 7'00g mdvï lrk fõ,dj wfkla Trf,daiqfjka oelafõ'
fï wkqj Trf,daiqj ojila ;=< wjia:d foll § tl u fõ,djla olajk

neúka" fõ,dj i|yka lsÍfï § th ksYaÑ; j olajk wdldrh my;
úia;r lr we;'
Èjd ld,fha § lgq ;=k u wxl 12 fj; fhduq ù we;s úg" fõ,dj
uOHdyak 12 fõ'
rd;%S ld,fha § lgq ;=k u 12 fj; fhduq ù we;s úg" fõ,dj uOHu
rd;%S 12 fõ'
uOHu rd;%S 12 isg uOHdyak 12 olajd we;s meh 12l ld,h fmrjrej
f,i ye¢kafõ'
uOHdyak 12 isg uOHu rd;S% 12 olajd we;s ld,h miajrej f,i
ye¢kafõ'
uOHu rd;%S 12 isg B<Õ uOHu rd;%S 12 olajd we;s ld,h Èkhla fõ'
Èkl ld,hla ;=< meh lgqj iïmQ¾K jg folla .uka lrhs'
tkï" Èk 1 = jre 2 = meh 24
40
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tA wkqj fuu WodyrKfha"
WoEik 7'00 fõ,dj" fm'j' 7'00 f,i i|yka lrkq ,efí'
^fmrjre" fm'j' f,i flá lr oelafõ'&
yji 7'00 fõ,dj" m'j' 7'00 f,i i|yka lrkq ,efí'
^miajre" m'j' f,i flá lr oelafõ'&
4'2 meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka fõ,dj lshùu

meh 24 Trf,daiqjla rEmfha oelafõ' tys msg;
jgfha wxl 1 isg 12 f;la o we;=<; jgfha
wxl 13 isg 24 f;la o ms<sfj<ska ,l=Kq lr
we;'
fmrjre 1 isg uOHdyak 12 olajd we;s fõ,djka
1 isg 12 olajd we;s wxlj,ska o miajre
fõ,djka 12 isg 24 olajd we;s wxlj,ska o lshjkq ,efí'
oji wdrïN jkafka uOHu rd;%sfhks' th 00:00 f,i olajkq ,efí'
oji wjika jkafka o uOHu rd;%sfhks' tu fõ,dj 24:00 f,i olajhs'
oji wdrïN ù ñks;; a = 30la f.ù .sh úg fõ,dj olajkafka 00:30 f,isk's
fm'j' 10'30 olajkafka 10:30 f,isks'
uOHdyak 12'00 olajkafka 12:00 f,isks'
m'j' 1'00 olajkafka 13:00 f,isks'
m'j' 6'00 olajkafka 18:00 f,isks'
fõ,dj wka;¾cd;sl iïu; l%uhg ,shd olajkafka my; wdldrhg fõ'

meh : ñks;a;= : ;;amr
hh : mm : ss
fuys §" meh" ñks;a;= iy ;;amr .Kk b,lalï follska oelaúh
hq;= h' ;;amr .Kk i|yka fkdlrk wjia:dj, §" fõ,dj meh iy
ñks;a;=j,ska muKla i|yka lrkq ,efí'
WodyrKhla f,i m'j' 1 hs ñks;a;= 3 hs ;;amr 48" wka;¾cd;sl iïu;
wdldrhg olajkafka 13:03:48 f,isks'
41
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tlu Èkl fjkia fõ,djka lsysmhla wka;¾cd;sl iïu; l%uhg
igyka lrk wdldrh my; j.=fõ oelafõ'
meh 12 l%uhg wkqj fõ,dj iïu; l%uhg wkqj fõ,dj

fm'j' 1'00 01:00
fm'j' 2'00 02:00
fm'j' 3'00 03:00
fm'j' 4'00 04:00
fm'j' 5'00 05:00
fm'j' 6'00 06:00
fm'j' 7'00 07:00
fm'j' 8'00 08:00
fm'j' 9'00 09:00
fm'j' 10'00 10:00
fm'j' 11'00 11:00
uOHdyak 12'00 12:00
m'j' 1'00 13:00
m'j' 2'00 14:00
m'j' 3'00 15:00
m'j' 4'00 16:00
m'j' 5'00 17:00
m'j' 6'00 18:00
m'j' 7'00 19:00
m'j' 8'00 20:00
m'j' 9'00 21:00
m'j' 10'00 22:00
m'j' 11'00 23:00
uOHu rd;%S 12 24:00
ksoiqk 1
m'j' 2'35" wka;¾cd;sl iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak'
ms<s;=r 14:35 fõ'
42
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4'2 wNHdih

(1) my; oelafjkafka nKavdrkdhl
cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm<ska .=jka
hdkd lsysmhla msg;a jk fõ,djka
h' j.=j msgm;a lr f.k ysia ;eka
iïmQ¾K lrkak'
msg;a jk fõ,dj
meh 12 l%uhg iïu; wdldrh
.ukdka;h fõ,dj olajk
wdldrh
lajd,d,ïmQ¾ fm'j' 7'05 '''''''''''''''''''
;%sfõkaøï ''''''''''''''''''' 08:25
isx.mamQrej m'j' 7'10 '''''''''''''''''''
kj È,a,sh ''''''''''''''''''' 19:15
fpkakdhs fm'j' 10'30 '''''''''''''''''''
lrÉÑ ''''''''''''''''''' 19:55
vqndhs m'j' 6'45 '''''''''''''''''''
meßia ''''''''''''''''''' 08:00
,kavka fm'j' 11'10 '''''''''''''''''''
nexfldla ''''''''''''''''''' 20:30
ud,Èjhsk m'j' 1'25 '''''''''''''''''''
(2) my; oelafjk j.ka;sj, i|yka fõ,djka wka;¾cd;sl iïu;

l%uhg olajñka j.ka;s kej; ,shkak'
(i) fldgqj ÿïßh ia:dkfhka fm'j' 10'30g msg;a jk Wvrg
ue‚fla ÿïßh m'j' 5'40g nÿ,a,g <Õd ùug kshñ; h'
(ii) fm'j' 11'00g wdrïNjk ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh m'j' 2'30g wjika
ùug kshñ; h'
(iii) fm'j' 11'30g wdrïN jk .‚;h m%Yak m;%h m'j' 1'30g wjika
fõ'
43
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) my; j.=fõ oelafjk fõ,djka meh 12 Trf,daiqfjka m%ldY lrkak'
iïu; l%uh meh 12 l%uh
ÿïßh msg;a jk fõ,dj 08:32 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;eme,ay, újD; lrk fõ,dj 08:00 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
<sm .sks fud<jk fõ,dj 20:18 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
frda.Skag m%;sldr lrk ld, iSudj 08:00 - 16:00 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
úÿ,sh úikaê lrk ld, iSudj 11:30 - 15:45 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4'3 iïu; wdldrfhka Èkh oelaùu

iïu; wdldrfhka Èkh ,sùfï §"
²² m<uq j j¾Ih" fojkq j udih" f;jkq j Èkh oelaúh hq;= fõ'
²² j¾Ih oelaùug b,lalï y;rla o udih oelaùug b,lalï
folla o Èkh oelaùug b,lalï folla ne.ska ,súh hq;= h'
²² j¾Ih" udih yd Èkh fjka lr olajhs'

2015ys wfm%a,a 08 jk Èk wka;¾cd;sl iïu; wdldrhg olajkqfha
2015 - 04 - 08 f,isks'
2015 - 05 - 08 jk Èkh uOHu rd;%s 12ka wjika jk fudfyd;

2015 - 05 - 08 Èk 24:00 f,i olajkq ,efí' tu fudfyd; 2015 - 05 - 09
Èk 00:00 f,i o ,súh yels h'
4'4 ld,h uksk tAll w;r iïnkaO;dj

;;amr" ñks;a;=" meh iy Èk ld,h uekSug Ndú; lrk tAll lsysmhla
fõ' oeka wms tu tAll w;r iïnkaO;dj úuid n,uq'
² ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla ;;amrj,ska oelaùu

ñks;a;= 1 = ;;amr 60 neúka"
ñks;a;= 2 = ;;amr 120
ñks;a;= 3 = ;;amr 180
tkï" ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla" ;;amrj,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h §
we;s ñks;a;= .Kk 60ka .=K l< hq;= h'
44
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
ñks;a;= 8" ;;amrj,ska olajkak'
ñks;a;= 1 = ;;amr 60
ñks;a;= 8 = ;;amr 60 « 8
= ;;amr 480
4'3 wNHdih
^1& my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" ;;amrj,ska olajkak'
î& ñks;a;= 1 îi& ñks;a;= 8 îii& ñks;a;= 30
îv& ñks;a;= 20 ^v& ñks;a;= 38 ^vi& ñks;a;= 48
² ;;amrj,ska olajd we;s ld,hla ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùu
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1 neúka"
;;amr 120 = ñks;a;= 2
;;amr 180 = ñks;a;= 3
tkï" ;;amrj,ska § we;s ld,hla" ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùug tu ld,h §
we;s ;;amr .Kk 60ka fnÈh hq;= h'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
;;amr 360" ñks;a;=j,ska ;;amr 150" ñks;;
a j
= ,ska iy ;;amrj,ska
olajkak' olajkak'
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1 ;;amr 150 = ;;amr 120 + ;;amr 30
;;amr 360 = ñks;a;= 360 ÷ 60 ;;amr 120 = ñks;a;= 2la neúka"
= ñks;a;= 6 ;;amr 150 = ñks;; a = 2 hs ;;amr 30 hs'
4'4 wNHdih
(1) ;;amrj,ska § we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" ñks;a;=j,ska m%ldY
lrkak'
î& ;;amr 60 îi& ;;amr 120 îii& ;;amr 240
îv& ;;amr 300 ^v& ;;amr 1200 ^vi& ;;amr 3600
45
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^2& ;;amrj,ska § we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" ñks;;
a = iy ;;amrj,ska
olajkak'
î& ;;amr 75 îi& ;;amr 100 îii& ;;amr 150

îv& ;;amr 200 ^v& ;;amr 250 ^vi& ;;amr 325
² mehj,ska olajd we;s ld,hla ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùu

meh 1 = ñks;a;= 60 neúka"
meh 2 = ñks;a;= 120
meh 3 = ñks;a;= 180
tkï" mehj,ska § we;s ld,hla" ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h §

we;s meh .Kk 60ka .=K l< hq;= h'
ksoiqk 1
meh 8" ñks;a;=j,ska olajkak'
meh 1 = ñks;a;= 60
meh 8 = ñks;a;= 60 × 8
= ñks;a;= 480
4'5 wNHdih
(1) meh 1l we;s ;;amr .Kk ,nd .ekSu i|yd lrk ,o mßj¾;k
lsysmhla my; oelafõ' ysia fldgqj,g .e<fmk ixLHd ,shkak'
meh 1 = ñks;a;= = ;;amr
(1) mehj,ska olajd we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h ñks;a;=j,ska
olajkak'
î& meh 1 îi& meh 2 îii& meh 3
îv& meh 5 ^v& meh 12 ^vi& meh 24
46
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
² ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla mehj,ska oelaùu
ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1 neúka"

ñks;a;= 120 = meh 2
ñks;a;= 180 = meh 3
tkï" ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla" mehj,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h §
we;s ñks;a;= .Kk 60ka fnÈh hq;= h'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2

ñks ;a;= 720" mehj,ska ñks;a;= 200" meh iy ñks;a;=j,ska
olajkak' olajkak'
ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1 ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1
ñks;a;= 720 = meh 720 ÷ 60 ñks;a;= 200 = ñks;a;= 180 + ñks;a;= 20
= meh 12 = meh 3 ñks;a;= 20
4'6 wNHdih
(1) ñkss;a;=j,ska olajd we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h mehj,ska
olajkak'
(2) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h meh iy ñks;a;=j,ska olajkak'


² Èk iy meh w;r iïnkaO;dj
Èk 1 = meh 24 neúka"
Èk 2 = meh 48
Èk 3 = meh 72
tkï" Èk .Kkla mehj,ska oelaùug" tu Èk jYfhka we;s .Kk
24ka .=K l< hq;= h'
47
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tfiau" meh 24 = Èk 1la neúka"
meh 48 = Èk 2
meh 72 = Èk 3
tkï" mehj,ska § we;s ld,hla" Èkj,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h § we;s
meh .Kk 24ka fnÈh hq;= h'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
Èk 4" mehj,ska olajkak' meh 144" Èkj,ska olajkak'

Èk 1 = meh 24 meh 24 = Èk 1
Èk 4 = meh 24 × 4 144 = Èk 144 ÷ 24
meh
= meh 96 = Èk 6
ksoiqk 3
meh 37" Èkj,ska iy mehj,ska olajkak'
meh 24 = Èk 1
meh 37 = meh 24 + meh 13
= Èk 1 hs meh 13 hs
4'7 wNHdih
(1) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" mehj,ska olajkak'

î& Èk 1 îi& Èk 2 îii& Èk 3
îv& Èk 5 ^v& Èk 8 ^vi& Èk 30
(2) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" Èkj,ska olajkak'

îv& meh 120 ^v& meh 240 ^vi& meh 360
(3) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" Èk iy mehj,ska olajkak'

îv& meh 130 ^v& meh 255 ^vi& meh 400
48
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) Èkhlg we;s ;;amr ixLHdj ,nd .ekSu i|yd isiqjl= úiska lrk
,o tAll mßj¾;k mshjr my; oelafõ'
Èk 1 = meh = ñks;a;= = ;;amr
tla tla fldgqjg .e<fmk ixLHdj ,shkak'
(5) tlu ld,hla oelafjk hq., hd lrkak'
;;amr 110 Èk 4
ñks;a;= 75 ñks;a;= 3
;;amr 180 Èk 5
ñks;a;= 180 meh 72
meh 4 meh 3
meh 120 ñks;a;= 1 ;;amr 50
Èk 3 meh 1 ñks;a;= 15
meh 96 ñks;a;= 240
4'5 .; jQ ld,h
oeka wms fõ,djka folla weiqfrka .; jQ ld,h fidhuq'
iqñ;af.a uj m'j' 2'00g lvhg hEug msg;a jQjd h' uj wdmiq meñ‚fha
m'j' 3'30g h' iqñ;af.a uj lvhg f.dia ksjig tAug .; jQ ld,h
fidhuq'
49
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
m<uq l%uh
m'j' 2'00 isg m'j' 3'00 olajd ld,h meh 1ls'

m'j' 3'00 isg m'j' 3'30 olajd ld,h ñks;a;= 30ls'
tu ksid" iqñ;af.a uj lfâ f.dia" nvq f.k tAug .; jQ ld,h meh
1la yd ñks;a;= 30la fõ'
² tlu jrejla ;-=< isÿjk isÿùula i|yd .; jQ ld,h my; l%uhg
myiqfjka fiúh yels h'
fojk l%uh
wïud wdmiq meñ‚ fõ,dj = m'j' 3'30
wïud f.oßka msgjQ fõ,dj = m'j' 2'00
.ukg .; jQ ld,h fiùug f.org meñ‚ fõ,dj;a f.oßka msg jQ
fõ,dj;a w;r fjki fiúh hq;= h'
meh ñks;a;=
3 30
fï wkqj" iqñ;af.a uj lfâ f.dia nvq
- 2 00 f.k tAug .; jQ ld,h meh 1la yd
1 30 ñks;a;= 30la fõ'
hï ld¾hhla fyda hï isÿùula fyda i|yd .; jk ld,h" tu ld¾hh

fyda isÿùu fyda wjidk jQ fõ,dj yd wdrïN jQ fõ,dj w;r fjki
fõ'
tf,i .; yelafla meh 12 l%uhg fõ,dj olajk l,ays tlu jrejla
;=< isÿjk isÿùï i|yd o meh 24 l%uhg fõ,dj olajk l,ays tla
Èkhla ;=< isÿ jQ isÿùï i|yd o mu‚'
ksoiqk 1
iñ;af.a wlald jdr úNd.hg iQodkï ùu i|yd Bfha m'j' 7'30 isg
m'j' 10'15 olajd mdvï l<d h' wlald mdvï l< ld,h fidhkak'
mdvï lr wjika jQ fõ,dj = m'j' 10'15
mdvï lsÍu wdrïN l< fõ,dj = m'j 7'30
tlu jrejla ;=< isÿ jQ isÿùï 2ls' tneúka mdvï lsÍug .; jQ ld,h
fiùug" mdvï lsÍu wjika l< fõ,dj;a mdvï lsÍu wdrïN l<
fõ,dj;a w;r fjki fidhuq'
50
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
meh ñks;a;= ² ñks;a;= 15ka ñks;a;= 30la wvq lsÍug fkdyels
10 15 ksid meh 10ka meh 1la tkï" ñks;a;= 60la
- 7 30 ñks;a;= ;Srhg f.k tuq'
2 45 ² túg" ñks;a;= .Kk = ñks;a;= 15 + 60 =
ñks;a;= 75' oeka ñks;a;= 75ka 30la wvq lruq'
túg" ñks;a;= 45ls'
² oeka meh ;Srfha b;sß meh 9ka 7la wvq lruq'
túg" meh 2ls'
² tu ksid" ms<s;=r meh 2 hs ñks;a;= 45la fõ'
ksoiqk 2
mdif,a ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh fm'j' 9'30g wdrïN úh' th wjika

jQfha m'j' 1'45g h' W;aijh meje;s ld,h fidhkak'
fuys wdrïNl fõ,dj fmrjre yd wjika fõ,dj miajre jk neúka
fõ,djka w;r fjki fiùug" tu fõ,djka meh 24 Trf,daiqjg
wkqj ,shd .ksuq'
wdrïNl fõ,dj = 09:30
wjika jQ fõ,dj = 13:45
W;aijh meje;s ld,h = 13:45 - 09:30
= meh 4 hs ñks;a;= 15 hs'
tlu Èkhla ;=< isÿjQ isÿùïj,g wod< j .; jQ ld,h iïnkaO
.eg¨j, §" fõ,dj" meh 24 fõ,dfjka ,shd .ekSfuka úi£u myiq fõ'
4'8 wNHdih
(1) iór m'j' 3'00 isg m'j' 7'00 olajd jQ ld,h .; l< wdldrh § we;'
Trf,daiq uqyqK;a u.ska tla tla ld¾hh wdrïNl yd wjidk fõ,djka
oelafõ' tla tla ld¾hh i|yd Tyq .; l< ld,h ñks;a;=j,ska
fidhkak'
51
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(i)

iórg fi,a,ï lsÍug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''
(ii)

iórg kEug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''
(iii)
iór wïudg Wojq lrkakg .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''
52
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(iv)

iórg rEmjdysksh keröug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''

(v)

iórg mdvï lsÍug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= '''''''
(2) my; i|yka j.=j msgm;a lr f.k iïmQ¾K lrkak'
wjika jQ
ld¾hh wdrïN jQ fõ,dj .; jQ ld,h
fõ,dj
mdif,a m<uq
fm'j' 7'30 fm'j' 8'10 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ld,Éfþoh
mdif,a úfõl
fm'j' 10'45 fm'j' 11'00 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ld,h
.=jka úÿ,shg ijka
fm'j' 5'25 fm'j' 6'05 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
§u
jHdhdu lsÍu fm'j' 6'10 fm'j' 6'25 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mdi,g hEu fm'j' 6' 10 ''''''''''''''''''''''' ñks;a;= 35hs ;;amr 30hs'
mdvï lsÍu fm'j' 10'30 ''''''''''''''''''''''' meh 2hs ñks;a;= 25hs'
rEmjdysks keröu m'j' 8'30 ''''''''''''''''''''''' ñks;a;= 28hs ;;amr 15hs'
53
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) l=reKE., isg wkqrdOmqrhg hd yels ud¾. folls'

(i) l=reKE.,ska fm'j' 5'10g msg;a
jQ nia r:hla" wUkafmd< yryd
wkqrdOmqrhg <Õd jk úg" fm'j'
7'55 úh' tu .ukg .; jQ ld,h
fidhkak'
(ii) l=reKE.,ska fm'j' 5'45g msg;a jQ nia r:hla" oUq,a, yryd

wkqrdOmqrhg <Õd jk úg fm'j' 8'20 úh' tu .ukg .; jQ
ld,h fidhkak'
(iii) wvq ld,hlska wkqrdOmqrhg <Õdúh yelafla by; ljr
ud¾.fhka .uka lsÍfuka o@
(4) ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijfha kHdh m;%h my; olajd we;'
fm'j' 8'30 - wuq;a;ka fmryßka Yd,djg le|jd f.k tAu

fm'j' 8'40 - fmd,af;,a myk oe,aùu
fm'j' 8'45 - ms<s.ekSfï .S;h
fm'j' 8'50 - ms<s.ekSfï l:dj ^úÿy,am;s;=ud&
fm'j' 9'05 - ;Hd. m%odkh - m%d:ñl wxYh
fm'j' 9'35 - m%Odk wuq;a;df.a l:dj
fm'j' 9'50 - ;Hd. m%odkh - oaú;Shsl wxYh
fm'j' 10'25 - flá kdgHhla
fm'j' 10'45 - ;Hd. m%odkh - iriú m%fõYh ,enQjka i|yd
fm'j' 11'00 - ia;=;s l:dj
fm'j' 11'10 - cd;sl .Sh .dhkh yd W;aijfha ksudj
my; i|yka tla tla wx.h i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,h fidhkak'
(i) ms<s.ekSfï l:dj (ii) m%Odk wuq;a;df.a l:dj
(iii) ;Hd. m%odkh - m%d:ñl wxYh (iv) flá kdgHh
(v) ;Hd. m%odkh - oaú;Shsl wxYh
54
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4'6 ld,h iïnkaO tl;= lsÍï ;jÿrg;a
nihlg ud;r isg .d,a,g hEu i|yd meh

1 hs ñks;a;= 30la .; fõ' .d,a, isg fld<U
olajd meñŒug meh 3 hs ñks;a;= 20la .;
fõ' ud;r isg fld<U olajd hEug nihg
.; jQ uq¿ ld,h fidhuq'
ud;r isg .d,a,g hEug .; jQ ld,h = meh 1 ñks;a;= 30
.d,a, isg fld<Ug hEug .; jQ ld,h = meh 3 ñks;a;= 20
.ukg .; jQ uq¿ ld,h fiùug by; ld,hka fol tl;= lruq'
meh ñks;a;=
1 30
+ 3 20
4 50

ksoiqk 1 ñks;; a = ;Srfha ñks;; a = .Kka tl;= lruq'
meh ñks;a;= ñks;; a = 50 + ñks;; a = 40 = ñks;; a = 90"
13 50 ñks;; a = 90 = meh 1 hs ñks;; a = 30 hs'
+ 4 40 ñks;; a = 30" ñks;;
a = ;Srfha ,shuq'
8 30 meh 1 meh ;Srhg f.k f.dia" tu ;Srfha meh .Kka
tl;= lruq'
1 + 3 + 4 = 8 tkï" meh 8ls'
ms<;
s r
= meh 8 hs ñks;; a = 30 hs'
ksoiqk 2 ksoiqk 3
ñks;a;= ;;amr Èk meh
3 20 2 10
+ 2 30 + 1 12
5 50 3 22
55
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 4 ;;amr ;Srfha ;;amr .Kka tl;= lruq'
;;amr 45 + ;;amr 30 = ;;amr 75
ñks;a;= ;;amr ;;amr 75 = ;;amr 60 + ;;amr 15
3 45 ;;amr 60 = ñks;;a = 1 neúka"
+ 5 30 ;;amr 75 = ñks;;
a = 1 + ;;amr 15
9 15 ;;amr 15 ;;amr ;Srfha ,shuq'
ñks;; a = 1" ñks;;a = ;Srhg f.k f.dia"
ñks;; a = ;Srfha ñks;; a = .Kka tl;= lruq'
1 + 3 + 5 = 9 tkï" ñks;; a = 9ls'
ms<;
s r
= ñks;; a = 9 hs ;;amr 15 hs'
meh ;Srfha meh .Kka tl;= lruq'
ksoiqk 5
meh 20 + meh 15 = meh 35
Èk meh meh 35 = meh 24 + meh 11
2 20 meh 24 = Èk 1la neúka"
+ 3 15 meh 35 = Èk 1 + meh 11
6 11
meh 11 meh ;Srfha ,shuq' Èk 1" Èk ;Srhg f.k
f.dia" tu ;Srfha Èk .Kka tl;= lruq'
1 + 2 + 3 = 6 tkï" Èk 6 hs'
ms<;
s r
= Èk 6 hs meh 11 hs'
4'9 wNHdih
^1& ^2& ^3&

ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr
2 15 4 10 3 10
+ 3 20 + 2 30 + 4 50
^4& ^5& ^6&

ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr meh ñks;a;=
3 25 4 20 1 15
+ 2 50 + 3 45 + 2 30
56
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^7& ^8& ^9&
meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;=
3 15 4 10 3 45
+ 4 45 + 3 + 2 25
50
^10& ^11& ^12&

Èk meh Èk meh Èk meh
10 10 10 12 8 15
+ 2 8 + 2 12 + 3 20
(13) óg¾ 400 « 4 iydh Èùu ;r.hl §"

ñks;a;= ;;amr
m<uqjk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 1 08
fojk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 1 02
;=kajk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 0 52
y;rjk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 0 48
iydh Èùu ;r.h ksud lsÍug l%Svlhka y;r fokdg u .; jQ
uq¿ ld,h fidhkak'
(14) .‚;h I m%Yak m;%h i|yd ld,h = ñks;a;= 45

úfõl ld,h = ñks;a;= 15
.‚;h II m%Yak m;%h i|yd ld,h = meh 2 ñks;a;= 30
.‚;h I m%Yak m;%h fm'j' 8'00g wdrïN lf<a kï" .‚;h II
m%Yak m;%h wjika lsÍug kshñ; jQ fõ,dj lSh o@
(15) ñksfila .uklska fldgila nia r:fhka .sh w;r tA i|yd meh
1 hs' ñks;a;= 45la .;úh' .ufka b;sß fldgi mhska hEu i|yd
ñks;a;= 35la .; jQfha kï, Tyqg .ukg .; jQ uq¿ ld,h fidhkak'
57
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4'7 ld,h iïnkaO wvq lsÍï ;jÿrg;a
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
ñks;a;= ;;amr meh ñks;a;=
4 30 5 35
- 2 15 - 2 25
2 15
3 10

ksoiqk 3 ;;amr 15ka ;;amr 40la wvq lsÍug fkdyels ksid"
ñks;a;= 3ka ñks;a;= 1la" tkï ;;amr 60la ;;amr ;Srhg
ñks;a;= ;;amr f.k huq'
3 15 túg" ;;amr 60 + ;;amr 15 = ;;amr 75
- 1 40 ;;amr 75 - ;;amr 40 = ;;amr 35
1 35 ;;amr 35" ;;amr ;Srfha ,shuq'
ñks;; a = ;Srfha b;sß ñks;;
a = 2ka 1la wvq l< úg" ñks;;
a = 1ls'
ms<s;=r ñks;a;= 1 hs ;;amr 35 hs'
ksoiqk 4 ñks;a;= 15ka ñks;a;= 45la wvq lsÍug fkdyels ksid

meh 4ka meh 1la tkï ñks;a;= 60la" ñks;a;= ;Srhg
meh ñks;a;= f.k huq'
4 15 túg" ñks;a;= 60 + ñks;a;= 15 = ñks;a;= 75ls'
- 1 45 ñks;a;= 75 – ñks;a;= 45 = ñks;a;= 30
2 30 ñks;a;= 30" ñks;a;= ;Srfha ,shuq'
oeka meh ;Srfha b;sß meh 3ka 1la wvq l< úg" meh 2ls'
ms<s;=r meh 2 hs ñks;a;= 30 hs'
4'10 wNHdih
^1& ^2& ^3&
ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr
5 40 20 55 10 30
- 3 10 - 10 45 - 5 50
58
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6

(4) ksu,agmdif,a isg mdmeÈfhka ksjig

meñŒug ñks;a;= 25 hs ;;amr 30la .; ù
;sì‚' Tyq meñfKk w;ru`. § mdmeÈh
kj;d fjf<|i,lg f.dia" tys ñks;a;=
3hs ;;amr 45la .; lf<a h' Tyq mdmeÈh
meof.k meñKs ld,h fidhkak'
(5) m'j' 7'00 isg m'j' 7'30 olajd ld,h ;=< úldYkh jk rEmjdyskS
jevigykl § fjf<| oekaùï m%pdrh i|yd fjka lrk ,o ld,h
ñks;a;= 12 hs ;;amr 40ls' rEmjdyskS jevigyk fmkajQ ld,h
fidhkak'
^6& ^7& ^8&
meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;=
5 35 6 12 12 18
- 2 25 - 3 20 - 10 20

(9) YS>%.dó ÿïßhla ud;r isg fld<U olajd
hEug meh 2 ñks;a;= 40la .; lf<a h'
tu fõ,djg u ms g ;a jQ nia ßhlg
ud;r is g fld<U ola j d hEug meh 3 hs
ñks ; a ; = 20la .; úh'
(i) u.s h l= nifha .uka fkdlr" ÿïßfha .uka lf<a kï" Tyq g
b;s ß jk ld,h ñks;a;= lSh o@
(ii) ÿïßh iy nia r:h ud;ßka fm'j' 9'45g tljr ms g ;a jQ f ha
kï ÿïßh yd nia r :h fld<Ug meñ‚ fõ,djka fudkjd o@
ñY% wNHdih

(1) Odjk ;r.hl § ch.%yKh l< lS%vlhd tA i|yd .; l< ld,h
ñks;a;= 3 hs ;;amr 52ls' fojk ia:dkh ,enQ l%Svlhd úiska ñks;a;=
4 hs ;;amr 15l § ;r.h wjika lrk ,È' fojk ia:dkh ,enQ
l%Svlhd ;r.h wjika lf<a m%:u ia:dkh ÈkQ l%Svlhd ;r.h
wjika lr ;;amr lShlg miq j o@
59
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(2) k.r w;r isÿ jQ .=jka .ukaj, § .=jkahdkd msg;a jQ fõ,dj iy
meñ‚ fõ,dj Y%S ,xldfõ fõ,dfjka my; j.=fõ olajd we;' tla
tla .ukg .; jQ ld,h fidhkak'
msg;a jQ meñ‚ .ukg .;jQ

k.r
fõ,dj fõ,dj ld,h
fld<U - fpkakdhs 15:00 16:10 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
vqndhs - fld<U 19:25 23:25 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fld<U - nexfldla 19:20 21:50 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
udf,a - fld<U 01:45 02:35 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

(3) fm'j' 10'45g msg;a jQ nia r:hlg wêfõ.S
ud¾.fhka .d,a, isg uyr.ug hEug .;
jk ld,h meh 1 ñks;a;= 22la úh' tA
fudfydf;a u .d,af,ka idudkH ud¾.fha
hdug msg;a jQ nia r:hlg uyr.ug <Õd ùug" wêfõ.S ud¾.fha
.uka .;a nia r:hg jvd ñks;a;= 54la .; úh' idudkH ud¾.fha nia
r:hls k a .uka .ka k d u.s h l= uyr.ug meñ‚ fõ,dj l=u la o@
idrdxYh
²² wka;¾cd;sl iïu; wdldrhg meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka fõ,dj ,shkafka
my; wdldrhg hs'
meh : ñks;a;= : ;;amr
fuys §" meh" ñks;;
a = iy ;;amr .Kk b,lalï follska oelaúh hq;= h'
²² Èkh iïu; wdldrhg ,shkafka my; wdldrhghs'
wjqreÿ - udih - Èkh
yyyy - mm - dd
fuys § j¾Ih b,lalï y;rlska o udih b,lalï follska yd Èkh
b,lalï follska o olajkq ,efí'
²² ;;amr" ñks;a;=" meh iy Èk ld,h uekSug Ndú; lrk tAll lsysmhla
fõ' tAjd w;r my; iïnkaO;d we;'
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1
ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1
meh 24 = Èk 1
60
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
5 ixLHd f¾Ldj
²²ixLHd f¾Ldj y÷kd .ekSug"
²²RK ixLHd y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ksÅ, y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ksÅ, ksrEmKh lsÍug iy
²²ksÅ, ixikaokh lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí'
5'1 ixLHd f¾Ldj u; mQ¾K ixLHd i,l=Kq lsÍu

úúO lghq;=j, § wm Ndú; lrk ñkqï WmlrKj, ixLHd i,l=Kq
lr we;' tfia ixLHd weiqfrka l%udxlkh lr we;s fldaÿjla my;
oelafõ'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
rEmfha olajd we;s fldaÿj yd .‚; WmlrK fmÜáfha we;s fldaÿj

w;r iudk;d ;sfí oe hs ksÍlaIKh lr n,kak'
tjeks ksÍlaIKhlska fidhd .;a ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'
(i) fldaÿjl" uekSfï odr yß fl<ska ksujd we;'
(ii) 0, 1, 2, 3, ... wdÈ jYfhka mQ¾K ixLHd" iudk mr;rhla iys; j
ìkaÿfõ isg l%ufhka w.h jeä jk fia ,l=Kq lr we;'
nr uekSfï WmlrKhla jk ÿkq ;rdÈfhys

o øj uekSug Ndú; lrk ñkqï irdfjys o
fujeks wxlkhka oelsh yels h'
61
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 1
mshjr 1 - fldaÿjlA Ndú;fhka rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ f¾Ldjla w¢kak'
mshjr 2 - th u; iudk mr;r iys; j" ia:dk lsysmhla ,l=Kq lrkak'
mshjr 3 - tu ia:dk 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... wdÈ jYfhka l%ufhka ol=Kq foig

w.h jeäjk fia" ixLHd u.ska kï lrkak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 4 - f¾Ldfõ ol=Kq wka;fhys B ysila fhdokak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
²² ixLHd ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kakd fujeks f¾Ldjla

ixLHd f¾Ldj hk kñka y÷kajkq ,efí'
²² ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ol=Kq mi fl<jrg B ysila fhdohs'
²² ixLHd f¾Ldjl" ixLHdj, w.h ol=Kq foig l%ufhka jeä fõ'
²² by; ixLHd f¾Ldj u; tl <Õ msysá mQ¾K ixLHd folla w;r
fjki 1ls' fjki tlla jQ mQ¾K ixLHd folla wkqhd; ^tl <`.
msysá& mQ¾K ixLHd folla hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'
²² ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka hï hï foaj,aj, m%udKd;aul f;dr;=re
ksrEmKh l< yels fõ'
²² ixLHd f¾Ldjl" ixLHdjla i,l=Kq lr fmkajkafka my; oelafjk
wdldrhg fõ'
1 2 3 4 5
by; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ" 2 iy 4 hk ixLHd i,l=Kq lr we;'
ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka" hï m%udKd;aul f;dr;=rla ksrEmKh l<

wjia:djlg WodyrKhla i,ld n,uq'
yh jk fY%a‚fha isiqfjla" ;u mdi,a WmlrK fmÜáfha jQ ulkfhys
È. 4 cm nj o mekaif,ys È. 10 cm nj o mEfkys È. 14 cm f,i
uek .kshs' tu ixLHd;aul w.hka ;=k" ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ,l=Kq l<
wdldrh rEmfha oelafõ'
62
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ulkfha È. mekaif,a È. mEfkys È.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
ta wkqj" my; oelafjk m%ldY i;H nj meyeÈ,s j fmfka'

(i) mEfkys È." mekaif,a È.g jvd jeä h'
(ii) ulkfha È." mEfkys È.g jvd wvq h'
(iii) mekaif,a È." ulkfha È.g jvd tAll 6lska jeä h'
ksoiqk 1
k.r lsysmhl WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wxYlj,ska oelaùu i|yd fhdod
.; yels ixLHd f¾Ldjla my; oelafõ'
0 8 16 24
î& A k.rfha WIaK;ajh 12 oCls'
îi& B k.rfha WIaK;ajh 8 oCls'
îii& C k.rfha WIaK;ajh 4 oCls'
îv& D k.rfha WIaK;ajh 10 oCls'
fuu tla tla k.rfha WIaK;ajh by; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ i,l=Kq
lrkak'
B k.rfha WIaK;ajh D k.rfha WIaK;ajh
0 8 16 24
A k.rfha WIaK;ajh
C k.rfha WIaK;ajh
5'1 wNHdih
(1) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj msgm;a lr .kak' th u; 1" 2 iy 5 hk
ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(2) my; olajd we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj u; i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd ,shd
olajkak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
63
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) ixLHd f¾Ldfõ we;s úfYaI ,laIK folla ,shd olajkak'
(4) ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; 4" 7 iy 2 hk ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak'
(5) ksu,af.a jhi wjqreÿ 8ls' Tyqf.a ke.‚hf.a jhi wjqreÿ 5ls' ixLHd
f¾Ldj u; fuu w.hka i,l=Kq lr olajkak'
(6) my; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd ,shkak'
10 15 20 25
(7) my; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ .S;df.a yd ksu,af.a oeka jhi wjqreÿj,ska
olajd we;'
ksu,af.a jhi
0 5 10 15 20
.S;df.a jhi
(i) .S;d yd ksu,a w;=ßka jeäuy,a jkafka ljqreka o@
(ii) .S;df.a oeka jhi lSh o@
(iii) .S;df.a jhi wjqreÿ 10 jk úg ksu,af.a jhi lSh o@
5'2 RK ixLHd
ls%hdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 - my; rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ ixLHd f¾Ldjla w¢kak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 2 - fldaÿjla Ndú;fhka f¾Ldj ìkaÿfjka jï mig È.= lr
my; rEmfha wdldrh ,nd.kak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 3 - ixLHd f¾Ldfjys olajd we;s mr;r fkdfjkia jk mßÈ" 0ka
jï mig o iudk mr;r ,efnk fia ia:dk ,l=Kq lrkak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 4 - ìkaÿfõ isg jï mig tla mr;rhla .uka l< úg yuq jk
ia:dkhg wod< ixLHdjg RK tl he hs lshkq ,efí' th
-1 f,i ixfla;j;a flf¾' zz-ZZ i,l=Kg" RK ,l=K
he hs lshkq ,efí'
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
64
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuys §" ìkaÿfõ isg 1g we;s ÿr;a ìkaÿfõ isg -1g we;s ÿr;a tlsfklg
iudk h' fuf,i u ìkaÿfõ isg jï mig mr;r folla .uka l< úg
yuq jk ,laIHhg wod< ixLHdjg RK fol hehs lshkq ,efí' th -2
f,i ixfla;j;a flf¾' fuys§ o ìkaÿfõ isg 2g;a ìkaÿfõ isg - 2g;a
we;s mr;rh iudk fõ'
fuf,i u ìkaÿfõ isg jï w;g .uka lrk úg ,efnk wfkl=;a

ia:dk ms<sfj<ska - 3" - 4" - 5 f,i i,l=Kq lrkak'
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
igyk
RK ixLHd we;=<;a ixLHd f¾Ldfjys o ol=Kq mi fl<jrg B

ysila fhdokq ,efí'
kuq;a ixLHd f¾Ldfjys" fomig u B ysia fhdok wjia:d o oelsh
yels h' ;j o" B ysij,aa fomig u fkdfhfok wjia:d o oelsh
yels h'
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ìkaÿfjka ol=Kq w; we;s mQ¾K ixLHd Ok ksÅ,
f,i ye¢kafõ' tkï" Ok ksÅ, 1" 2" 3" 4" ''' wdÈ jYfhka fõ' ixLHd
w.g fhdod we;s ;s;a ;=fkka ixLHd fuf,i ;jÿrg;a ;sfnk nj
ksrEmKh lr we;'
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ìkaÿfjka jïmi we;s ixLHd RK ixLHd fõ'
ìkaÿfjka jï mi we;s RK mQ¾K ixLHd RK ksÅ, f,i ye¢kafõ'
tkï" RK ksÅ, -1" -2" -3" ''' wdÈ jYfhka fõ' tu RK ksÅ, fufia
o olajkq ,efí' '''" -3" -2" -1'
ìkaÿj" Ok fyda RK fyda fkdjk ixLHdjls'
by;ska oelajQ Ok ksÅ, o" RK ksÅ, o" ìkaÿj o we;=<;a ixLHd

ish,a, ksÅ, kñka ye¢kafõ'
tkï" '''" -3" -2" -1" 0" 1" 2" 3" ''' ksÅ, fõ'
65
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
RK ixLHd Ndú; lrk wjia:d fndfyda we;' tjeks tla wjia:djla
my; úia;r flf¾'
WIaK;ajh" fi,aishia wxYl ìkaÿjg jvd my< nisk ia:dk o f,dalfha
;sfí' lsishï Èkl §" f,dalfha rgj,a lsysmhl m%Odk k.r myl
Wmßu yd wju WIaK;ajh my; i|yka j.=fõ oelafõ'
k.rh ksõfhda¾la meÍish fgdalsfhda fudialõ mSlsx
WIaK;ajh
Wmßu w.h 15 oC 18 oC 0 oC -2 oC 2 oC
wju w.h -2 oC -5 oC -12 oC -10 oC -8 oC
0 oC f,i .kafka hï iïu; WIaK;ajhls' fuu j.=fjys -2 oC, -5 oC,
-10 oC jeks WIaK;aj oelaùfï §" ixLHdjg bÈßfhka RK ,l=K
fhdod we;af;a" tu w.h by; iïu; WIaK;ajhg jvd wvq WIaK;ajhla
nj oelaùug h'

fuf,i u" WIaK;ajh uekSu i|yd Ndú; lrkq ,nk
WIaK;ajudkj, o 0 oC oelafjk WIaK;ajhg jvd wvq
WIaK;aj oelaùug" ixLHdjg bÈßfhka RK ,l=K Ndú;
lr we;'
ksoiqk 1
tla;rd Èkl" f,dalfha k.r lsysmhl jQ wju WIaK;aj" fi,aishia

wxYlj,ska fufia úh'
fudialõ -12 oC" fgdalsfhda 3 oC" mSlsx - 4 oC iy ,kavka -3 oC
iqÿiq ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; fuu w.hka ksrEmKh lrkak'
-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
66
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
5'2 wNHdih
(1) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldfõ i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd ,shkak'

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
(2) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldfõ P, Q iy R u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.hka

,shd olajkak'
R P Q
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
P u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.h = ............................
Q u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.h = ............................
R u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.h = ............................
(3) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj msgm;a lrf.k 4, 1 iy -3 ixLHd th
u; i,l=Kq lrkak'
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(4) -5 isg 5 olajd ksÅ, oelafjk ixLHd f¾Ldjla we|" ta u; 4" -4

iy -1 ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak' tu ia:dk ms<sfj<ska A, B iy C f,i
kï lrkak'
5'3 ksÅ, ixikaokh

my iy fol ixLHd i,ld n,uq' folg jvd my úYd, jk nj wms
oksuq' th —my" folg jvd úYd, fõ˜ f,i ,shd oelaúh yels h' th
my; wdldrhg ixfla; u.ska flá lr oelaúh yels h'
5 > 2
fuys" 5 iy 2 w;rg —jvd úYd, fõ˜ hkak woyia jk — >˜ ixfla;h
fhdod we;'
fuf,i u 9" 4g jvd úYd, fõ hkak" 9 > 4 f,i ,súh yels h'
—fol" myg jvd l=vd fõ˜ hkak ixfla; u.ska 2 < 5 f,i oelaúh
yels h'
— < ˜ ixfla;h u.ska —jvd l=vd fõ˜ hkak ksrEmKh fõ'
fï wkqj" 4" 9g jvd l=vd fõ hkak 4 < 9 f,i ixfla;d;aul j ,shkq
,efí'
67
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksÅ, folla ixikaokh lsÍfï §" fuu ixfla; fhdod .; hq;af;a
my; oelafjk mßÈ h'
úYd, ksÅ,h > l=vd ksÅ,h

l=vd ksÅ,h < úYd, ksÅ,h
— > ˜, — < ˜ hk ixfla;j,g wiudk;d ,l=Kq hehs lshkq ,efí'

tu ixfla;j, ;=v fkrd we;af;a l=vd ixLHdj foig fõ'
by; i|yka jQ ixLHd ish,a," my; oelafjk ixLHd f¾Ldfõ ,l=Kq
lr we;'
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ixLHd f¾Ldfõ ixLHdjlg ol=Kq miska we;s ixLHdjla uq,a ixLHdjg

jvd úYd, fõ' fuu .=Kh uq¿ ixLHd f¾Ldjg u wod< fõ' tu
ksid" ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka ksÅ, ixikaokfha § fuu Í;sh
wkq.ukh l< yels h'
jvd úYd, jkafka 0 o -2 o hkak úuid n,uq'

ixLHd f¾Ldjla we|" tys 0 iy -2 ,l=Kq lruq'
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
ixLHd f¾Ldj u; 0 we;af;a -2 g ol=Kq misks' tuksid 0" -2g jvd

úYd, h'
0" -2g jvd úYd, fõ hkak" 0 > -2 f,i oelaúh yels h'
fuf,i u" jvd úYd, jkafka -5 o -1 o hkak úuid n,uq'
ixLHd f¾Ldjla we| th u; -5 yd -1 ,l=Kq lruq'
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

ixLHd f¾Ldj u; -5g ol=Kq miska -1 we;'
tksid -1" -5 g jvd úYd,h' th -1 > - 5 f,i oelaúh yels h'
68
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
- 4 yd 1 hk ixLHd ixikaokh lrkak'
ixLHd f¾Ldjla we| th u; - 4 yd 1 ,l=Kq lruq'
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
ixLHd f¾Ldj u; 1 we;af;a - 4g ol=Kq misks' tu ksid my; ´kE u
wdldrhlg ksÅ, ixikaokh bÈßm;a l< yels h'
1" - 4g jvd úYd, fõ hkak 1 > - 4 f,i oelaúh yels h'
- 4" 1g jvd l=vd fõ hkak" - 4 < 1 f,i oelaúh yels h'
ksoiqk 2
6" 11 iy 13 hk ixLHdj,ska iqÿiq ixLHdj fhdod my; ysia;eka
mqrjkak'
(i) 11 < '''''' (ii) 11 > '''''' (iii) 11 = ''''''
(i) 11 <''''''
13 (ii) 11 >''''''
6 (iii) 11 =''''''
11
5'3 wNHdih
(1) wiudk;d ,l=Kq Ndú;fhka ksÅ, folla ixikaokh lr" my;
olajd we;' tu tla tla wjia:dj" jpkfhka úia;r jk wdldrh
,shkak'
wiudk;dj jpkfhka úia;r jk wdldrh
(i) 6>2 yh" folg jvd úYd, fõ'
(ii) 25 > 12
(iii) 4>0
(iv) 0<7
(v) 15 < 50
(vi) 0 > -3
(vii) -1 > -8
(viii) - 6 < -2
69
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(2) my;" § we;s iïnkaO;d yß o jerÈ o hkak ,shkak'
(i) - 5 > -8 (ii) -3 < 2 (iii) - 7 > 0
(iv) - 2 = 2 (v) 8 < - 9 (vi) 6 < - 4
5'4 ksÅ, ixikaokh ;jÿrg;a

ksÅ, follg jvd ixikaokh lrk wjia:djl § o ixLHd f¾Ldj
myiqfjka fhdod .; yels h'
WodyrKhla f,i 3" 0" -1 iy - 3 hk ksÅ, i,luq' tu ksÅ, ixLHd
f¾Ldjla u; olajd ixikaokh lruq'
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys jï mi isg ol=Kq mig ixLHdjkays w.h l%ufhka
jeä fõ' tu ksid" by; ixLHd l%ufhka w.h jeä jk fia ,shQ úg -3"
-1" 0" 3 fõ'
fï wdldrhg ixLHd w.h jeä jk wdldrhg ,shd oelaùu" tu ixLHdj,

wdfrdayK mámdáh f,i ye¢kafõ'
by; ixLHd u" 3" 0" -1" -3 f,i" ixLHd l%ufhka w.h wvq jk fia ,shd
oelaúh yels h' fufia ixLHd" w.h wvq jk wdldrhg ,shd oelaùu" tu
ixLHdj, wjfrdayK mámdáh f,i ye¢kafõ'
5'4 wNHdih
(1) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj u; i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd wdfrdayK
mámdáhg ,shd olajkak'
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(2) ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka" § we;s ksÅ, wjfrdayK mámdáhg
,shkak'
-4" 0" -2" 2
(3) ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka" § we;s ksÅ, wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shd
olajkak'
0" -1" 2" - 4" - 2
70
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) <uhska ;sfokl=f.a jhi wjqreÿj,ska ksrEmKh l<" my; oelafjk
ixLHd f¾Ldj i,lkak' tA wkqj my; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
ókdf.a jhi iS;df.a jhi rd‚f.a jhi
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(i) <uhskaf.a jhi wjfrdayK mámdáhg ,shd olajkak'

(ii) <uhskaf.a kï" jhi wvq jk ms<sfj<g ,shd olajkak'
(iii) jeäuy,a u <uhd ljqo@ nd, u <uhd ljqo@
(5) tla;rd Èkl f,dalfha k.r lsysmhl WIaK;ajhka my; oelafjk

ixLHd f¾Ldfõ fi,aishia wxYlj,ska i,l=Kq lr we;'
mSlsx fgdalsfhda kj È,a,s fu,an¾ka
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(i) wvq u WIaK;ajh ;snQ k.rh l=ula o@

(ii) jeä u WIaK;ajh ;snQ k.rh l=ula o@
(iii) mSlsx k.rfha WIaK;ajh" kj È,a,sfha WIaK;ajhg jvd tAll
lShla wvq o@
(iv) kjÈ,a,s yd mSlsx w;r o kj È,a,s yd fu,an¾ka w;r o
WIaK;ajj, fjki ie,l+ úg jeä fjki we;af;a l=uk k.r
fol w;r o@
5'5 wkqhd; fkdjk ksÅ, folla w;r ksÅ,hka fiùu

iS;df.a jhi wjqreÿ 10ls' wehf.a u,a,S" udOjf.a jhi wjqreÿ 6ls' fuu
fofokd iu. fi,a,ï lsÍug wi, ksjil isák Y%shd ks;r meñfKa'
wehf.a jhi wjqreÿj,ska 6;a 10;a w;r w.hls' 6 iy 10 w;r jQ ksÅ,
jkafka 7" 8 iy 9 hk ksÅ, mu‚' tu ksid Y%shdf.a jhi wjqreÿj,ska
7la fyda 8la fyda 9la fyda úh yels h' ixLHd f¾Ldj u.ska o fuu úi÷u
myiqfjka ,nd .; yels h'
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
fuf,i" wkqhd; fkdjk ksÅ, folla w;r we;s ksÅ, ixLHd f¾Ldj
u.ska myiqfjka y÷kd.; yels h'
71
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ixLHd f¾Ldj weiqfrka my; § we;s ksÅ, hq., w;r mj;sk ksÅ,
ish,a, ,shd olajuq'
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
ksÅ, hq.,h tu ksÅ, w;r we;s ish¨ ksÅ,
(i) - 4 iy 1 - 3" - 2" - 1" 0

(ii) 0 iy - 5 - 1" - 2" - 3" - 4
(iii) - 1 iy - 5 - 2" - 3" - 4
(iv) - 3 iy 3 - 2" - 1" 0" 1" 2
5'5 wNHdih
(1) 2 iy 8 w;r we;s ksÅ, ish,a, ,shd olajkak'

(2) 5 iy 13 w;r we;s úYd,;u ksÅ,h yd l=vd;u ksÅ,h ,shd olajkak'
(3) - 4 iy 4 w;r we;s ksÅ, ish,a, ,shd olajkak'
(4) - 10 iy - 2 w;r mj;sk ksÅ, ish,a, ,shd olajkak'
(5) 2 iy - 5 w;r we;s ksÅ, ish,a, wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shkak'
ñY% wNHdih
(1) iqÿiq ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; 5, -3 iy -2 i,l=Kq lr olajkak' tajd

wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shkak'
P Q R
(2)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys P, Q iy R u.ska ksrEmKh jk ixLHd ,shd
olajkak'
(3) ixLHd f¾Ldjla weiqre lr .ksñka" my; § we;s w.hka wdfrdayK
ms<sfj<ska ,shd olajkak'
3" 0" -1" - 4
72
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) ixLHd f¾Ldjl --6" --2" --1" 0" 1" 3" 5 hk ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak'
î& i,l=Kq l< ixLHdj,ska úYd,;u ksÅ,h l=ula o@ l=vd;u
ksÅ,h l=ula o@
îi& < fyda > wiudk;d ,l=K ksjerÈ j fhdoñka my; ysia;eka
mqrjkak'
â& - 6 ''''''' 3 ^b& - 2 ''''''' - 1 ^c& 0 ''''''' - 2
^d& 5 ''''''' - 1 ê& - 1 ''''''' - 6
îii& - 6 iy 5 w;r we;s ishü ksÅ, wjfrdayK mámdáhg ,shd
olajkak'
îv& - 1 yd 1 w;r ksÅ, lShla ;sfí o@
^v& 0 yd 5 w;r RK ksÅ, ;sfí o@
^vi& - 6 yd 0 w;r Ok ksÅ, ;sfí o@
^vii& - 1 yd 1 w;r Ok fyda RK fyda ksÅ, ;sfí o@
idrdxYh
² iudk mr;r iys; j ol=Kq mig l%ufhka w.h jeä jk fia ixLHd
ksrEmKh lr we;s my; wdldrfha f¾Ldjla ixLHd f¾Ldj kï fõ'
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
² ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ìkaÿfjka jï mi we;s ixLHd RK ixLHd fõ'
² ' ''" -3" -2" -1" 0" 1" 2" 3" '''' hk ixLHd ksÅ, fõ' ìkaÿj Ok fyda
RK fyda fkdjk ksÅ,hls'
² ksÅ, hq.,la ixikaokfha § jvd úYd, nj oelaùug —>˜ixfla;h
o jvd l=vd nj oelaùug —<˜ ixfla;h o fhdod .kS'
² ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; jQ ixLHd folla iei£fï §" iEu úg u tys
ol=K;a miska we;s ixLHdj ju;a miska we;s ixLHdjg jvd úYd, h'
² ixLHd f¾Ldj weiqfrka wkqhd; fkdjk ksÅ, folla w;r we;s
ksÅ, myiqfjka y÷kd.; yels h'
73
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
6 ksudkh yd jgehSu
²² ksudkh lsÍu hkq l=ula oe hs jgyd .ekSug"
²² wjYH wjia:dj, § iqÿiq mßÈ ksudkhka lsÍug"
²² jgehSu hkq l=ula oe hs y÷kd .ekSug iy
²² mQ¾K ixLHdjla wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehSug
yelshdj ,efí'
6.1 ksudkh lsÍu

rEmfha we;s nkafoaisfha ;sfnk wf;a we;s fjr¿ f.ä .Kk
ls
ßn;a lE,s .Kk lSh o@ 12ls' lSh o@ 7ls'
by; oelafjk wjia:d fofla § u we;s m%udK myiqfjka .Kka fldg

ksjerÈ j lsj yels h'
my; oelafjk tla tla rEmfha mqj;am;a .Kk" flfi,a f.ä .Kk
iy úis;=re fnda, .Kk tf,i myiqfjka .Kka fldg" ksjerÈ j lsj
yels o?
74
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tla tla rEmfha oelafjk øjH ixLHdj lShla oehs ksjerÈ j oek .ekSug
tAjd .Kka l< hq;= jqj o" tfia lsÍu iEu úg u myiq fkdfõ' m<mqreoao
yd w;aoelSï we;s whl=g kï" tu øjH ixLHdj i|yd wkqudk jYfhka
wdikak w.hla lsj yels h'
hï lsis øjH iuQyhl we;s øjH ixLHdj" tAjd ish,a, .Kka lsÍfuka
f;dr j" fhda.H jQ l%uhlg wkqj wdikak jYfhka lSug ksudkh
hehs lshkq ,efí'
ksudkfha §" fndfyda úg wkq.ukh lrk l%uh jkqfha" § we;s øjH
iuQyfhka fjka lr.;a fldgil we;s øjH ixLHdj weiqfrka uq¿ øjH
ixLHdj i|yd wdikak w.hla ,nd .ekSu hs' fuu l%ufha §" fjka lr
.;a fldgi tAllhla f,i i,lk w;r" tAllfha we;s øjH ixLHdj
weiqfrka uq¿ øjH ixLHdj ksudkh flf¾'
ksoiqk 1
tla;rd mqj;am;l msgm;a" f.dvj,a folla wiqrd we;s whqre my; rEmfha
oelafõ' bka B f.dfvys mqj;am;a 10la we;' A f.dfvys we;s mqj;am;a
.Kk ksudkh lrkak'
fuys oelafjk fldgia l< f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka f.dvj,a foflys
m%udKh ixikaokh lruq'
túg A f.dv" B f.dv fuka y;r .=Khl muK Wila we;s nj
meyeÈ,s fõ'
A rEmh B rEmh
B f.dfâ we;s mqj;am;a .Kk = 10
A f.dfâ we;s mqj;am;a .Kk = 10 « 4
wdikak jYfhka {
= 40
75
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 2

fjf<|i,l úlsŒug we;s úis;=re
fnda, j¾.hla ùÿre Ndckhl mqrjd
;sfnk whqre P rEmfhka oelafõ' bka
úis;=re fnda, 16la úl=KQ miq Ndckh
Èia jQ whqre Q rEmfhka oelafõ'
Ndckfha uq,ska ;snQ uq¿ úis;=re fnda,
.Kk ksudkh lrkak'
P Q
úlsŒfuka ysia jQ m%udKh fuka y;a .=Khl muK bvl úis;=re
fnda, wvx.= j ;sì‚'
tu ksid" P Ndckfha uq,ska ;snQ úis;=re fnda, .Kk
}
wdikak jYfhka = 16 « 7
= 112
6'1 wNHdih
(1) rEmfhka oelafjk fldgila ne¢ ì;a;sh iïmQ¾Kfhka ne| wjika

lsÍug wjYH uq¿ .fvd¿ m%udKh ksudkh lr ,shkak'
76
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^2& mmvï úh<Su i|yd mmvï w;=rd we;s wdldrh rEmfha oelafõ' w;=rd
we;s mmvï .Kk ksudkh lr ,shkak'
^3& tla;rd úoHd,hl 6 fY%aKsfha isg 11 fY%a‚h f;la 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A
7B, 7C, ... wdÈ jYfhka iudka;r mka;s ;=k ne.ska we;' tu iEu
mka;shl u wdikak jYfhka iudk YsIH ixLHdj ne.ska isá;s' 6A
mka;sfha isák YsIH ixLHdj 36ls' fuu úoHd,fha 6 isg 11 f;la
fYa%‚j, isák uq¿ YsIH ixLHdj ksudkh lr ,shkak'
77
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^4& rdlalhl tla l=àrhl fmd;a 11la wiqrd we;s wdldrh rEmfha
oelafõ' fuu rdlalh iïmQ¾Kfhka u tu fmd;aj,ska weisÍug
wjYH fmd;a .Kk ksudkh lrkak'
6'2 jgehSu
tla;rd lafIA;% pdßldjla i|yd isiqka 38 fokl= muK iyNd.s ùug
kshñ; h' pdßldjg iyNd.s jk isiqka .Kk 40la muK jk nj
.=re;=ñh úÿy,am;s;=udg mejiqjd h' fuys § 38" thg jvd;a u lsÜgq
oyfha .=Kdldrfhka" 40la f,i wdikak j olajd we;' fï wdldrhg
tÈfkod lghq;=j, §" hïlsis mQ¾K ixLHdjla" wdikak jYfhka thg
jvd;a u lsÜgq oyfha .=Kdldrfhka bÈßm;a lrk wjia:d we;' tA
myiqfjka wod< ixLHdj ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug hs'
WodyrKhla f,i mdif,a 6 fY%aKsfha mka;s yfhys YsIH ixLHdj 28"
31" 29" 30" 31" 32 fõ' fujeks wjia:dj, § mka;shl YsIH ixLHdj 30la
muK fõ he hs hul=g lsj yels h'
by; i|yka iEu wjia:djl § u tA tA ixLHd thg jvd;a u lsÜgq oyfha
.=Kdldrfhka olajd we;' tu l%shdj,sh" ixLHdjla wdikak oyfha
.=Kdldrhg jgehSu f,i ye¢kafõ'
78
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
² jgehSfï Í;s y÷kd .ekSu
ls%hdldrlu 1
² 10 isg 30 f;la jQ my; oelafjk ixLHd f¾Ldj fmdf;a we| .kak'
10 20 30
² rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ 10" 20 yd 30 hk ixLHdj,g háka l=vd
fldgq ;=kla we| .kak'
10 20 30
² we| .;a ixLHd f¾Ldj u; 11" 12" 14" 15" 18" 22" 24" 25 iy 28 hk
ixLHd ,l=Kq lrkak'
² tla tla ixLHdj" thg wdikakfha u we;s oyfha .=Kdldrhg
háka we;s fldgqfõ ,shkak' hï ixLHdjla oyfha .=Kdldr foll
yßueo msysgd we;a kï" tu ixLHdj thg jvd úYd," wdikak; u
oyfha .=Kdldrhg háka we;s fldgqfõ ,shkak'
² ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha b,lalu mÍlaId lsÍfuka tu ixLHdj
wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehSu l< yels wdldrh y÷kd
.kak'
² by; ls%hdldrlu wkqj Tng my; i|yka jgehSfï Í;s jgyd
.ekSug yels jQfha o@
ixLHdjla wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehSfï §" tu ixLHdfõ

tlia:dkfha we;s b,lalu"
² 5g wvq kï" tu ixLHdj thg fmr we;s wdikak; u oyfha
.=Kdldrfhka o
² 5 fyda 5g jeä kï" tu ixLHdj thg miq j we;s wdikak; u
oyfha .=Kdldrfhka o bÈßm;a flf¾'
79
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
my; i|yka ixLHd wdikak my; i|yka ixLHd w;=ßka
oyfha .=Kdldrhg jghd wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg
,shkak' jgehQ úg ms<s;=r f,i 40
(i) 78 (ii) 36 (iii) 53 (iv) 85 ,efnk ixLHd f;dard ,shkak'
ms<s;=r 45, 44, 37, 48, 35
(i) 80 (ii) 40 (iii) 50 (iv) 90 44, 37, 35 fõ'

ksoiqk 3
bf¾Id jdr mÍlaIKfha § úoHdj úIhhg ,nd.;a ,l=Kq m%udKh
wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 70la úh' kfhdañ bf¾Idg jvd
jeä ,l=Kq ,nd.;a w;r" kfhdañf.a ienE ,l=Kq m%udKh 67la úh'
bf¾Id ,nd .;a ,l=Kq i|yd ;sìh yels w.hka fudkjd o@
kfhdañ ,nd we;s ,l=Kq m%udKh 67ls' weh bf¾Idg jvd jeä ,l=Kq
m%udKhla f.k we;s neúka bf¾Idf.a ,l=Kq m%udKh 67g jvd wvq
úh hq;= h'
67g wvq ixLHdj,ska" wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg" 70 f,i
jgefhkafka 65 yd 66 mu‚' tneúka bf¾Id ,nd .;a ,l=Kq m%udKh
i|yd ;sìh yels w.hka 65 yd 66 fõ'
6'2 wNHdih
(1) my; i|yka ñ, .Kka wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jghd ,shkak'

(i) mEkl ñ, re 12 fõ'
(ii) wem,a f.ähl ñ, re 38 fõ'
(iii) fmd;l ñ, re 83 fõ'
(iv) Öia lE,a,l ñ, re 75 fõ'
(2) hï ixLHdjla wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg w.h 90 fõ' tu"

ixLHdjg ;sìh yels w.hka ,shkak'
80
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) my; i|yka A ldKavfha we;s tla tla ixLHdj wdikak oyfha
.=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg ,efnk ixLHdj B ldKavfhka f;dard f.k
ixLHd fol brlska hd lrkak'
A ldKAvh B ldKavh
37
48 30
32
45 40
55
36 50
54
43 60
(4) mka;shl isák isiqka ixLHdj wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg
40la
úh' tu mka;sfha isáh yels"
(i) wvq u isiqka ixLHdj lSh o@
(ii) jeä u isiqka ixLHdj lSh o@
(5) 6 fY%AKsfha isiqka lKavdhula .Ks;h úIhg ,nd .;a ,l=Kq my;
oelafõ'
ku ,l=Kq jgehQ w.h
wukaÈ 77
i|,s 75
wlaIs 96
i÷ka 58
biqre 45
ksmqk 85
ftlHh
(i) fuu j.=j msgm;a lrf.k" tys oelafjk ,l=Kq wdikak oyfha
.=Kdldrhg jghd j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(ii) isiqka ,nd .;a ,l=Kqj, ftlHh lSh o@
(iii) jgehQ w.hkaf.a ftlHh lSh o@
(6) fjf<kaol= <Õ ;snK q q uq¿ wU f.ä m%udKh wdikak oyfha
.=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 60la fõ' bka f.ä folla krla ù ;sîu ksid
tAjd bj;a lrkq ,efí' b;sß wU m%udKh wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg
jgehQ úg 50la fõ' Tyq <Õ ;snK q q uq¿ wU m%udKhg .; yels w.hka
fudkjd o@
81
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ñY% wNHdih
^1& fï ñys;,fha iEu ìï w`.,la u uf.a mrmqrg Y=oaO jQ jia;=jls' È,sfik

foajodr .il yeu lsks;a;la u" je,s;,dj,ska msÍ .sh iEu fjr<la u" w`ÿre
jkdka;rj, ;sfnk iEu ñysÿï j,djla u isyska yçka .S .hk iEu l=vd
m%dKsfhla u udf.a ñksiqkaf.a u;lfha yd w;aoelSï iuqodfha mQckSh jQ jia;+=yq
jkafkda h' .ia w;ßka úys§ hk iEu wämdrla u ñksid ms<snò iaurKh
/f.k hkafka h' iqÿ ñksiqka jQ Tnf.a u<.sh we;af;da urKfhka miq ;u
uõìu wu;l fldg foõf,dj ießir;s' uy fmdf<dj r;= ñksidf.a uE‚hka
jk neúka wmf.a u<.sh we;af;da fï iqkaor ñys;,h wu;l fkdfldg
fuys u /fòkafkda h' wms ñys;f,a fldgila jkafkuq' iq.kaOj;a mqIamfhda
wmf.a fidfydhqßfhda h' msksuqjd" wYajhd" uyd rdcd,shd" fï ish,af,da u
wmf.a ifydaorfhda fj;s' .sß YsLr o ;K ìïj, f;;ukh o fmdakshdf.a;a"
ñksidf.a;a isref¾ WKqiqu o hk fï ish,a, u tl u mjq,lg wh;a jkafka h'
^r;= bkaÈhdkq kdhl isheg,a úiska ls%'j' 1854 § mj;ajk ,o iqm%lg l:dfõ
fldgil wkqjdohls&'
(i) by; fþofha ´kE u fma<s ;=kl we;s jpk .Kk .Kka lr
,shkak'
(ii) fþofha we;s uq¿ jpk .Kk by; ms<s;=r weiqfrka ksudkh lr
,shkak'
(2) hula ksudkh lsÍfï § tys ms<s;=r" ksudkh lrk mqoa.,hd wkqj
fjkia jk nj .sydka mjihs' Tn fuu woyig tlÕ jkafka o@
ms<s;=r meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(3) fjf<|i,l úis;=re fnda, wvx.=

fnda;,hla 1 rEmfhka olajd we;' tys
úis;=re fnda, 200la wvx.= nj igyka
lr we;' th ñ, § .;a ksu,a úis;=re
fnda, hï m%udKhla ñ;=rka w;r fnod
ÿka miq b;=re jQ m%udKh 2 rEmfhka
oelafõ' ñ;=rka w;f¾ fnod ÿka úis;=re
fnda, m%udKh ksudkh lrkak'
1 rEmh 2 rEmh
82
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) iÑks" jdr mÍlaIKfha § .Ks;hg ,nd.;a ,l=Kq m%udKh wdikak
oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 80lA úh' iÑksg jvd wvq ,l=Kq ,nd.;a
.h;s%f.a ienE ,l=Kq m%udKh 82la úh' iÑks ,nd.;a ienE ,l=Kq
m%udKh i|yd úh yels w.hka fudkjd o@
(5) mka;sfha isák isiqka .Kk wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg
40la fõ' w¨;ska <uhska kjfokl= mka;shg we;=<;a l< úg isiqka
.Kk wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 40la fõ' uq, § mka;sfha
isá isiqka .Kk lSh o?
(6) fudfyduâ <`. we;s l;kaor fmd;a .Kk wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg
jgehQ úg 30ls' *d;sud <`. we;s l;kaor fmd;a .Kk wdikak
oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 20la fõ' *d;sud <`. fudfyduâg jvd
fmd;a 3la wvqfjka we;' fofokd <Õ we;s uq¿ fmd;a .Kk 49la
kï" fudfyduâ <Õ we;s fmd;a ixLHdj fldmuK o@
idrdxYh
² hï lsis øjH lÜg,hl we;s øjH ixLHdj" ish,a, .Kka lsÍfuka
f;dr j fhda.H jQ l%uhlg wkqj wdikak jYfhka lSu ksudkh
kï fõ'
² mQ¾K ixLHdjla" thg jvd;a u lsÜgq oyfha .=Kdldrfhka oelaùu"
wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehSu kï fõ'
83
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6

7 fldaK
² fldaaKhla y÷kd .ekSug"
² RcqfldaKh y÷kd .ekSug iy
² RcqfldaKh weiqfrka iq¿ fldaKh" uyd fldaKh" ir, fldaKh
yd mrdj¾; fldaKh y÷kd .ekSug
yelshdj ,efí'
7'1 fldaKh y÷kd .ekSu
rEmfha oelafjkafka yß fl<ska we`È f¾Ldjlska fldgils' th AB ir,

f¾Ld LKavhla f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'
A B
ir, f¾Ld LKav folla yuqùfuka fldaKhla

iEfoa' tjeks fldaKhla rEmfha olajd we;' tu
ndyqj ir, f¾Ld LKav fol yuq jk ,laIHh"
fldaKfha YS¾Ih f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'
tu ir, f¾Ld LKav" fldaKfha ndyq f,i
YS¾Ih ndyqj ye¢kafõ' rEmfha r;= mdg jl% f¾Ld fldgi
u.ska fldaKh i,l=Kq fldg we;'
fldaK lsysmhla my; rEm igykaj, olajd we;'

84
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
wm wjg we;s fndfyda oE ksÍlaIKfha § fujeks fldaK oel .; yels
fõ' my; oelafjkafka tajdg WodyrK lsysmhls'
meh lgqj yd ñks;a;= rEmjdyskSs hka;%hl wekagkd jy,hl iú lr we;s

lgqj w;r fldaKhla l+re fol w;r fldaKhla ,S |vq w;r fldaK
jy,hla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § yd .Dy NdKav ks¾udKh lsÍfï § jeks
fndfyda m%dfhda.sl wjia:dj, fldaK wdYs%; oekqu Ndú; fõ'
ls%hdldrlu 1
mshjr 1 - wuq fmd,a brgqjla f.k" th fjka fkdjk mßÈ ueÈka fldgia
follg kjkak'
mshjr 2 -- tu brgq fldgia fol tl u; tl isák fia fïihla u;
;nd" m<uq fldgi fïihg ;o lr w,jd .kak'
mshjr 3 - fojk fldgi fïih u; lerleùfuka ,efnk wjia:d
lsysmhl rEm igyka fmdf;a w¢kak'
tfia ,eìh yels wjia:d lsysmhl rEm igyka my; oelafõ'
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

fuu rEm igykaj, olajd we;s fldaK ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
fuu tla tla wjia:dfõ §" fojeks brgq fldgi lerlejqKq m%udKh
tu fldaKfha úYd,;ajh fõ'
fldaKj, úYd,;ajh jeä jk ms<sfj<g" by; rEm igyka fm< .iajd
we;'
85
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
7'1 wNHdih
(1) my; rEm w;=ßka fldaK oelafjk rEm f;dard" tu rEmj, wlaIr
,shkak'
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
(2) my; tla tla wjia:dfõ olajd we;s fldaK foflka úYd, fldaKh
f;dard" Bg wod< wlaIrh ,shd olajkak'
(ii)
(i)
)a( )b( )a( )b(
(iii)
)a( )b(
(iv)
)a( )b(
86
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
7'2 Rcq fldaKh
ls%hdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 - jD;a;dldr yevh we;s øjHhla Ndú;fhka

lvodishla u; jD;a;hla we| .kak'
mshjr 2 - by; §" we| .;a jD;a;h Tiafia lemSfuka
jD;a;dldr wdia;rh fjka lr .kak'
mshjr 3 - jD;a;dldr wdia;rh tl u; tl iïmd; jk
fia folg kud .kak'
mshjr 4 - folg keuQ wdia;rh È. fkdyer" kej;;a

folg kud .kak'
mshjr 5 - by; mßÈ kud .;a wdia;rh È. yer tys keuqï f¾Ld ;o
mdáka
" fldaÿj ;nd we| .kak'
túg" ir, f¾Ld LKav follska" wdia;rh iudk fldgia

y;rlg fnÿk wdldrh rEmfha oelafõ'

 fuys §" rEmfha wdldrhg úYd,;ajh tl iudk fldaK y;rla

ks¾udKh fõ'
 fuu fldaKhl úYd,;ajhg iudk úYd,;ajhla we;s fldaK Rcq
fldaK fõ'
87
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fõ,dj 3'00 jk úg Trf,daiqfõ meh lgqfõ yd ñks;a;= lgqfõ msysàu
oelafjk rEmhla o" fldgq lvodis u; fldaK lsysmhla we| we;s
rEm folla o 87 msgqfõ oelafõ' tu iEu rEmhl u oelafjk fldaK
úYd,;ajfhka iudk jk w;r" tajd Rcq fldaK fõ'

Rcq fldaKhla we| oelaùfï § th Rcq fldaKhla
nj yeÕùug" tys ir, f¾Ld LKav fol yuq jk
ia:dkfha § r;= mdáka oelafjk mßÈ Rcq fldaKh
i,l=Kq lrhs'
mka;s ldurfha §" Rcq fldaK yevh msysgk ia:dk lsysmhla my;
oelafõ'
²² fmd;l msgljrfha tl <Õ we;s odr folla yuq jk ia:dkh
²² .=re fïi ,E,af,a uq,a,la
²² l¿ ,E,af,a uq,a,la
ls%hdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 - ´kE u yevhla we;s lvodis lene,a,la .kak' ^1 rEmh&

mshjr 2 - tu lvodis lene,a, leu;s wdldrhlg folg kukak' tys
keuqï odrh u; B ysila ,l=Kq lrkak' ^2 rEmh&
mshjr 3- - B ysfika fomi keuqï odrfha fldgia fol" tl u; tl
isák fia" iïmd; jk fia lvodis lene,a, kej; folg
kukak' ^3 rEmh&
1 rEmh 2 rEmh 3 rEmh

keuqï odr w;r iEfok fldaKh Rcq fldaKhla fõ' tu fldaKh we;s
uq,,
a Rcq uq,,
a la f,i ye|skf
a õ'
88
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
mshjr 4 - my; oelafjk tla tla fldaKfha YS¾Ih u; Rcq
uq,af,a YS¾Ih o fldaKfha tla ndyqjla u; Rcq uq,af,a tla
keuqï odrhla o ;nkak' tA weiqßka" Rcq fldaK y÷kdf.k
tAjdfha wxl ,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)
(iv) (v)
7'2 wNHdih
(1) rEmfha oelafjk fldaK w;=ßka Rcq fldaK f;dard" tAjdfha wxl ,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
(2) fldgq lvodishla u; Rcq fldaKhla w¢kak' th Rcq fldaKhla nj

oelaùug wod< i,l=K fhdokak'
(3) Tn wjg we;s oEj," Rcq fldaK yevh olakg ,efnk wjia:d 5la
,shkak'
89
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
7'3 Rcq fldaKh weiqfrka fldaK j¾. y÷kd .ekSu
1. iq¿ fldaK
2' ir, fldaK
úYd,;ajfhka Rcq fldaKhg Rcq fldaK foll úYd,;ajhg
jvd wvq fldaK" iq¿ fldaK iudk jQ úYd,;ajhla we;s
f,i y÷ka jkq ,efí' fldaK ir, fldaK f,i
y÷kajkq ,efí'
3' uyd fldaK

4'
mrdj¾; fldaK
úYd,;ajfhka Rcq fldaKhg úYd,;ajfhka ir, fldaKhg
jvd úYd, tfy;a ir, jvd jeä tfy;a Rcq fldaK
fldaKhg jvd wvq fldaK" uyd y;rl úYd,;ajhg jvd wvq
fldaK f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' fldaK mrdj¾; fldaK f,i
y÷kajkq ,efí'
oeka Tn Rcq fldaK" iq¿ fldaK" ir, fldaK" uyd fldaK yd mrdj¾;
fldaK f,i fldaK j¾. myla y÷kdf.k we;'
ls%hdldrlu 4
mshjr 1 - ;=kajeks ls%hdldrlfï § l< mßÈ lvodishlska Rcq uq,a,la

idod .kak'
90
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
mshjr 2 - my; tla tla fldaKfha YS¾Ih u; Rcq uq,f a ,a YS¾Ih o
fldaKfha tla ndyqjla u; Rcq uq,fa ,a tla ndyqjla o ;nkak'
tA weiqfrka" tla tla fldaKfha j¾.h y÷kd .kak'
rEmfha olajd we;s wlaIrh iuÕ tu j¾.h ,shd olajkak'
^wjYH wjia:dj, §" fldaÿfõ odrh ir, fldaKhla f,i
Ndú; lrkak'&
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
(f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
7'3 wNHdih
(1) my; oelafjk tla tla Trf,daiqfõ meh lgqj yd ñks;a;= lgqj w;r
i,l=Kq lr we;s fldaKh l=uk j¾.hg wh;a oe hs ,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)
(iv) (v) (vi)
91
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(2) my; oelafjk tla tla rEmfha 1 isg 10 f;la wxl u.ska olajd we;s
fldaK l=uk j¾.hg wh;a oe hs wkqms<sfj<ska ,shkak'
4 5
1 2 3
6
8
7 10
9
(3) my; oelafjk tla tla rEmfha wxl u.ska olajd we;s fldaK l=uk
j¾.hg wh;a oe hs wxlh iu`. ,sshkak'
1 1
2
1 2 2 3
3
4
(i) (ii) (iii)
1 1 2
4
3 2 3
4 1 2
(iv) (v) (vi) 3
(4) § we;s j.=j msgm;a lrf.k my; i|yka tla tla rEmfha 1 yd 2
f,i olajd we;s fldAK l=uk j¾.hg wh;a oe hs i|yka lrkak'
rEmh fldaK j¾.h
1 2
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
92
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
1 1
1 2
2 1
1
2 2 2
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
(5) fldgq lvodishla u; my; i|yka tla tla j¾.fha fldaK fol
ne.ska w¢kak' tu fldaK i,l=Kq lrkak'
• iq¿ fldaK • Rcq fldaK • uyd fldaK
• ir, fldaK • mrdj¾; fldaK
(6) cfk,a oe,a ^.%s,a& iE§fï §" úúO fldaKhkag wkqj hlv l+re mdiaikq
,efí' Tn wjg mßirfha we;s fujeks oE weiqfrka" úúO j¾.fha
fldaK úoyd oelafjk rEm igyka w¢kak'
idrdxYh
² ir, f¾Ld LKav folla yuqùfuka fldaKhla iEfoa'

² úYd,;ajfhka Rcq fldaKhg jvd wvq fldaK iq¿ fldaK f,i
ye¢kafõ'
² Rcq fldaK foll úYd,;ajhg iudk úYd,;ajhla we;s fldaK
ir, fldaK f,i ye|skafõ'
² úYd,;ajfhka Rcq fldaKhg jvd úYd, tfy;a ir, fldaKhg
jvd wvq fldaK uyd fldaK f,i ye¢kafõ'
² úYd,;ajfhka ir, fldaKhg jvd úYd, tfy;a Rcq fldaK y;rl
úYd,;ajhg jvd wvq fldaK mrdj¾; fldaK f,i ye¢kafõ'
93
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
8 ÈYd
²² fok ,o ia:dkhl isg fjk;a ia:dkhl msysàu wg ÈYd weiqfrka
m%ldY lsÍug iy
²² isri iy ;sri y÷kd .ekSug
yelshdj ,efí'
8'1 m%Odk ÈYd
●● Èjhsfka Bidk È. fjr< ;Srhg oeä iq<x - ld,.=K ksfõokhla

●● fm'j' 8'05 g kef.kysr n,d <sm .sks fu<ùu Y=Nhs - wjqreÿ pdß;%hla
●● fm'j' 3'00;a 5'00;a w;r ksß;È. wyfia W,aldmd; j¾Idjla - mqj;la
by; oelafjkafka tÈfkod Ôú;fha § ÈYd ms<sn| i|yka jk wjia:d

lsysmhls' tf,i úúO lghq;=j, §" ÈYd ms<sn| oekqu wmg wjYH fõ'
oeka wms óg fmr Tn bf.k f.k we;s m%Odk ÈYd y;r h<s u;la lr
.ksuq'
kef.kysr ÈYdj kï lr we;af;a

ysre kef.k ÈYdj f,i h' rEmfha
oelafjk mßÈ oE;a È. yer" br
kef.k ÈYdjg uqyqK,d isg.kak'
túg" Tfí ol=Kq w;ska oelafjk
ÈYdj" ol=Kq ÈYdj jk w;r jï
w;ska oelafjk ÈYdj" W;=re ÈYdj
fõ' túg" Tn msgqmd isákafka
niakdysr ^ngysr& ÈYdjg hs'
94
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ÈYd igykla fmd;l we£fï §" iïu;hla f,i tys ÈYd olajkqfha
my; i|yka wdldrhg hs'
W;=r ^W fyda N&
niakdysr ^n fyda W& kef.kysr ^ke fyda E&
ol=K ô fyda S&

is;shïj," ksjdi ie,iqïj, W;=re ÈYdj
W
ixfla;j;a lsÍug — ˜ ixfla;h olajd
we;'
lsishï ia:dkhl isg ÈYd ksjerÈ j
fidhd .ekSug ud,sudj Ndú; l< yels
h' tys l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn| j u|la úuid
n,uq'
ud,sudj hï iu;,d ia:dkhl ;enQ úg
tys r;= mdáka oelafjk lgqj W;=re ÈYdjg
fhduq fõ' tu lgqfõ ;=v" ud,sudfõ N
wl=rg fhduq jk fia ud,sudj N%uKh
l< úg" b;sß ÈYd o ud,sudj u.ska y÷kd
.; yels h'
ud,sudfõ lgqfõ ;=v W;=re ÈYdjg túg ud,sudfõ N wl=r" lgqfõ ;=v
fhduq ù we;s wjia:djla fuys oelafõ' fj; f.k wd wjia:dj fuys oelafõ'
W;=r
95
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
my; rEmfha oelafjk oEj, msysàu" ÈYd weiqfrka y÷kd .ksuq'
by; oelafjk rEmj,g wkqj"

1. <uhdg W;=re ÈYdfjka .i msysgd we;'
2. <uhdg kef.kysr ÈYdfjka <s| msysgd we;'
3. <uhdg ngysr ÈYdfjka f.h msysgd we;'
4. <uhdg ol=Kq ÈYdfjka f.aÜgqj msysgd we;'
5. <uhd uqyqK,d isákafka ol=Kq ÈYdjg h'
6. f.aÜgqjg W;=re ÈYdfjka <uhd yd .i msysgd we;'
8'1 wNHdih
(1) my; oelafjk rEmh foi n,d ysia;eka mqrjkak'
W
96
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(i) .=re fïihg ''''''''''''''''''''' ÈYdfjka l¿ ,E,a, we;'
(ii) .=re fïihg ''''''''''''''''''''' ÈYdfjka isiq fïih we;'
(iii) .=re fïihg kef.kysr ÈYdfjka ''''''''''''''''' we;'
(iv) .=re fïihg niakdysr ÈYdfjka '''''''''''''''''''' we;'
8'2 wkq ÈYd

m%Odk ÈYd y;rg wu;r j ;j;a wkq ÈYd y;rla ms<sn| j oeka wms
bf.k .ksuq'
** W;=re yd kef.kysr ÈYd w;r we;s Rcq fldaKh yßhg u folg
fnfok fia rEmfha B;,hlska olajd we;s ÈYdj Bidk ÈYdj fõ'
** kef.kysr yd ol=K ÈYd w;r we;s Rcq fldaKh yßhg u folg
fnfok fia rEmfha B;,hlska olajd we;s ÈYdj .sksfldk ÈYdj fõ'
** ol=K iy niakdysr ÈYd w;r we;s Rcq fldaKh yßhg u folg
fnfok fia rEmfha B;,hlska olajd we;s ÈYdj ksß; ÈYdj fõ'
** niakdysr iy W;=re ÈYd w;r we;s Rcq fldaKh yßhg u folg
fnfok fia rEmfha B;,hlska olajd we;s ÈYdj jhU ÈYdj fõ'
wg ÈYd ¡ W;=r" kef.kysr" ol-=K" ngysr" Bidk" .sksfldk" ksß;

iy jhU
W;=r
jhU Bidk
ngysr kef.kysr
ksß; .sksfldk
ol=K
97
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
oeka my; Y%S ,xldfõ is;shfï ,l=Kq lr we;s ia:dk lsysmhla i,lñka
ÈYd ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid n,uq'

oUq,af,a isg Bidk ÈYdfjka
;%sl=Kdu,h msysgd we;'
;%sl=Kdu,fha isg ksß; ÈYdfjka
oUq,a, msysgd we;'
W
oUq,af,a isg" ol=Kq ÈYdfjka ;%sl=Kdu,h
fojqkaor ;=vqj msysgd we;s
w;r" fojqkaor ;=vqfõ isg W;=re
W
ÈYdfjka oUq,a, msysgd we;'
oUq,a,
ia:dkhl msysàu ia:djr jqj o W

tys ÈYdj ;SrKh jkafka ta foi fld<U
n,k ia:dkh wkqj nj ñka
meyeÈ,s fõ'
W
fojqkaor ;=vqj
8'2 wNHdih
(1) Wmq,af.a ksji iy ta jgd msysá ia:dk lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

W
² ÿïßh ² ;eme,a ² mdi,

ia:dkh ld¾hd,h
² nia ² ksji ² frday,

kej;=ïm<
² fjf<|i, ² mkai, ² jej
98
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^w& ksjfia isg my; iòyka tla tla ia:dkh msysá ÈYdj i|yka lrñka"
§ we;s j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
fjf<o ;eme,a nia ÿïßh
ia:dkh mkai, mdi, frday, jej
i, ld¾hd,h kej;=ïm< ia:dkh
ksjfia
isg ÈYdj
^wd& my; j.ka;s ,shd f.k" ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

(i) ksjfia isg ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ÈYdfjka ;eme,a ld¾hd,h msysgd
we;s w;r ksji msysgd ;sfnkafka ;eme,a ld¾hd,hg
'''''''''''''''''''' ÈYdfjks'
(ii) nia kej;=ïmf<ys isg ;eme,a ld¾hd,hg hEug ''''''''''''''''''''''
ÈYdjg .uka l< hq;= w;r" ;eme,a ld¾hd,fha isg h<s nia
kej;=ïm<g hEug '''''''''''''''' ÈYdjg .uka l< hq;= h'
(iii) ;eme,a ld¾hd,fha isg ''''''''''''''''''' ÈYdfjka frday, msysgk
w;r frdayf,a isg ksß; ÈYdfjka ''''''''''''''''''' msysghs'
(iv) mkaif,a isg Bidk ÈYdfjka ''''''''''''''''''''' msysgk w;r" frdayf,a
isg W;=re ÈYdfjka '''''''''''''''' msysghs'
(v) mkaif,a isg ''''''''''''''' ÈYdjg .sh úg ksji yuq fõ' ksjfia
isg niakdysr ÈYdjg .sh úg '''''''''''''''' yuq fõ' nia kej;=fï
isg h<s mkai,g taug ''''''''''''' ÈYdjg .uka l< hq;= fõ'
(2) iu;,d ìul msysá ia:dk lsysmhla fldgq cd,lfha oelafõ'
A kï ia:dkfhka .uka wrUk ydfjla" B;,j,ska olajd we;s
ud¾.fha W÷msh,sh lñka f.dia h<s A ia:dkhg <Õd fõ'
W
B C E
D F
ydjd
A
G

^w& ydjd .uka l< u`." ÈYd weiqfrka olajñka" j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
99
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
.uka u`. .uka l< ÈYdj
A isg B olajd W;=r
B isg C olajd
C isg D olajd
D isg E olajd
E isg F olajd
F isg G olajd
G isg A olajd
^wd& Tn A ia:dkfha isg ydjd foi n,d isáfha kï" my; oelafjk
tla tla ia:dkh miq lrk úg Tng ydjd fmfkk ÈYdj i|yka
lrkak'
(i) B (ii) D (iii) E (iv) G
(3) is;shfï § we;s k.r weiqfrka my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re
imhkak'
W
(i) mq;;
a ,fï isg uykqjr msyá
s
ÈYdj o uykqjr isg mq;;a ,u
msyá
s ÈYdj o wkqm< s f
s j<ska
² jjqkshdj
i|yka lrkak'
(ii) uvl,mqj fjr< ;Srfha
isg Èjhsk yryd ksß;
foig yuk iq<s iq<`.lska
jvd;a wk;=re úh yels
² mq;a;,u hehs Tn is;k k.rhla
² uvl,mqj kï lrkak'
(iii) oxfldgqfõ isg ud;rg;a
² uykqjr
² oxfldgqj ud;r isg wïmdrg;a yß
² wïmdr fl<ska ud¾. i,l=Kq
lr we;akï tA Tiafia
oxfldgqfjka .uka wrUk
whl= wïmdrg <Õd ùug" hd
hq;= ÈYd fol wkqms<sfj<ska
² ud;r i|yka lrkak'
(iv) ud;rg wdikak jYfhka
W;=ßka msysá k.r folla
kï lrkak'
100
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) le,Efõ weú§u mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd tys msysá .,a;,djlg /f.k
.sh yuqodNghl=g ,nd ÿka my; f;dr;=re wkqj" Tyq ;u .uk
iïmQ¾K l< hq;= h'
(i) .,a;,dfõ isg 500 m kef.kysrg .sh úg Èh myrla yryd
jeà we;s taoKavla yuq fõ'
(ii) taoKafvka tf.dv ù Bidk foig 800 m .uka l< úg Èh
we,a,la yuq fõ'
(iii) Èh we,a, <`. isg 600 m .sksfldk ÈYdjg .uka l< úg
ls;=,a .ila yuq fõ'
(iv) ls;,= a .i <`. isg 750 m ksß; foig .sh úg .,a .=ydjla
yuq fõ'
(v) .,a .=ydfõ isg 800 m jhU foig .uka l< úg" Tyqf.a
l|jqr yuq fõ'
yuqodNghdg" § we;s f;dr;=re wkqj Tyq .uka l< hq;= ud¾.h
oelaùug o< igykla w¢kak'
8'3 ;sri iy isri

wm fuf;la idlÉcd l< ÈYdj,g wu;r j hï jia;=jl msysàu úia;r
lsÍug wjYH jk ;j;a ixl,am folla we;' tA ;sri iy isri hs'

c,h msrjQ úYd, fíiul" c,h ksYap,j we;s úg c,fha u;=msg ;sria
;,hla f,i i,lkq ,efí'
nEjqï fkdjk iu;,d u;=msgla ;sria ;,hl msysgd we;ehs lshkq ,efí'
;sria ;,hl msysgk ´kEu ir, f¾Ld LKavhla ;sria f¾Ld LKavhla
f,i ye¢kafõ'

;sria ;,hl msysgk ´kEu ,laIH folla tlu uÜgfï msysgd we;ehs
lshkq ,efí'

;sria ;,hla u; we;s l=vd fnda,
lsym
s hla i,lkak' tys tla tla fnda,h"
wfkla fnda,j,g ;sriaj msyg s d we;ehs
lshkq ,efí' ;j o tAjd tlu ;sria
uÜgfï
we;ehs o lsj yels h'
101
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6

l=vd nrla" kQ,l wdOdrfhka hï ia:dkhl t,a,d .kak'
tu nr ksYap, jQ úg kQ, msysgk f¾Ldj isria f¾Ldjla
f,i i,lkq ,efí'
nr
hï ;,hl isria f¾Ldjla we;akï th isria ;,hls'

;sria ;,hl we;s ´kE u f¾Ldjla ;sria f¾Ldjla jqj o isria ;,hl
we;ss ´kE u f¾Ldjla isria f¾Ldjla fkdfõ'
,laIH folla tlu isria f¾Ldfõ msysgd we;s úg tla ,laIHhla
B wfkla ,laIHhg isria j Wäka msysgd we;' fuys B ,laIHh, A
,laIHhg isria j by<ska msysghs'
A
isria yd ;sria msysàï lsysmhla y÷kd .ksuq'
u;=msg ;sria ;,hl msysgd we;'

u;=msg ;sria he hs lshkq ,efí'
ll=f,a odrh
isria f¾Ldjls' ;sria u;=msgla
;sria odrhla
odrh ;sria f¾Ldjl msysgd we;'

odrh ;sria he hs lshkq ,efí'
isria u;=msgla
;sria odrhla
isria odrhla
102
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
isú,su
ì;a;sh iy fodr isria fõ'

f.ìu iy isú,su ;sria fõ'
fodr ì;a;sh
f.ìu
;,hl ;sria nj oek .ekSug iam%S;= f,j,h Ndú; lrhs'

jdhq nqn< yß ueo fkdmsysghs'
jdhq nqn< yß ueo msysghs'
;,h ;sria fõ'
;,h ;sria fkdfõ'
tfiAu isria msysàï y÷kd .ekSug ,Uh Ndú; lrhs'
C ,laIHh folla tlu uÜgfï msysgd we;a oe hs

A B ne,Sug úksúo fmfkk j;=r nghla Ndú; l<
yels h' A, B tlu uÜgfï msysgd we;' A, C tlu
uÜgfï msysgd ke;'
103
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
8'3 wNHdih

^1& ;sria ;,hla u; ;nd we;s
>klhla rEmfha oelafõ' tu
>klfha Tng fmfkk ;sria
yd isria odr kï lrkak'

^2& fuys oelafjk mqgqfõ ir, rEmhla we| ;sria yd
isria ;, 3 ne.ska o" ;sria iy isria odr 3 ne.ska
o ,l=Kq lrkak'
(3) rEmfha oelafjkafka isria ;,hl ;nd we;s mfrú l+vqjls' tys
fldgqj, isák mfrúhka A, B, C, D, E, F iy G f,i olajd we;'
rEmh weiqfrka my; i|yka j.ka;sj, ysia;eka mqrjkak'
A C
E F
B D G
(i) A mfrúhd isák fldgqjg ;sria j '''''''''''''' mfrúhd isák

fldgqj msysgd we;'
104
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(ii) B mfrúhd isák fldgqjg isria j by<ska '''''''''''''' mfrúhd
isák fldgqj msysgd we;'
(iii) F mfrúhd isák fldgqjg '''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' E mfrúhd isák
fldgqj msysgd we;'
(iv) C mfrúhd isák fldgqjg '''''''''''''' D mfrúhd isák fldgqj
msysgd we;'
(v) B" D iy G mfrúhka isák fldgq tlu '''''''''''''' ;,hl msysgd
we;'
idrdxYh
²² ysre kef.k ÈYdj kef.kysr ÈYdj o ysre nisk ÈYdj ngysr
ÈYdj o fõ'
²² hï ia:dkhl msysàu" ;j;a ia:dkhl msysàug wkqj m%ldY lsÍug
wg ÈYd fhdod .; yels h'
²² wg ÈYd - W;=r" Bidk" kef.kysr" .sksfldk" ol=K" ksß;"
ngysr iy jhU
²² wkq ÈYd - Bidk" .sksfldk" ksß; iy jhU
²² m%Odk ÈYd - W;=r" kef.kysr" ol=K iy ngysr
²² jia;=j, msysàu m%ldY lsÍug ;sri yd isri o m%fhdackj;a fõ'
105
mqkÍlaIK wNHdi ud,dj
(1) 53 428 hk ixLHdfõ"
(i) tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h ,shd
olajkak'
(ii) tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h ,shd olajkak'
(2) zztlish mkiamka ì,shk wg ñ,shk foish mkaoyia ydrish wgZZ

fuu ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg b,lalfuka ,shkak'
(3) my; tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak' ixLHd kduh o
,shkak'
(i) 750037 (ii) 1024839
(4) Y%S ,xldj" bx.%Sis md,kfhka ksoyi ,nd .;af;a 1948 fmnrjdß 04
jk Èk § h' fuu Èkh iïu; wdldrhg ,shd olajkak'
(5) ysia fldgqj,g .e<fmk b,lalï ,shkak'
(i) 85 + = 232 (ii) 3156 - = 2825

(6) lïlrefjl=f.a Èkl l=,sh remsh,a 750ls' lïlrejka 8la Èk 10la
;=< fiajfha fho jQ úg f.úh hq;= uq¿ l=,sh lSh o@
(7) my; tla tla ixLHdj wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jghd ,shkak'
(i) 64 (ii) 97 (iii) 45
î& 67 651 × 1 = '''''''''''''''''' îi& 875 × 37 = 37 × ''''''''''''''

îii& 31 611 × 0 = '''''''''''''''''' îv& 0 ÷ 31 611 = ''''''''''''''''''''''''
^v& 28 971 ÷ 1 = '''''''''''''''''' ^vi& 478 × 1000 = ''''''''''''''''''''''''
^vii& 98 714 ÷ '''''''''''''''''' = 9 8714 ^viii& ''''''''''''''''' × 1 = 3325
îx& 67 000 ixLHd 10ka fn¥ úg ,íêh '''''''' iy fYaIh '''''''' fõ'
(9) iq¿ lrkak'

î& 4343 + 75 îi& 6848 - 959 îii& 3328 × 25 îv& 3227 ÷ 19
106
(10) my; j.=fõ ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'
meh 12 l%uhg wka;¾ cd;sl

wjia:dj
wkqj fõ,dj iïu; l%uhg wkqj fõ,dj
/iaùu wdrïN lrk fõ,dj m'j 1.00 .......................
/iaùu wjika lrk fõ,dj .......................... 16 : 50
(11)
fuys oelafjk rEmfhys"

(i) jD;a;h u; ,l=Kq lr we;s ;s;aj,g .A .B
wod< bx.%Sis wlaIr fudkjd o?
(ii) jD;a;h we;=<; ,l=Kq lr we;s O . .C
D.
;s;aj,g wod< bx.%Sis wlaIr
fudkjd o?
(12) my; oelafjk rEmh foi n,d ysia;eka mqrjkak'

W
mdi,
ksji frday,
fmd,Sish nia kej;=ïm< ;eme,a ld¾hd,h
ÿïßhm<
mkai,
nexl=j
Trf,daiq lKqj
107
(i) nia kej;=ïm<g ''''''''''' ÈYdfjka ;eme,a ld¾hd,h msysgd
we;'
(ii) fmd,sishg ''''''''''' ÈYdfjka nia kej;=ïm< msysgd we;'
(iii) nexl=jg W;=re ÈYdfjka ''''''''''' yd ''''''''''' msysgd we;'
(13) ixLHd f¾Ldjla we| tA u; -4 iy 6 ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak'

(i) fuu ksÅ, fol w;r we;s ish¨ ksÅ, ,shd olajkak'
(ii) < fyda > fyda wiudk;d ,l=K ksjerÈj fhdoñka my; ysia;eka
iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(a) - 4 ''''' 3 (b) 0 ''''' - 3 (c) - 3 ''''' - 4 (d) - 1 ''''' 0
c
(14) (a) rEmfhys oelafjk a, b, c, d, e yd f
wlaIrj,ska fmkajd we;s tla tla fldaKh
ljr j¾.fha oe hs i|yka lrkak' b
e d
a f
(b) iu;,d ìul jQ iup;=ri%dldr bvul fldka y;r A, B, C yd
D f,i rEmfha mßÈ kïlr we;' A isg neÆ úg D msysgkafka
ol=Kq ÈYdfjks' fldka y;r w;r fl<ska jeà we;s ud¾. Tiafia
.uka l< yels h' ta tla tla wjia:dfõ § .uka l< hq;= ÈYdj
,shd olajkak'
W î& D isg C g hdug

îi& C isg A g hdug
A B îii& A isg C g hdug
îv& C isg B g hdug
^v& B isg D g hdug
^vi& D isg B g hdug
^vii& B isg A g hdug
^viii& A isg D g hdug
D C

108
(15) î& mQ¾K ixLHdjla wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 40 fõ'
tu mQ¾K ixLHdj .; yels ish¨ ixLHd ,shd olajkak'
îi& tÈfkod Ôú;fha § ksudkh Ndú; lrk wjia:d folla ,shd
olajkak'
îii& kdh hdfuka ÿïßh ud¾.h yriaùu ksid ÿïßhl isá u.Ska
B<Õ m%Odk ÿïßhm< fj; nia r: u.ska f.k hdug ;SrKh
úh' nihl u.Ska 45la muK f.k hd yels h' u.Ska 673la tljr
f.khEug niar: lShla muK fhoúh hq;= o@
(16) .d,af,a isg mer‚ .d¨ mdr Tiafia lgqkdhl .=jka f;dgqm< fj;
hdug idudkHfhka .; jk ld,h meh 3ls'
tu .uk kj .d¨ lgqkdhl ud¾.h Ndú;fhka idudkHfhka
meh 1 ñks;a;= 20lska ksu l< yels h'
î& kj ud¾.h Ndú; lr fuu .uk hdfuka b;sß jk ld,h
meh yd ñks;a;=j,ska olajkak'
îi& u.shl= m'j' 2'00g lgqkdhl .=jka f;dgqmf<ys isáh hq;=
hehs is;kak'
^w& kj ud¾.h Ndú; lrhs kï" Tyq .d,af,ka msg;a úh
hq;= fõ,dj meh 12 Trf,daiqj wkqj ,shd olajkak'
^wd& mer‚ ud¾.h Ndú; lrhs kï Tyq .d,af,ka msg;a úh
hq;= fõ,dj meh 12 Trf,daiqj wkqj ,shd olajkak'
îii& tu u.shd hd hq;= .=jkahdkh 17:10 fõ,djg msg;a fõ' fuu
fõ,dj meh 12 Trf,daiqj wkqj ,shkak'
109
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
9
Nd.
²²;;H Nd." tAll Nd. yd ;=,H Nd. y÷kd .ekSug"
²²;;H Nd. ixikaokh lsÍug iy
²²;;H Nd. tl;= lsÍug yd wvq lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí'
9'1 ye¢kaùu
wlald;a u,a,S;a w;r fmar f.ähla iudk j fldgia follg fnod .;a
wdldrh my; rEmfhka oelafõ'
;=ka fokl= w;f¾ flala f.ähla iudk j fldgia ;=klg fnod .;a
wdldrh my; rEmfhka oelafõ'
110
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuf,i iïmQ¾K tlla" ke;fyd;a tallhla" iudk j fldgiaj,g
fn§ug isÿ jk wjia:d fndfyda fjhs'
by; m<uq wjia:dfõ §" uq¿ fmar f.äfhka tla whl=g ,enqfKa" fn¥
iudk fldgia foflka tlls' fmar f.äh 1la f,i ixLHd;aul j
oelajQ úg" tla whl=g ,enqKq m%udKh" ixLHd;aul j olajkafka 1
2
f,isks' fuh lshjkafka zzfoflka tlZZ f,isks'
by; fojk wjia:dfõ §" flala f.äfhka tla whl=g ,enqKq fldgi"
fn¥ iudk fldgia ;=fkka tlls' flala f.äh 1la f,i .;a úg" tla
1
whl=g ,enqKq m%udKh" 3 f,i ixLHd;aul j oelafõ' fuh lshjkafka
zz;=fkka tlZZ f,isks'
my; i|yka rEmj,ska úia;r jk mßÈ" iïmQ¾K tlla" tkï tAllhla

iudk fldgiaj,g fjka lr ,nd .;a fldgia ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid
n,uq'
mdg lr we;s rEmh tallhla f,i f.k"

tu m%udKh ixLHd;aul j 1 f,i olajuq'
1
tu tallh iudk fldgia 2lg fnod tla
fldgila mdg lr we;' mdg lr we;s
1
1 m%udKh 2 ls' fuh zzfoflka tlZZ f,i
2 1
lshjkq ,efí' tallhlg tAjd 2ls'
2
m<uq tallh iudk fldgia 3lg fnod

tla fldgila mdg lr we;' mdg lr we;s
1 m%udKh 1 ls' fuh zz;=fkka tlZZ f,i
3 1
3
lshjkq ,efí' tallhlg 3 tajd 3ls'
1
fuu rEmfha mdg lr we;s m%udKh ls'
4
fuh zzy;frka tlZz f,i lshjkq ,efí'
1 tallhlg 1 tajd 4ls'
4 4
111
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
m<uq tAllh fldgia 3lg fnod fldgia
2la mdg lr we;' mdg lr we;s m%udKh 2 ls'
3
fuh zz;=fkka folZZ f,i lshjkq ,efí'
2
3
igyk
idudkH jHjydrfha §"
1
●● foflka tl" tkï 2 hkak nd.h f,i o"
1
●● y;frka tl" tkï 4 hkak ld, f,i o"
●● y;frka ;=k" tkï hkak ;=ka ld, f,i o lshjkq ,efí'
my; oelafjk tla tla rEmfhka jg ù we;s m%udKh tAllhla f,i
.;a úg" tajdfha mdg l< m%udKh ms<sfj<ska iy fõ'
tAllhlska oelafjk m%udKh ixLHd;aul j 1la f,i .ksuq' tu m%udKh

iudk fldgiaj,g fnod ,efnk fldgia tllska fyda lsysmhlska fyda
oelafjk m%udKh ixLHd;aul j olajk wdldrh wms úuid ne¨fjuq'
fï wdldrhg olajk" tlg jvd l=vd ìkaÿjg jvd úYd, ixLHd ;;H
Nd. fyj;a kshu Nd. f,i ye¢kafõ'
3
iy ;;H Nd. lsysmhlg WodyrK fõ'
8
112
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
igyk
tlg jvd úYd, Nd. ixLHd o we;' tAjd ms<sn| j bÈß fY%a‚hl § Tng
bf.k .ekSug wjia:dj ,efí'
fuu rEmh fldgia y;rlg fnod ;sfí' kuq;a mdg l<

1
fldgi iïmQ¾K tflka 4 la fkdfõ'
9'1 wNHdih
(1) j.=fõ ysia;eka mqrjkak'
iudk j mdg l< mdg l< lshjk

fnod we;s fldgia fldgfia wdldrh
ksrEms;
tallh fldgia .Kk m%udKh
m%udKh
.Kk Nd.hla
f,i
2 1 1 foflka
2 tl
3 '''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''
(2) my; oelafjk tla tla rEmfha jg ù we;s m%udKh tAllhla f,i
.;a úg" mdg l< m%udKh Nd.hla f,i ,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
113
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) my; oelafjk tla tla rEmh msgm;a lr f.k" § we;s tla tla Nd.h
ksrEmKh jk mßÈ mdg lrkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)
3 5 5
7 6 8
9'2 Nd.hl yrh yd ,jh

4
Nd.h i,luq'
7
fuys 7 hkq tallhla iudk j fnokq ,enQ fldgia .Kk hs' thg
Nd.fha yrh he hs lshkq ,efí' th Nd.fha bß i,l=Kg háka olajd
we;'
4 hkq fjka lr olajk fldgia .Kk hs' thg Nd.fha ,jh he hs
lshkq ,efí' th Nd.fha bß i,l=Kg Wäka olajd we;'
4 ,jh
7 yrh
fuf,i" Nd.hla ixLHd;aul j ,sùfï §"
² brg háka ,shd we;s ixLHdj tu Nd.fha yrh f,i y÷kajhs'
² brg Wäka ,shd we;s ixLHdj tu Nd.fha ,jh f,i y÷kajhs'
iEuúg u ;;H Nd.hl ,jh" tys yrhg jvd l=vd fõ'
1 1 1 1
2 " 3 " 4 iy 5 jeks ,jh 1 jQ Nd. úuid n,uq' tjeks Nd.j,g tAll
Nd. he hs lshkq ,efí'
tAll Nd.hlska ksrEmKh jkafka" tAllhla iudk fldgiaj,g fn¥
úg ,efnk tl fldgil m%udKh hs' fujeks Nd. jeo.;a jkafka"
tAjd mokï lr .ksñka wfkl=;a Nd. úia;r l< yels ùu ksid h'
2
oeka wms Nd.h" 1 tAll Nd.h weiqfrka úia;r lruq' fuh rEmhlska
3 3
olajuq'
fuu rEmfha oelafjk iudk fldgia ;=fkka tla fldgil
1 2
m%udKh fõ' mdg lr we;s m%udKh" tkï " tjeks fldgia
3 3
2ls'
114
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tkï" 2 hkq 1 tajd folls'
3 3
fuf,i u"
3 hkq 1 tajd ;=kla o"
4 4
5 1
hkq 7 tajd myla o"
7 7
1 tajd 3la 3 la o fõ'

5 5
9'2 wNHdih
(1) —yrh˜ iy —,jh˜ hk tajdhska iqÿiq moh f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'
3 5
(i) 8 hkq ys ''''''''''''''''''''' fõ' (ii) 5 hkq 11 ys ''''''''''''''''''''' fõ'
8
(2) yrh 5 iy ,jh 2 jk Nd.h ,shkak'

(3) my; iòyka ;;H Nd.j,ska tAll Nd. f;dard ,shkak'
3 1 2
" " " 1" 4 " 7 " 1 " 1
5 4 3 7 11 10 15 27
(4) jryka ;=<ska iqÿiq w.h f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'
(i) 2 hkq 1 tajd ''''''''''''' ls' ^1" 2" 3&

5 5
4 1
(ii) hkq tajd ''''''''''''' ls' ^8" 7" 4&
7 7
(iii)
2
hkq ''''''''''' tajd 2ls' ^ 11 " 11" 16 &
3 33 22 6
1 1 1
(iv) 3 hkq ''''''''''' tajd 3ls' ^ 13 " 1 " 1 &
4 3 22 44
3 1 1 1
(v) '''''''''''' tajd 3 la fõ' ^ 313 " 155 " 144 &
5
5 1 11 11
(vi) '''''''''''' tajd 5 la 8 fõ' ^ " " &
77 88 12
12
115
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
9'3 ;=,H Nd.
ls%hdldrlu 1
úYd,;ajfhka iudk jQ" iqÿ mdg jD;a;dldr

ldâm;a folla .kak'
mshjr 1 - m<uq jD;a;dldr ldâm; jrla kud .ksñka"

iudk fldgia follg fnokak'

mshjr 2 - fojk jD;a;dldr ldâm; fojrla kjd"
.ksñka iudk fldgia y;rlg fnokak'
mshjr 3 - ldâm;a È. yer" ldâm;a fofla u" yß wvla ne.ska rEmfha

oelafjk mßÈ mdg lrkak'
fuu rEmfha mdg l< fldgi" ldâmf;a fuu rEmfha mdg l< fldgi" ldâmf;a
1 2
uq¿ m%udKfhka ls' uq¿ m%udKfhka 4 ls'
2
jD;a;dldr ldâm;a fofla u uq¿ m%udKfhka tl u m%udKhla mdg lr

we;' tu ksid" 1 yd 2 hk Nd.j,ska ksrEmKh jk ixLHd iudk
2 4
úh hq;= h'
ta wkqj"
1 2
2
= 4
tlsfklg fjkia jQ yrhka yd tlsfklg fjkia ,jhka we;s kuq;a"
tl u ixLHdjla ksrEmKh lrk fujeks Nd." ;=,H Nd. f,i
1 2
ye¢kafõ' tA wkqj" iy 4 ;=,H Nd. fõ'
2
116
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
;=,H Nd. ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid n,uq'
1
2
by; tla tla rEmfha mdg lr we;s m%udKhka iudk h' tneúka" tAjdhska
ksrEmKh flfrk iy hk Nd. iudk fõ' tu ksid"
fuu Nd. tlsfklg ;=,H Nd. fõ'
tu ;=,H Nd. ,nd .; yels ;j;a wdldr folla úuid n,uq'
m<uq l%uh
1
" fuys § ys yrh;a ,jh;a 2ka .=K lr we;'
2
1 1× 3 3
= = " fuys § 1 ys yrh;a ,jh;a 3ka .=K lr we;'
2 2×3 6 2
1
2
1
2
Nd. ixLHdjl" yrh;a ,jh;a tl u mQ¾K ixLHdjlska ^ìkaÿj yer&

.=K lsÍfuka m<uq Nd.hg ;=,H jQ Nd.hla ,nd .; yels nj ñka
meyeÈ,s fõ'
117
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fojk l%uh
2
" fuys § 4 ys yrh;a ,jh;a 2ka fnod we;'
" fuys § ys yrh;a ,jh;a 3ka fnod we;'
4
8 " fuys § ys yrh;a ,jh;a 4ka fnod we;'
Nd. ixLHdjl" yrh;a ,jh;a b;sß ke;s j fnfok tl u mQ¾K
ixLHdjlska fn§fuka" m<uq Nd.hg ;=,H jQ Nd.hla ,nd .; yels nj
ñka meyeÈ,s fõ'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
g ;=,H jQ Nd. 2la ,shkak' yd hk Nd. ;=,H Nd. fõ

oe hs fidhkak'
}
iy 1" g ;=,H jQ Nd. fõ'

5
fï wkqj" =
tu ksid yd ;=,H Nd. fõ'
9'3 wNHdih
(1) uq,ska § we;s Nd.hg ;=,H Nd. ,efnk fia ysia;eka mqrjkak'
(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)
(v) (vi)

118
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(vii) (viii)
(2) my; oelafjk tla tla Nd.h i|yd ;=,H Nd. folla ne.ska ,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(v) (vi)
(3) (i) yd hk Nd. ;=,H Nd. fõ oe hs fidhkak'

1 3
(ii) yd 12
hk Nd. ;=,H Nd. fõ oe hs fidhkak'
6

(4) 1 g ;=,H jQ yrh 6 jk Nd.hla yd 2 g ;=,H jQ yrh 6 jk
2 3
Nd.hla ,shkak'
9'4 Nd. ixikaokh

●
● ,jh 1 jQ Nd. ixikaokh
1 1
3
iy 5
hk Nd. ixLHd my; rEmj,ska ksrEmKh lr we;'
1
3
1
5
1 1
fuu rEm wkqj" hkak g jvd úYd, nj meyeÈ,s fõ' th
3 5
f,i ixfla;d;aul j olajuq'
1 1
yd hk Nd. ixLHdj, l=vd u yrh iys; Nd.h 1 fõ'
3 5 3
fuf,i" tAll Nd. follska" l=vd yrh we;s Nd.h" wfkla Nd.hg
jvd úYd, fõ'
119
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
●●,jh iudk Nd. ixikaokh
2 2
3
yd hk Nd. ixikaokh lruq'
5
2 1 2 1
3 hkq 3 tAjd 2la nj o 5
hkq 5
tAjd 2la nj o wms W.;af;uq'
1 1 neúka" 2 2
> > fõ'
3 5 3 5
fuf,i" ,jh iudk jQ Nd. follska" l=vd yrh we;s Nd.h" wfkla
Nd.hg jvd úYd, fõ'
●●yrh iudk Nd. ixikaokh
flala f.ähla iudk fldgia 5lg lmd we;s úg" whshd bka fldgia
3la o" kx.S bka fldgia 1la o .;ay' fuys § jeä m%udKhla ,nd f.k
we;af;a whshd h' fuh rEmhlska olajuq'

whshd .;a fldgi 3 ls' kx.S .;a fldgi 1 ls'
5 5
3 1 1 3
fï wkqj" > 5 fõ' fuh 5
< 5 f,i o ,súh yels fõ'
5
;j;a WodyrKhla i,luq'

yrh 6 jQ ;;H Nd. my; oelafjk rEmj,ska ksrEmKh lr we;'
1
6
5
6
120
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
rEm wkqj"
1 jk nj meyeÈ,s fõ'
1 f,i o ,súh yels fõ'
yrh iudk Nd. folla ixikaokh lsÍfï §" úYd, ,jh we;s Nd.h"
wfkla Nd.hg jvd úYd, fõ'
ksoiqk 1
hk Nd. wdfrdayK mámdáhg ilikak'
4 neúka" ms<s;=r " " 4 fõ'
² Nd. ixikaokh ;jÿrg;a
1
yd 5 jeks ,jhka fyda yrhka fyda iudk fkdjk Nd. ixikaokh
6 12
lrk wdldrh úuid n,uq'
;=,H Nd. weiqfrka fuu Nd. ixLHd fol yrh tl u jQ Nd.j,ska
,shd .ksuq' túg óg fmr wjia:dfõ § fuka jvd úYd, Nd.h y÷kd
.; yels fõ'
1
=
6
5
" g jvd úYd, fõ'
12
5 1
tkï" 5 > fõ' fï wkqj > fõ'
12 12 6
121
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
1 3
yd Nd.j,ska jvd úYd, Nd.h f;darkak'
2 4
3
>
2
neúka" fõ' tu ksid" jvd úYd, Nd.h 3fõ'
4 4 4
9'4 wNHdih
(1) my; tla tla wjia:dfõ" § we;s Nd.j,ska úYd, u Nd.h f;dard
,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)
(iv) (v) (vi)

(vii) (viii) (ix)

(x)
(2) < , > fyda = hk ixfla; iqÿiq mßÈ ysia;eka i|yd fhdokak'
(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)
(vii) (viii) (ix)
(x) (xi) (xii)
122
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) my; tla tla wjia:dfõ" § we;s Nd. wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)
13
(iv) (v) (vi) 22
(4) tlsfklg fjkia yrhka we;s" 1 g jvd l=vd jQ Nd. ixLHd folla
,shkak' 2
9'5 Nd. tl;= lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu

² yrh iudk Nd. tl;= lsÍu
ksjig f.fkk ,o flala f.ähla wïud úiska iudk fldgia 8lg

fnod fjka lr ;nk ,È' túg tla fldgila uq¿ flala f.äfhka 1
8
fõ'
2
oñ;a ñka fldgia 2la" tkï" flala f.äfhka l m%udKhla f;a
8 1
mdkfha § lEfõ h' ;j;a fldgia 1la" tkï" flala f.äfhka la kx.S
8
1
f;a mdkfha § lEjd h' oñ;a iy kx.S lE uq¿ flala m%udKh tAjd 3ls'
8
3 2 1
tkï ls' tkï" m%udKhg m%udKhla tl;= l< úg" uq¿ m%udKh
8 8 8
3
ls'
8
fuh ixfla;d;aul j olajuq'
3
=
8 8 8
123
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuf,i" iudk yrhka iys; Nd. tl;= lsÍfï §" ms<s;=frys yrh" tl;=
lrkq ,nk Nd.j, yrh u fõ' ms<s;=frys ,jh jkafka tl;= lrkq
,nk Nd.hkays ,jhkaf.a tl;=j hs'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
2 g 1 la tl;= lrkak' ys w.h fidhkak'
4 4
●● yrh iudk Nd. wvq lsÍu

3
iudk fldgia 5lg fjka l< yels fpdla,Ü tllska" l m%udKhla
3 5
,ls÷g ,eì‚' ,ls÷g ,enqKq tu 5l
fldgiska fjka l< yels tla
1
fldgila tkï iïmQ¾K fpdla,Ü tflka 5 l m%udKhla ils÷g fok
,È' túg ,ls÷g b;sß jQfha iïmQ¾K fpdla,Ü tflka 2 l m%udKhls'
5
iïmQ¾K fpdl,Ü tl
,ls÷g ,enqKq fldgi
3
5
,ls÷g b;sß jQ fldgi 2 ils÷g ÿka fldgi 1

5 5
fuh ixfla;d;aul j olajuq'

124
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuf,i" yrh iudk Nd. wvq lsÍfï §" ms<s;=frys yrh jkafka tu
Nd.hkays yrh u fõ' ms<s;=frys ,jh jkafka m<uq Nd.fha ,jfhka
fojk Nd.fha ,jh wvq l< úg ,efnk w.h hs'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
ys w.h fidhkak' ys w.h fidhkak'

ksoiqk 3
ys w.h fidhkak'
5 wjYH kï" ms<s;=r i|yd my; ;=,H Nd.h o ,nd

=
15 .; yels h'
9'5 wNHdih
(1) w.h fidhkak'

(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
125
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(g) (h) (i)
(j) (k) (l)
(m) (n) (o)
(p) (q) (r)
(s) (t)
(2) ysia fldgqj,g wod< w.hka ,shkak'
5 −2 = −2
(a) (b) =
7 7 7 7
(c) (d)

(e)
^3& w.h fidhkak'

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) 6 (f)
8 8
(g) (h) (i)
(j) (k) (l)

(m) (n) (o)
(4) ysia fldgqj,g wod< ixLHd ,shkak'
(a) (b) (c) (d)
126
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
² Nd. tl;= lsÍu ;jÿrg;a
2
ydjeks yrh wiudk Nd. tl;= lrk wdldrh úuid n,uq'
5
2
m<uqj g ;=,H jk yrh 10 jQ Nd.h fidhd .ksuq'
5
2 22 4
 
5 5  2 10
3 2 3 4 7
tu ksid 10 + 5 =  
10 10 10
fuys § isÿ jkafka ;=,H Nd. weiqfrka" § we;s Nd. ixLHdj,g iudk
jQ tl u yrh we;s Nd. ixLHd ,shd" tAjd tl;= lsÍu hs'
ksoiqk 1
ksoiqk 2

² Nd. wvq lsÍu ;jÿrg;a
1 1
− jeks yrh wiudk Nd. wvq lsÍu ms<sn| j úuid n,uq'
2 4
1
;=,H Nd. weiqfrka g iudk" yrh 4 jQ Nd.h ,shuq'
2
túg"
127
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuys § o ;=,H Nd. weiqfrka" § we;s ixLHdj,g iudk jQ tl u yrh
we;s Nd. ixLHd ,shd" tAjd wvq lsÍu isÿ fõ'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
9'6 wNHdih
(1) w.h fidhkak'

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)
(j) (k) (l)

(m) (n) (o)
(2) w.h fidhkak'
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
128
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(g) (h) (i)
(j) (k) (l)
(m) (n) (o)

1
(3) wu,a" l:d fmd;lska la i÷od lshù h' wÕyrejdod tu fmdf;ka
1 2
;j;a 4 la lshù h' tu Èk fofla § wu,a úiska fmdf;ka fldmuK
m%udKhla lshjk ,oafoa o@
1
(4) ;d;a;df.a cQks ui udisl jegqfmka orejkaf.a we÷ï i|yd l
1 4
m%udKhla o" fmd;am;a i|yd 12
l m%udKhla o úhoï úh'
(i) we`ÿï yd fmd;am;a i|yd úhoï jQ iïmQ¾K uqo, udisl jegqfmka
ljr Nd.hla o@
(ii) fmd;am;aj,g jvd we÷ï i|yd udisl jegqfmka ljr Nd.hla
úhoï ù o@
9'6 icd;Sh iuQyhlska Nd.hla

iïmQ¾K tllska fldgila Nd.hla f,i y÷kd .;af;uq' oeka iuQyhlska
hï m%udKhla Nd.hla f,i y÷kd .ksuq'
fnda, y;rl iuQyhla tAllhla f,i .ksuq'
thska tlla bj;a lrkak' túg" b;sß fnda,
3
m%udKh iuQyfhka Nd.hla f,i ,shQ úg 4
la fõ'
u,a myl iuQyhlska" oï mdg u,a m%udKh"

2
iuQyfhka Nd.hla f,i ,shQ úg 5 ls'
fnd;a;ï y;l iuQyfhka

ÿUqre mdg fnd;a;ï m%udKh
4 ls'
7
129
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 2
my; j.=fõ ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'
iuQyfha we;s mdg lr mdg lr we;s m%udKh
iuQyh uq¿ fldgia we;s fldgia uq¿ m%udKfhka Nd.hla
.Kk .Kk f,i
2 1 1
2
3 '''''''''' ''''''''''
'''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''
'''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''
ñY% wNHdih
(1) my; oelafjk tla tla tAllfhka mdg l< fldgi Nd.hla f,i
,shkak'
(i) (ii)

(2) iqÿiq rEmhla tAllhla f,i f.k" my; i|yka Nd. ksrEmKh
lrkak'
1 4 7 3 5
(i) 5 (ii) 7 (iii) (iv) (v) 8 6 9
(3) my; oelafjk tla tla Nd.h i|yd ;=,H Nd. folla ne.ska
,shkak'
5
(i) (ii) 3 (iii) 1
(iv) (v)
6 4 7
(4) 8 , 4 , 2 iy 3 hk Nd. wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shkak'
15 15 3 5
1 2 2 7
(5) , , iy hk Nd. wjfrdayK mámdáhg ,shkak'
2 3 9 18
130
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(6) w.h fidhkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)
(iv) (v) (vi)

1 +1 +1 1 +2 +1 1 +5 +1
(vii)
12 6 2
(viii)
2 12 24
(ix)
16 8 4

(x) 1 + 2 + 1
4 5 20
(7) ;d;a;d <Õ ;snQ uqo,a m%udKfhka
1 " 1 iy 1 hk m%udKhka
12
orejka ;sfokd w;r fnod fok ,È' 3 4
(i) ;sfokdg u ÿka uq¿ uqo,a m%udKh ;d;a;d <Õ ;snQ uq,a uqo,ska
ljr Nd.hla o@
(ii) uqo,a jeäfhka u yd wvqfjka u ,enqKq fofokd w;r uqo,a
m%udKhkays fjki" ;d;a;d <Õ ;snQ uq,a uqo,ska ljr Nd.hla o@
idrdxYh
²² ,jh tl jQ Nd." tAll Nd. f,i ye¢kafõ'
²² tlg jvd wvq ìkaÿjg jvd úYd, Nd. ixLHd ;;H Nd. fyj;a
kshu Nd. f,i ye¢kafõ'
²² Nd. ixLHdjl yrh;a ,jh;a mQ¾K ixLHdjlska .=K lsÍfuka fyda
iqÿiq mßÈ fn§fuka fyda m<uq Nd.hg ;=,H jQ Nd.hla ,nd .;
yels h'
²² yrh iudk Nd. tl;= lsÍfuka fyda wvq lsÍfuka ,efnk ms<s;=rej,
o tu yrh u ;sfí'
²² yrh iudk Nd. tl;= lsÍfï § ,jhka tl;= lsÍfuka ms<s;=frys
,jh ,efí' yrh iudk Nd. wvqlsÍfï § ,jhka wvq lsÍfuka
ms<s;=frys ,jh ,efí'
131
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
10 f;aÍu

²² iuQyhl we;s oE" fmdÿ jQ ,laIK we;s ldKavj,g fjka lsÍug iy
² hï ldKavhlg fmdÿ jQ ,laIK wkqj tu ldKavh kï lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí'
wm okakd fndfyda oE" y÷kd .;a fmdÿ jQ ,laIK we;s ldKavj,g

fjka lr .; yels fõ'
ksoiqkla f,i my; i|yka i;=ka iuQyh úuiuq'
132
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuys oelafjk i;=ka úúO wdldrhg ldKav l< yels h' tu i;=ka
ldKav follg fjka lr we;s whqre my; oelafõ'
l=l=<d
n,a,d
.srjd
isxyhd uhskd
uqjd
lmqgd
fldáhd
wYajhd ldKavh 2
fuu ldKavfha isák i;=kaf.a

ldKavh 1 fmdÿ ,laIKhla jkafka mshEöug
yels ùu hs' tu ksid fuu ldKavh
fuu ldKavfha isák i;=kaf.a fuu i;=ka iuQyfha isák mlaISka
fmdÿ ,laIKhla jkafka ll=,a f,i kï l< yels fõ'
4la ;sîu h' tu ksid fuu ll=,a 2la muKla ;sîu" fï i;=kag
ldKavh fuu i;=ka iuQyfha we;s ;j;a fmdÿ ,laIKhls' tu
isák isjqmd i;=ka f,i kï ksid fuu ldKavh fuu i;=ka
l< yels fõ' iuQyfha isák fomd i;=ka f,i o
kï l< yels fõ'
fuu i;=ka wdydrhg .kakd øjH wkqj Ydl NlaIl" udxi NlaIl iy
i¾j NlaIl f,i o ldKav ;=klg fjka l< yels fõ'
ksoiqk 1
(i) 2" 5" 3" 8" 11" 4" 7" 9" 6 hk ixLHd fmdÿ jQ ,laIK wkqj ldKav
follg fjka lr ,shkak'
(ii) tla tla ldKavhg fmdÿ jQ ,laIKh l=ula o@
(iii) tu fmdÿ jQ ,laIKh wkqj tla tla ldKavh i|yd kula fhdackd
lrkak'
133
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2 4 6 8 3 5 7 9 11
fmdÿ ,laIKh jkafka 2ka b;sß fmdÿ ,laIKh jkafka -2ka fn¥
ke;sj fnfok ixLHd ùuhs' úg 1la b;sß jk ixLHd ùuhs'
fh¥ kduh - fuu ixLHd fh¥ kduh - fuu ixLHd
iuQyfha ;sfnk brÜg ixLHd iuQyfha ;sfnk T;af;a ixLHd
10'1 wNHdih
^1& my; i|yka rEmj, olajd we;s oE" § we;s tla tla ,laIKh wkqj
ldKav follg fjka lsÍu i,lkak' tla tla ldKavhg wh;a
tAjdfha kï ,shkak'
î&
lerÜ
f.dajd wkakdis
wU
ñÈ
fndaxÑ
flfi,a wem,a
jÜglald
fuu iuQyfha ;sfnk fuu iuQyfha ;sfnk

t<j¿ m,;=re
134
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
îi&
w 4 m u
5 l 7 3 9
m g 6
fuu iuQyfha ;sfnk wl=re fuu iuQyfha ;sfnk b,lalï
^2& my; i|yka tajd" fmdÿ jQ ,laIK wkqj ldKav ;=klg fjka lr"
tla tla ldKavhg wh;a tajdfha kï ,shkak' tA tA ldKavh i|yd
iqÿiq kula ne.ska ,shkak'
î&
nih kej
f,dßh
fndaÜgqj ;%S frdao r:h h;=remeÈh
fcÜ hdkh fy,sfldmagrh rej,a fndaÜgqj
135
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
îi&
27 1453 61 795
2015 149 460 3333

97 606 9532 12

893 7995 80
^3& my; i|yka ixLHd" ldKav y;rlg fjka lsÍfï § fhdod .;a fmdÿ
,laIK 2la § we;' b;sß ldKav fol i|yd fmdÿ ,laIK folla
y÷kd .kak' tu ldKav iqÿiq f,i kï lr" § we;s ish¨ ixLHd
ldKav y;rg fjka lr ,shd olajkak'
4 56
2 7 5
34 25 1 9
3 1
7 7
9
15
4 18 65
9
fuu iuQyfha ;sfnk

5 .=Kdldr jk ixLHd fuu iuQyfha ;sfnk
yrh 7 jQ kshu Nd.
idrdxYh
²² iuQyhl we;s oE" fmdÿ jQ ,laIK we;s ldKavj,g fjka l< yels h'
²² fmdÿ jQ ,laIK wkqj ldKav kï l< yels h'
136
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
11 idOl yd .=Kdldr
²² mQ¾K ixLHdjl idOl yd .=Kdldr fiùug"
²² idOl yd .=Kdldr wdY%s; .eg¨ úi`§ug iy
²² ixLHdjlaa 2ka" 5ka yd 10ka b;sß ke;s j fnfoa oe hs mÍlaId lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí'
11'1 idOl y÷kd .ekSu

isiqka yh fokl= isák mka;shla i,lkak" iEu fma<shl u iudk
isiqka ixLHdjla wiqka .; hq;= h' tA i|yd mqgq 6la ms<sfh, l< yels
wdldr my; oelafõ'
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
tla fm<lg mqgq 6 ne.ska

fma<s 1ls'
tla fm<lg mqgq 3
ne.ska fma<s 2ls'
tla fm<lg mqgq 2
ne.ska fma<s 3ls'
fujeks ms<fs h, lsÍïj, §" tla
fm<lg we;s mqgq .Kk fma<s
ixLHdfjka .=KlsÍfuka uq¿
mqgq ixLHdj jk 6 ,efí' tkï
6" ixLHd foll .-K= ;
s hla f,i
,súh yels wdldr lsym s hla we;s tla fm<lg mqgq 1
nj meyeÈ,s h' ne.ska fma<s 6ls'
6 = 1 « 6
6 = 2 « 3
6 = 3 « 2
6 = 6 « 1
137
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
iEu fma<shl u iudk mqgq .Kkla ,efnk fia mqgq 12la
ms<sfh, l< yels wdldr ish,a, i,luq' fuu tla tla ms<sfh,
lsÍïj, § tla fm<lg we;s mqgq .Kk" fma<s ixLHdfjka .=K
lsÍfuka" uq¿ mqgq .Kk jk 12 ,efí' tkï 12 ixLHd foll .=Ks;hla
f,i ,súh yels wdldr lsysmhla we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

12 = 1 « 12
12 = 2 « 6
12 = 3 « 4
12 = 4 « 3
12 = 6 « 2
12 = 12 « 1
fuf,i ´kE u mQ¾K ixLHdjla" mQ¾K ixLHd foll .=‚;hla f,i
,súh yels h'
lsishï mQ¾K ixLHdjla" mQ¾K ixLHd foll .=‚;hla f,i ,shQ úg"
tAjd tl tlla uq,a ixLHdfõ idOl f,i ye|skafõ'
6 = 1 « 6 neúka" 1 iy 6" 6ys idOl fõ'

6 = 2 « 3 neúka" 2 iy 3" 6ys idOl fõ'
6g wod< .=‚;hka i,ld neÆ úg" 6ys idOl 1" 2" 3 iy 6 fõ'
tf,i u" 12ys idOl 1" 2" 3" 4" 6 iy 12 fõ'
oeka" wms 16ys idOl fidhuq'
my; mßÈ 16" mQ¾K ixLHd foll .=‚;hla f,i ,súh yels wdldr
ish,a, i,ld n,uq'
16 = 1 « 16
16 =2 « 8
16 =4 « 4
16 =8 « 2
16 = 16 « 1
tA wkqj 16ys idOl 1" 2" 4" 8 iy 16 fõ'
by; 16g wod< .=‚;hka i,ld neÆ úg" 16ys idOl ,nd .ekSug my;
.=Ks;hka muKla ,sùu m%udKj;a nj fmfkhs'
16 = 1 « 16
16 = 2 « 8
16 = 4 « 4
138
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
20ys idOl fidhkak'
20 = 1 « 20
20 = 2 « 10
20 = 4 « 5

1" 2" 4" 5" 10 iy 20" 20ys idOl fõ'
igyk
●● 0 lsisÿ mQ¾K ixLHdjl idOlhla f,i fkd.efka'
11'1 wNHdih
(1) ysia;ekaj,g wod< mQ¾K ixLHd fhdoñka my; m%ldYk iïmQ¾K

lrkak'
(i) 4 = 1 « '''''''''' (ii) 7 = 1 « '''''
4 = 2 « ''''' 1 iy ''''' 7ys idOl fõ'
1" 2 iy ''''' 4ys idOl fõ'
(iii) 8 = 1 « '''''''''' (iv) 15 = 1 « '''''
8 = 2 « '''''''''' 15 = 3 « '''''
1" 2 iy '''' 8ys idOl fõ' 1" 3" ''''' iy ''''15ys idOl fõ'
(v) 24 = 1 « '''''
24 = 2 « '''''''''''
24 = 3 « '''''''''''
24 = 4 « '''''''''''
1" 2" '''''''''" '''''''''''" '''''''''" '''''''''" ''''''''' iy ''''' 24ys idOl fõ'
(vi) 18ys idOl ,shQ úg 1" 2" ''''''''''" 6" 9 iy 18 fõ'

(vii) 40ys idOl ,shQ úg 1" 2" '''''''" 5" '''''''''" 10" 20 iy ''''' fõ'
(2) my; oelafjk ixLHdj, idOl fidhkak'
(i) 5 (ii) 27 (iii) 17 (iv) 22 (v) 21

(vi) 31 (vii) 32 (viii) 45 (ix) 50 (x) 60
139
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
11'2 .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka idOl fiùu
oeka wms my; oelafjk 10 « 10 .=Kk j.=j Ndú;fhka" mQ¾K ixLHdjl

idOl ,nd .kakd wdldrh úuid n,uq'
« 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
20ys idOl lsysmhla fuu .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka ,nd .ksuq' tA i|yd 20"
.=‚;h f,i ,eî we;s wjia:d y÷kd .ksuq'
tA wkqj"
20 = 2 « 10
20 = 4 « 5
2" 4" 5 iy 10 hk ixLHd 20ys idOl y;rla fõ'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
by; .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka ,nd by; .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka ,nd
.; yels 72ys idOl fudkjd o? .; yels 18ys idOl fudkjd o?
72 } 8 « 9 18 = 3 « 6
8 iy 9 by; .=Kk j.=fjka ,nd 18 = 2 « 9
.; yels 72ys idOl folls' 2" 3" 6 iy 9 by; .=Kk
j.=fjka ,nd .; yels 18ys
idOl y;rls'
140
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
11'2 wNHdih
(1) 10 × 10 .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka ,nd .; yels" my; i|yka tla tla
ixLHdfõ idOl fudkjd o?
(i) 48 (ii) 81 (iii) 2 (iv) 28 (v) 40
(2) 36 mQ¾K ixLHd 2l .=‚;hla f,i ,súh yels wdldr ;=kla 10 × 10

.=Kk j.=j weiqfrka ,ndf.k" my; ysia;eka mqrjkak'
(i) 9 «''''''''' (ii) 4 « ''''''''' (iii) 6 « '''''''''
tu .=‚; weiqfrka ,nd.; yels 36ys idOl wdfrdayK ms<sfj<ska

,shkak'
(3) 10 × 10 .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka" 9 mQ¾K ixLHd foll .=‚;hla f,i
,súh yels wdldr ,ndf.k my; ysia;eka mqrjkak'
(i) '''''''' «'''''''' (ii) '''''''' «'''''''
(4) 10 × 10 .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka" 30 mQ¾K ixLHd foll .=‚;hla

f,i ,súh yels wdldr ,shkak' tuÕska ,efnk 30ys idOl ,shkak'
(5) 4" 9 ys idOlhla fõ o@ fya;=j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
11'3 fn§fï l%ufhka idOl fiùu
hï ixLHdjl idOlhlska" tu ixLHdj b;sß ke;s j fnfoa' my;

ksoiqka u.ska wms th ;yjqre lr .ksuq'
óg fmr 6ys idOl ,ndf.k we;' tA wkqj 6ys idOl 1" 2" 3 iy 6 fõ'
yh" tflka o foflka o ;=fkka o yfhka o b;sß ke;s j fnfoa'
6 ÷ 1 = 6 hs b;sß 0 hs' 6 ÷ 2 = 3 hs b;sß 0 hs'

6 ÷3 = 2 hs b;sß 0 hs' 6 ÷ 6 = 1 hs b;sß 0 hs'
141
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
6ys idOl fkdjk 4 iy 5 hk ixLHdj,ska 6 fnod n,uq'
1 1
4 6 5 6
4 5
1
6 ÷ 4 = 1 hs b;sß 2 hs' 6 ÷ 5 = 1 hs b;sß 1 hs'
fï wkqj 6ys idOl jk 1" 2" 3 iy 6 u.ska 6 b;sß ke;s j fnfoa' 6ys
idOl fkdjk 4 iy 5ka" 6 fn¥ úg ms<sfj<ska 2la iy 1la b;sß fõ'
hï mQ¾K ixLHdjla" mQ¾K ixLHdjlska b;sß ke;sj fnfoa

kï tu ixLHdj uq,a ixLHdfõ idOlhla f,i y÷kd.; yels h'
´kE u mQ¾K ixLHdjla tflka yd tu ixLHdfjka fnfok neúka" tl
iy tu ixLHdj" § we;s ixLHdfõ idOl fõ'
ksoiqk 1 30ys idOl 3la" fn§fï l%ufhka fidhkak'

15 10 6
2 30 3 30 5 30
2 30 30
10 0 0
10
0
30 hk ixLHdj 2" 3 iy 5 hk ixLHdj,ska b;sß ke;s j fnfoa'
tneúka 2" 3 iy 5" 30ys idOl ;=kls'
ksoiqk 2
9" 12 ys idOlhla fõ o? ms<s;=rg fya;= meyeÈ,s lrkak'
1
9" 12ys idOlhla fkdfõ' 9 12
12 ÷ 9 = 1 hs b;sß 3 hs' 9
3
12" 9ka b;sß ke;s j fkdfnfoa'
tu ksid 9" 12 ys idOlhla fkdfõ'
142
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
11'3 wNHdih
(1) fn§fï l%ufhka my; oelafjk ixLHdj, idOl ;=k ne.ska
fidhkak'
(i) 28 (ii) 32 (iii) 54 (iv) 90 (v) 21
(2) 6" 84ys idOlhla fõo@ fn§fï l%ufhka ms<s;=r myokak'
(3) 5" 48ys idOlhla fõ o@ fya;=j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
11'4 .=Kdldr
fol hk ixLHdj 1" 2" 3" 4 iy 5 hk mQ¾K ixLHdj,ska .=K lsÍfuka
,efnk ms<s;=re my; oelafõ'
2«1=2
2«2=4
2«3=6
2«4=8
2 « 5 = 10
fuf,i 2" mQ¾K ixLHdjlska .=K lsÍfuka 2ys .=Kdldrhla ,nd.;
yels h' tf,iskau 3" mQ¾K ixLHdjlska .=K lsÍfuka 3ys .=Kdldrhla
,nd.; yels h'
² 3" 6" 9" 12" 15" 18 ;=fkys .=Kdldr lsysmhla fõ'
² 5" 10" 15" 20 mfyys .=Kdldr lsysmhla fõ'
fuys § my; .=Kdx. ie,ls,a,g .kak'
² 2ys .=Kdldr ish,a, 2ka b;sß ke;s j fnfoa'
² 3ys .=Kdldr ish,a, 3ka b;sß ke;s j fnfoa'
fuhska meyeÈ,s jkafka hï mQ¾K ixLHdjl .=Kdldrhla tu ixLHdfjka
b;sß ke;s j fnfok njhs'
.=Kdldr ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid n,uq'
mQ¾K ixLHd foll .=‚;hla f,i ,súh yels ixLHd i,luq'
WodyrKhla f,i" 18 = 3 « 6 i,luq'
fuys §" 3" 6ka .=K lsÍfuka 18 ,eî we;' tkï" 18" 3ys .=Kdldrhla fõ'
tf,i u" 18 = 6 « 3 f,i o ,súh yels h' tkï" 6" 3ka .=K lsÍfuka 18
,eî we;' tkï 18" 6ys .=Kdldrhla fõ' fï wkqj 18" 3ys .=Kdldrhla
fukau 6ys o .=Kdldrhla fõ'
143
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
14, 2ys .=Kdldrhla oe hs 2ka 42, 3ys .=Kdldrhla oe hs 3ka
fn§fuka úuikak' fn§fuka úuikak'
7
14" 2ka b;sß ke;s j
14 42" 3ka b;sß ke;s j
2 14 3 42 fnfok neúka 42" 3ys
14 fnfok neúka 14" 2ys 3
0 .=Kdldrhls' 12 .=Kdldrhla fõ'
12
0
ls%hdldrlu 1
« 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(i) § we;s .=Kk j.=j msgm;a lr .kak'
(ii) tys we;s 2ys tla tla .=Kdldrh jgd rjqula w¢kak'
(iii) tys we;s 3ys .=Kdldr jk ixLHd jglr ;%sfldaKhla w¢kak'
(iv) rjqu iy ;%sfldaKh hk ixfla; fol u fh§ we;s ixLHd 5la
,shkak'
(v) 2ys iy 3ys .=Kdldrhla jk l=vd;u ixLHdj l=ula o@
(vi) rjqu iy ;%sfldaKh fh§ we;s ixLHd 6ys .=Kdldr nj Tng
fmfka' ta wkqj 6ys .=Kdldrhla wksjd¾hfhka u fjk;a ljr
ixLHd foll .=Kdldrhla jkafka o@
(vii) by; ks.ukh wkqj 15 hkq 15ys .=Kdldrhls' th fjk;a ljr
ixLHd foll .=Kdldrhla fõ o@
(viii) 45 hkq ljr ixLHdj, .=Kdldrhla jkafka o@
144
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
11'4 wNHdih
(1) 10g jvd úYd, 2ys .=Kdldr 5la ,shkak'

(2) 1;a 20;a w;r we;s 3ys .=Kdldr 4la ,shkak'
(3) 1;a 25;a w;r we;s 4ys .=Kdldr ish,a, ,shkak'
(4) my; oelafjk ixLHdj,ska ;=fkys .=Kdldr f;dard ,shkak'
26, 60, 115, 48, 29, 14, 27
(5) 1;a 100;a w;r"
(i) 9ys .=Kdldr lShla ;sfí o@
(ii) tAjd w;=ßka 9ys úYd,;u .=Kdldrh l=ula o@
(6) 18ys .=Kdldrhla jk ixLHd 3la ,shkak'
(7) 150g wvq 9ys úYd,;u .=Kdldrh l=ula o@

(8) my; i|yka tla tla ixLHdj i|yd .=Kdldr 5la ne.ska ,shkak'
(i) 4 (ii) 13 (iii) 15 (iv) 18 (v) 20
(9) ysia ;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(i) 10ys iEu .=Kdldrhla u wksjd¾hfhka u ''''''''' iy '''''''' ys
.=Kdldrhla fõ'
(ii) 11«7 = 77'

77 ixLHdj '''''''' ys .=Kdldrhls' 77 ixLHdj '''''' ys .=Kdldrhls'
(10) 3 iy 4 hk ixLHd foflys u .=Kdldrhla jk ixLHd folla
,shkak'
(11) 2" 3 iy 4 hk ixLHd ;=fkys u .=Kdldrhla jk ixLHdjla
,shkak'
145
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
²² idOl yd .=Kdldr wdY%s; .eg¨ úi`§u
oeka wms idOl yd .=Kdldr wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|uq'
ksoiqk 1
wem,a f.ä 30la tl u md¾i,hl fyda iEu md¾i,hlg u iudk
wem,a f.ä ixLHdjla ne.ska fyda ;sfnk fia md¾i,a l< hq;= j we;'
tf,i wem,a f.ä .Kk md¾i,a l< yels wdldr .Kk fidhkak'
tla tla wjia:dfõ md¾i,hl we;s wem,a f.ä .Kk yd md¾i,a
.Kk fidhkak'
md¾i,hl we;s wem,a f.ä ixLHdfõ;a Bg wod< md¾i,a ixLHdfõ;a
.=‚;fhka wem,a f.ä ixLHdj ,efí' tneúka md¾i,hl we;s wem,a
f.ä ixLHdj yd Bg wod< md¾i,a ixLHdj 30ys idOl hq., u.ska
oelaúh yels h'
30 = 1 « 30 30 = 6 « 5
30 = 2 « 15 30 = 10 « 3
30 = 3 « 10 30 = 15 « 2
30 = 5 « 6 30 = 30 « 1

tneúka wem,a f.ä 30 md¾i,a l< yels wdldr 8la fõ'

md¾i,hl wem,a f.ä 1la úg md¾i,a .Kk 30ls'
146
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
11'5 wNHdih
^1& ldnka mEkl ñ, re 12ls' tu j¾.fha mEka 8l ñ, lSh o@ th 8ys

yd 12ys .=Kdldrhla fõ o@
^2& ksjilg Èklg jrla c,h .e¨ï 75la mqrjk msrjqï hka;%hla we;'
fuu msrjqï hka;%h i;shla ;=< § mqrjk jdr .Kk yd tA i|yd
wjYH c, m%udKh fidhkak'
^3& rUqgka f.ähl ñ, re 6ls' <uhs mia fofkla f.ä 2, 3, 4, 5 iy 6
ne.ska ñ, § .;ay' tla tla <uhdg úhoï jQ uqo, fidhkak'
^4& W;aijhla i|yd iyNd.S jk isiqkag my; i|yka øjHhka tl
ne.ska wvx.= md¾i,hla ,nd §ug wjYH fõ' ta i|yd isiqka 50lg
jeh jk uqo, fidhkak'
md¾i,hl lsß melÜ tlla" ;,.=,s folla" ud¿ mdka tlla" flfi,a
f.ä ;==kla we;'
lsß melÜ tll ñ, re 30
;,.=,s tll ñ, re 5
ud¿ mdka tlla re 30
flfi,a f.ä tlla re 10
^5& isiqka 50 fokl= tla tla lKavdhfï iudk isiqka .Kkla isák fia
ldKav l< úg tla ldKavhl isáh yels isiqka ixLHdjg .; yels
w.hka fudkjd o@
11'5 NdcH;dj
mQ¾K ixLHdjla" ;j;a mQ¾K ixLHdjlska b;sß ke;sj fn§fï yelshdj
.ek NdcH;dj hgf;a wmg bf.k .; yels h'
tf,i mQ¾K ixLHd folla f.k" tlla wfklska fn¥ úg b;sßhla
fkdue;s kï m<uq ixLHdj fojekafkka fnfoa he hs lshkq ,efí'
WodyrKhla f,i 27, 3ka fn¥ úg b;sß fkdfõ' tu ksid 27, 3ka fnfoa
he hs lshkq ,efí'
147
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
²² ixLHdjla foflka fnfoa oe hs mÍlaId lsÍu
ls%hdldrlu 2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
²² by; ixLHdj,ska foflka fnfok tla tla ixLHdj jgd rjqula
ne.ska w¢kak'
²² tys §" foflka fnfok ixLHdj, tlia:dkfha we;s b,lalï ,shd
olajkak'
²² túg Tng 2" 4" 6" 8" 0 hk b,lalï ,efí' tu b,lalï o foflka
fnfok nj ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
²² foflka fkdfnfok ^rjqï fkdfh¥& ixLHdj, tlia:dkfha
b,lalu n,kak'
tu b,lalï 1, 3, 5, 7 iy 9 fõ' fuu ixLHd foflka fkdfnfoa'
fï wkqj ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka oelafjk ixLHd foflka
fnfoa kï" tu ixLHdj 2ka fnfoa' tfia u hï lsis ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha
b,lalu foflka fkdfnfoa kï" tu ixLHdj foflka fkdfnfoa'
²² ixLHdjla mfyka fnfoa oe hs mÍlaId lsÍu

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, ''' jeks mfyys .=Kdldr ish,a, mfyka b;sß
ke;s j fnfok nj ñka fmr bf.k .;af;uq'
fïjdfha tlia:dkfha we;s b,lalu foi n,kak'
fuu ixLHdj, tlia:dkfha b,lalu iEu úg u 0 fyda 5 fyda fõ'
fuf,i hï ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha b,lalu 0 fyda 5 fyda fõ kï"
tu ixLHdj mfyka b;sß ke;s j fnfoa'
²² ixLHdjla oyfhka fnfoa oe hs mÍlaId lsÍu

10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, ''' hk 10ys .=Kdldr 10ka b;sß
ke;s j fnfok nj óg fmr bf.k .;af;uq'
fïjdfha tlia:dkfha we;s b,lalu foi n,kak'
fuu ixLHdj, tlia:dkfha b,lalu iEu úg u 0 fõ'
148
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuf,i" hï ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha we;s b,lalu 0 fõ kï" tu
ixLHdj 10ka b;sß ke;s j fnfoa'
11'6 wNHdih
^1& my; oelafjk ixLHd w;=ßka foflka b;sß ke;s j fnfok ixLHd
f;dard ,shkak'
25, 33, 42, 57, 64, 69, 126, 135, 148, 250, 331, 1457, 3263, 4584, 2689, 3150,
^2& 128 hk b,lalï 4lska hq;a fuu ixLHdj 2ka b;sß ke;s j fnfoa
kï" ysia fldgqjg ;sìh yels b,lalï fudkjd o@
^3& fldgqfjys" § we;s ixLHd w;=ßka" bÈß fldgqj,g .e<fmk ixLHd
f;dard ,shkak' ^tlu ixLHdj fldgq lsysmhla fhÈh yels h&'
(i) 2ka b;sß ke;s j fnfok ixLHd
105" 212" 310"

256"
125" 375" 420" (ii) 5ka b;sß ke;s j fnfok ixLHd
860"
1236" 3245" 5180"
1800

(iii) 10ka b;sß ke;s j fnfok ixLHd
^4& (i) by; ^3& m%Yakfha ms<s;=frys fldgq ;=fka u fhfok ixLHd ;sfí
o@ ta fudkjd o@
(ii) ;=kajk fldgqfõ we;s ixLHd ish,a, u wksjd¾hfhka u m<uq yd
fojk fldgqj, we;=<;a j ;sfí o@
(iii) m<uq yd fojk fldgq fofla u fh§ we;s ixLHd fudkjd o@ tu
ixLHd ;=kajk fldgqfõ ;sfí oehs ksÍlaIKh lr ta wkqj Tng
t,ôh yels ks.ukh ,shkak'
149
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^5& foflka fnfok ixLHd wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g i,lñka Bg wod< ;s;a
hd lrkak' bka miq Tn hd l< l=vd;u yd úYd,;u ixLHdj,g
wod< ;s;a tlsfkl hd lrkak'
3 4 9 23 25 6 37
2 16 21 51 1 10 8
5 43 19 27 31 19 41
31 53 37 29 25 41 23
11 14 17 39 33 12 43
^6& mfyka fnfok ixLHd wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g i,lñka Bg wod< ;s;a

9 27 18 42 15 16 84 1 4
3 12 20 35 36 42 48 54 65
6 10 72 56 32 24 40 63 72
5 8 14 16 18 22 26 37 75 53
13 155 105 89
7 14 28 120 110 77 46 41 33 90
21 81 135 26 39 52 22
150
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^7& oyfhka fnfok ixLHd wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g i,lñka Bg wod< ;s;a
3 6 50 69 9 12 21 18
7 14 75 77 28 42
5 15 92 25 35
10 20 74 70 80
6 12 18 24 36
45 120 90 55
ñY% wNHdih
^1& 7 hk ixLHdj 45ys idOlhla fkdjk njg fya;= olajkak'
^2& ixLHdjlg tu ixLHdj yereKq fldg we;af;a 1, 2, 3, 4 iy 6 hk
idOl mu‚' tu ixLHdj l=ula o@
^3& fmÜáhl we;s ùÿre fnda, ixLHdj 6ys .=Kdldrhls' tu ixLHdj
wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 40 fõ' fmÜáfha we;s ùÿre
fnda, ixLHdj i|yd ;sìh yels w.hka fol ,shkak'
^4& ìialÜ melÜgqjl we;s ìialÜ .Kk 20g wvq y;f¾ .=Kdldrhls'
tys we;s ìialÜ ixLHdj wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jgehQ úg 20
fõ' melÜgqfõ we;s ìialÜ .Kk lSh o@
idrdxYh
² hï mQ¾K ixLHdjl idOlhlska tu ixLHdj b;sß ke;s j fnfoa'
² mQ¾K ixLHdjla mQ¾K ixLHdjlska .=K l< úg tu ixLHdfjys
.=Kdldrhla ,nd .; yels h'
² mQ¾K ixLHdjl w. b,lalu 2ka fnfoa kï tu ixLHdj 2ka fnfoa'
² 5ka fnfok ixLHdj, tlia:dkfha b,lalu 0 fyda 5 fyda fõ'
² 10ka fnfok ixLHdj, tlia:dkfha b,lalu 0 fõ'
151
mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj
wvq lsÍu Subtraction fopj;jy;
wjfrdayK mámdáh Descending order ,wq;F tupir
wdfrdayK mámdáh Ascending order VWtupir
wdia;rh Lamina Ahº
b,lalï Digits vz;fs;
RcqfldaKh Right angle nrq; Nfhzk;

RK ixLHd Negative Numbers kiw vz;fs;
tlia:dkh Ones place JßÔß Ch®

tl;= lsÍu Addition $l;ly;
tall Nd.h Unit fraction myFg; gpd;dk;
ldKavh Group $l;lk;

ld, Quarter fhy;
fldaKh Angle Nfhzk;
.‚; l¾u Mathematical operations fzpjr; nra;iffs;

.s‚h yels Countable vz;z KbAkhd
.=K lsÍu Multiplication ngUf;fy;
.=Kk j.=j Multiplication table ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz
.=Kdldr Multiples klq;Ffs;
.=Ks;h Product ngUf;fk;
;sri Horizontal fpil

f;aÍu Selecting njupjy;
oiia:dkh Tens place £zvß Ch®

oi oyia:dkh Ten thousands place £zuõ°µzvß Ch®
oyi Thousand Mapuk;
oyia:dkh Thousands place B°µzvß Ch®
ÈYdj Direction jpir
ksÅ, Integers epiwntz;fs;

152
ksudkh Estimation kjpg;gply;
kshu Nd.h ^;;H& Proper Fraction Kiwikg; gpd;dk;
mrdj¾; fldaKh Reflex angle gpd;tis Nfhzk;

mQ¾K ixLHd Whole numbers KO vz;fs;
nd.h Half miu

ndyqj Arm Gak;
ì,shkh Billion gpy;ypad;
fn§u Division tFj;jy;
Nd.h Fraction gpd;dk;

NdcH;dj Divisibility tFgLjd;ik
uyd fldaKh Obtuse angle tpupNfhzk;

ñ,shk l,dmh Millions period kpy;ypad; tyak;
ñ,shkh Million kpy;ypad;
,íêh Quotient <T

,jh Numerator njhFjp vz;
jgehSu Rounding off kl;lewjl;ly;

jD;a;h Circle tl;lk;
YS¾Ih Vertex cr;rp

fYaIh Remainder kpFjp
ixLHd f¾Ldj Number line vz; NfhL

ir, fldaKh Straight angle Neu; Nfhzk;
idOl factors fhuzpfs;
ishia:dkh Hundreds place ¡Ôß Ch®
isri Vertical epiyf;Fj;J
iq¿ fldaKh Acute angle $u;q; Nfhzk;
ia:dkSh w.h Place Value ,lg; ngWkhdk;
yrh Denominator gFjp vz;
153
mdvï wkql%uh
wka;¾.;h ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu
1 jdrh
1' jD;a; 03 24'1
2' ia:dkSh w.h 06 1'1
3' mQ¾K ixLHd u; .Ks; l¾u 10 1'4" 1'5
4' ld,h 06 12'1" 12'2
5' ixLHd f¾Ldj 11 1'2" 1'3
6' ksudkh iy jgehSu 08 1'8" 1'9
7' fldaK 04 21'1
8' ÈYd 05 13'1
53
2 jdrh
9' Nd. 12 3'1" 3'2" 3'3" 3'4
10' f;aÍu 04 30'1
11' idOl yd .=Kdldr 09 1'6" 1'7
12' ir, f¾Çh ;,rEm 04 23'1
13' oYu 06 3'5" 3'6
14 ixLHd j¾. iy ixLHd rgd 10 2'1" 2'2
15' È. 08 7'1" 7'2
16' øj ñkqï 04 11'1
17' >k jia;= 08 22'1
65
3 jdrh
18' ùÔh ixfla; 04 14'1
19' ùÔh m%ldYk f.dvke.Su yd 04 14'2
wdfoaYh
20' ialkaOh 05 9'1
21' wkqmd; 06 4'1
22 o;a; /ialsÍu yd ksrEmKh 06 28'1
23' o;a; w¾:l:kh 05 29'1
24' o¾Yl 04 6'1
25' j¾.M,h 05 8'1
39
tl;=j 157
154

6 Fya%Ksh: I Fldgi

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

6 Fya%Ksh: I Fldgi

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

.

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs'

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

Y%S ,xld ud;d

tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda

ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS

tA' Ô' wkqr

.Ks; ixl,am yeoEÍfï uQ,sl wä;d,u úêu;a j f.dvke.Sfï wjYH;dj fuu

.Ks; ixl,am wjfndaO lr .ekSfï § iEu orejl= u tlu olaI;djla fmkakqï

lemùfuka .‚;h úIhh bf.k f.k ;¾ldkql+, Ñka;khlska fyì nqoaêu;a

mqkÍlaIK wNHdih 106

fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"

1'1 jD;a;dldr yevh we;s oE y÷kd .ekSu

Tn okakd úúO yev w;=ßka" tla yevhla jk jD;a;dldr

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 1

jD;a;dldr yevh iys; øjH lsysmhla Ndú;fhka" jD;a;dldr yevh w¢k

mshjr 1 - remsh,a fofla ldishla" fldamm

mshjr 5 - fjk;a keuqï f¾Ldjlaa Tiafia" fmr mßoafoka u jD;a;dldr

jD;a;dldr wdia;rhla" iudk fldgia follg fnfok keuqï f¾Ld

mshjr 1 - ldishla Ndú; lrñka wNHdi fmdf;a jD;a;hla w¢kak'

by; l%shdldrlfï ksr; jQ Tng ,enqKq rEmh" fuu

fuf,i Tng jD;a;h we;=<;" jD;a;h u; yd jD;a;fhka msg; msysàï

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(v) (vi) (vii)

(ii) (iii) (iv)

(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

(3) jD;a;dldr yevh we;s øjH lsysmhla imhd f.k" m%udKfhka

(4) fuys oelafjk rEmfhys" ● K

(5) mqjrejlg bÈßfhka jQ ia:dkhl isg tu mqjrejg B;, t,a, lsÍfï

1'3 jD;a; fudaia;r we£u

2'1 ia:dkSh w.h

oyfha tajd 3 hs' tfla tajd 5 hs'

;sia mfyys" oyfha tajd 3 ksrEmKh lsÍug tlia:dkhg jï miska jQ

35 = 10 tAjd 3 + 1 tAjd 5 nj wms bf.k .;af;uq'

tkï" ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkh wkqj tu b,lalfuka

oeka wms 35ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h fidhuq'

(1) my; olajd we;s j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha

2'2 ia:dkSh w.h ;jÿrg;a

ishh b,lalfuka ,sùu i|yd tlia:dkh iy oiia:dkh m%udKj;a

ixLHdj 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

ia:dk ;=kl" b,lalï fhdoñka ,shk ixLHd ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid

2" 4 iy 5 hk b,lalï ;=k f.k ;eksh yels ixLHd lsysmhla my;

fï wkqj" by; ixLHdj, 5 msysá ia:dkh wkqj" 5ka ksrEms; w.h

ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h

fï wkqj ixLHdjl tl <Õ we;s b,lalï foll jïmi we;s b,lalu

67524 .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh lruq'

10000 tAjd 1000 tAjd 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

67524 = 10000 tAjd 6 + 1000 tAjd 7 + 100 tAjd 5 + 10 tAjd 2 + 1 tAjd 4

mdi,a lsysmhl 6 isg 11 fY%a‚h olajd bf.kqu ,nk uq¿

by; olajd we;s m%ldYfha isiqka ixLHdj" Tng lshúh yels oe hs

2 836 696 fuu ixLHdj lshjkafka foñ,shk wgish

oeka wms 967476568 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh úuid n,uq'

967 476 568 fuu ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka kjish

7 686 975 623

ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

ñ,shk l,dmhg miqj tk l,dmh ì,shk l,dmh f,i kï lrkq

675278285676 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh ,nd .ekSug o my; whqßka

ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

l,dmh ixLHdj lshjk $ wl=ßka ,shk

2 000 375 2 000 375 foñ,shk ;=kaish ye;a;E my

43 001 000 43 001 000 y;,sia ;=ka ñ,shk tla oyi