Government College University Lahore

Submitted to: Engr. Shan ur Rehman

Group members :

Areeba Nasir (14-BSEE -19)

Raees Ahmad (27-BSEE-19)

Syed Saqlain (48-BSEE-19)

Abdullah khan (39-BSEE-19)

Session: 2019-2023

Semester: 5th
“ PROJECT REPORT “

Department of Electrical Engineering

 EXPERIMENT

(a) To operate 3phase induction motor in forward/reverse using separate starter.

(b) Determine exact equivalent circuit of 3phase induction motor in (a).

OBJECTIVE:

Our primary objective is to operate a 3phase induction motor in two different dimensions

I. Forward rotation
II. Reverse rotation

By using external circuit called starter.

APPARATUS:

1. 3phase induction motor. (0.25hp, 1400rpm)

2. Two magnetic contactors.
3. 3phase circuit breaker (10A)
4. Remote (work as switch)
5. wires

THEORY:

INDUCTION MOTOR:

A 3phase induction motor is a rotating electrical machine which converts 3phase electrical
energy into mechanical energy.

A 3phase induction motor has two main parts.

1. Stator
2. Rotor
Stator:

 The stator consists of a steel frame that encloses a hollow, cylindrical core made up of
thin laminations of silicon steel to reduce losses. A number of evenly spaced slots are
provided on the inner periphery of the laminations. 
 The insulated conductors are connected to form a balanced 3-phase star or delta
connected circuit. Outer frame and stator of three-phase induction motor. The 3-phase
stator winding is wound for a definite number of poles as per the requirement of speed.
Greater the number of poles, lesser is the speed of the motor and vice-versa.
 When 3-phase supply is given to the stator winding, a rotating magnetic field of
constant magnitude is produced. This rotating field induces currents in the rotor by
electromagnetic induction.

Rotor:

Rotor as the name suggests it is a rotating part of an electrical machine, in which current is
induced by transformer action from rotating magnetic field.

Induction motor rotor is of two types:

i. Squirrel Cage Rotor

ii. Wound Type Rotor or Slip Ring Type Rotor

Working principle:

When three-phase stator winding of an induction motor is energized from a 3 phase supply,
a rotating magnetic field is set up which rotates around the stator at synchronous speed (Ns).

Synchronous Speed, Ns = 120 f/P .Where, f = frequency, P = Number of Poles

This rotating field passes through the air gap and cuts the rotor conductors, which are stationary.
An EMF gets induced in every rotor conductor due to the relative speed between the rotating
magnetic flux and the stationary rotor. Since the rotor circuit is short-circuited, currents start
flowing in the rotor conductors.

The current-carrying rotor conductors are placed in the magnetic field produced by the stator.
Consequently, a mechanical force acts on the rotor conductors. The sum of the mechanical
forces on all the rotor conductors produces a torque which tends to move the rotor in the same
direction as the rotating field.

Equivalent circuit of 3phase induction motor:

This is the transformer model of an induction motor with stator and rotor connected by an ideal
transformer of turn ratio.

Torque in induction motor:

The torque induce in induction motor is given by;

P AG
τ ind =
ωsyn

I 22
Where; P AG=3 ×( × R2) and s is slip.
s
By separating the rotor copper losses and the power converted in induction motor, we get
equivalent circuit.

Forward reverse connections:

Introduction:

We use a separate starter connection with 3phase induction motor to control its rotation either
clockwise or anticlockwise.

Explanation:

A three phase induction motor is used with specifications of 0.25Hp and 1400rpms. The internal
windings of induction motor is keep in star connection because no load is attach to motor, we
just want to observe the rotation of motion.

A 10A three phase circuit breaker is used in order to provide some protection to our circuit.
When the current limit is exceed from 10A circuit breaker turns off and our circuit is protected
by this action.

Two magnetic contactors is used for separate starter connection. One is used for forward rotation
of three phase induction motor and other is used for reverse rotation.

A remote is used as a switch which has three options. Forward rotation, reverse rotation and
stop.

Diagram:
 Internal structure diagram.

Working:

When MCCB or circuit breaker is on power is supplied to the magnetic contactors. The
magnetic contactor 1 is operate as a forward contactor and magnetic contactor 2 is operate as a
reverse contactor. When we want to operate induction motor in forward connection, the forward
contactor will closed and the reverse contactor is open, that’s how motor start operate in forward
rotation. If we want to operate induction motor in reverse connection, the forward contactor will
open and the reverse contactor is closed, that’s how motor start operate in reverse rotation.

Our work:

Procedure:

 Provide the 3phase power supply to the circuit breaker and turn ON the breaker.
 We have a separated neutral wire for the circuit, so provide external neutral as well for
holding the magnetic contactors.
 Now turn on the button for forward rotation, one you on it, the forward magnetic
contactor is closed and start working, which tend the motor to move in forward direction.
 Verify the forward direction of motor.
 Now press the stop button, then reverse button.
 One the reverse button is on, the reverse magnetic contactor turn closed and forward
remains open. In this way motor start working in reverse direction.
 Verify the reverse direction of motor.

Table for forward:

Sr no 3phase V Current (I) frequency Speed rpm

1
2
3

Table for reverse:

 Sr no 3phase V Current (I) frequency Speed rpm
1
2
3

Conclusion:

By doing so, we are able to operate a 3phase induction motor in forward direction as well as
reverse direction by separate starter connection which consists of two magnetic contactors and a
remote (switch).

GRAPH :

Questions:

Q1: What do you observe from the graph drawn?

Answer :

Q2 :What will happen if supply a 3phase with circuit breaker?

Answer:

If we don’t use a 3phase circuit breaker our circuit is still works but in case when high amount
of current passes through the circuit it will damage the induction motor windings as well as our
magnetic contactors.

Q3 :How magnetic contactors will control the rotation of motion?

Answer:
When two phases will interchange it will affect the motion of motor either in clockwise or
anticlockwise. We use two magnetic contactors and provide a phase change to both of them.
That’s how one will operate as a forward and other will operate as a reverse.