UTS REVIEWER

Filipino Citizens

• Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution

• Those whose fathers/mothers are citizens of the Philippines

• Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers who elect Philippine citizenship
upon reaching the age of majority

• Those who are naturalized in accordance with law (Art IV, sec 1 of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution)

Jus Soli – citizenship is acquired by birth within the territory of the state.

Jus Sanguinis – citizenship is acquired by the nationality of one or both parents.

Man - is by nature a political animal – Aristotle

- is naturally drawn to various political engagements in order to satisfy his social needs.

Patriotism – Love for a nation

Nationalism – Importance to unity

Self-presentation – is the process of controlling how one is perceived by other people.

- The key to relationship inception and development.

Personal Identity – is the interpersonal level of self which differentiates the individual as unique

from others.

Social identity – is the level of self whereby the individual is identified by his/ her group
membership.

Oversharing – people become unaware of the extent of information they share online.

Dis-inhibition effect – the lack of face-to-face meeting, together with feelings of anonymity and
invisibility gives people the freedom for self-disclosure.

Metacognition – thinking about one’s thinking. It refers to the processes used to plan, monitor,
and assess one’s understanding and performance. Enhance our learnings.

Learning – a process that leads to change, which occurs as a result of experience and increases
the potential for improved performance and future learning.
Metacognitive Knowledge – The learner’s knowledge of their own cognitive abilities

Metacognitive Regulation – It refers to what learners do about learning.

- It describes how learners monitor and control their cognitive processes

Cycle of Self-regulated Learning

- Plan & Set Goals

- Use strategies and monitor performance

- Reflect and Adapt

PHASES OF SELF-REGULATION

I. Forethought and Planning Phase – Analyze

II. Performance Monitoring Phase – Monitor

III. Reflection on Performance Phase – Evaluate

SOME METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES

Summon your prior knowledge

Ask yourself questions

Use writing

Organize your thoughts

Take notes from memory

Review your exams

Test yourself

Goals – form of self-regulation adopted by humans to achieve specific aims.

Albert Bandura – Social Learning Theory, Bobo Doll experiments. “Individuals can learn
behavior through observations.”

Social Learning Theory – social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of
others.

Social Cognitive Theory – emphasizes the critical role of self-beliefs in human cognition.

- The three concepts are Observation, Modeling, Motivation

Self-Efficacy Theory – a personal judgment of how well one can execute courses of action
required.

- refers to an individual’s belief in his/her capacity to execute behaviors. Determinants of

how people think, behave, and feel.

Efficacy Expectation – person’s conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior
required to produce certain outcomes.

Outcome Expectancies – anticipated consequences as a result of engaging in a

behavior/personal beliefs.

Carol Susan Dweck – is known for her work on mindset.

Mindset Theory – proposes that people hold different beliefs about whether people can or
cannot change basic psychological attributes.

TWO MINDSETS

Fixed Mindsets – people believe their basic qualities are simply fixed traits. Talent alone creates
success without effort.

Growth Mindset – people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through
dedication and hard-work

Edwin A. Locke – pioneer in goal-setting theory

Goal-Setting Theory – based on the idea that setting specific and measurable goals is more
effective than unclear goals.

SMART – Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-Bound