03-12-2021

03-DECEMBER-2021

The Hindu News Analysis – 3rd December 2021 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 ‘Make public spaces inclusive for queer people’ 4 - - - -

2 Breathing fresh air into the NCR’s pollution control (Editorial) 8 8 6 8 6

3 Paika rebellion to be in history textbooks 10 10 8 10 8

4 Should the state stop focusing on population control? (OPED) 9 9 7 9 7

5 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
6 Mains Practice Questions
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram
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Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international
importance.
 Indian Polity and Governance - Constitution, Political
System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues,
etc.
 Economic and Social Development - Sustainable
Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics,
Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-II
General Studies-I : Indian Heritage and Culture,
History and Geography of the World and Society.
 Role of women and women’s organization, population
Pg: 4 – Chennai and associated issues, poverty and developmental
edition issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

Sexual orientation Sex and Gender

• Romantic, emotional, and/or sexual attraction • Sex - genetic and physical body
to others. characteristics people are born with -
labelled male or female.
• Includes, but not limited to, heterosexual,
lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual etc.  Some born with an intersex variation.

 Intersex - people born with reproductive

or sexual anatomy not fitting the typical
definitions of male or female.

• Gender - social and cultural expression of

sex.

 Different from sex.

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Gender identity

• Inner sense of oneself as man, woman, masculine,

feminine, neither, both etc.

• Not related to sexual orientation.

• Includes, but not limited to, Cisgender,

Transgender, Non-binary, etc.

Sexual orientation Gender identity

Heterosexual - individuals sexually and/or

romantically attracted to the opposite gender. Cisgender - people whose gender corresponds to the
sex they were assigned at birth.
Lesbian - individual who identifies as a woman and
sexually and/or romantically attracted to people who
identify as women.
Gay - individual who identifies as a man and sexually
Transgender - persons whose reported gender does
and/or romantically attracted to people who identify
not correspond to their reported sex at birth.
as man.

Bisexual - individuals attracted to multiple

sexes/genders. Non-binary gender - does not conform to traditional
gender norms - expressed as other than woman or
Asexual - little to no sexual attraction, either within man (agender, pangender, genderqueer, genderfluid,
or outside relationships. or gender-nonconforming)

Etc. Etc.
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LGBTIQ+ - Sexual orientations and gender identities combined under the term.

Queer
Heteronormativity
• Includes a range of sexual orientations and
• Presumption & privileging of heterosexuality.
gender identities.
• Assumes other sexualities or gender
• Umbrella term to describe the LGBTIQ+
identities are unnatural and threat to
identities.
society.
• Encapsulates political ideas of resistance to
Homonormativity
heteronormativity and homonormativity.
• Privileging of certain people or
relationships within the queer community.

• Belief that sexual minorities can and should

conform to heteronormative institutions and
customs - to achieve greater acceptance
into dominant society.
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Challenges  India:

• Heteronormativity and homonormativity.  2018 - decriminalised Section 377, IPC - upheld

• Homophobia, biphobia and transphobia - the fundamental rights under Articles 14, 15 and

negative beliefs, prejudices and 21 of Indian Constitution.

stereotypes about queer people.

 Cause - Heterosexism.

 Leads to violence, harassment and

discrimination against queer people.

 Some countries criminalise

homosexuality and queer people.

Suggestions
• Social ostracization.
• Changing public attitude about queer people -
• Homelessness. avoid stigmatizing language.

• Issue in accessing public spaces: • Educate the public.

 Public spaces mostly designed with • Prioritize designing and transforming public
heteronormative approach. spaces inclusive and safe for queer people.

 Ex: public toilets.  Build gender-neutral toilets or de-gender the

toilets in public places.
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Pg: 8 – C, B, H; Pg: 6 – T, D;

Similarities in the control measures of Delhi and Beijing

Part A—Preliminary Examination • End of pipe-air pollution

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Measures targeting the primary air pollutants like SO2, NO2,
 General issues on Environmental
PM10 and CO.
ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate
Change - that do not require subject
• Measures targeting the secondary air pollutants like PM2.5
specialization.
which causes smog.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology,
Economic Development, Bio diversity,
Environment, Security and Disaster
Management.
 Conservation, environmental pollution
and degradation, environmental impact
assessment.
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Differences that made Beijing stand better

• Beijing has strong monitoring capacity -

integrated network combining high-resolution
satellite remote sensing and laser radar

• The Smart cities that provide more space for

public transport.

• The spatial planning of land use reduces the

time and distance of travel.

• Increasing the use of electric vehicles.

 Providing more number of charging points

• Increasing the efficiency in regulating the NGT

emission of air pollution • NGT - established under the National Green

• Set of measures Tribunal Act 2010.

 Evaluations and reviewing the air quality • NGT handles all civil cases relating to
management system environmental issues.

 Quantitative assessments of the pollution • Guided by the principles of natural justice.

reduction • Decision - binding and it can be reviewed
 Analysing new challenges, by itself.

 Building public support. • Final decision can be challenged before the

Supreme court.
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Composition of NGT

• The Tribunal has

Functions of NGT
 A Chairperson
• Cases relating to environmental
protection and conservation of forests  10-20 judicial members
and other natural resources.
 10-20 expert members
• Enforces any legal right relating to
Statutes covered under the NGT Act
environment.

• Power to give relief in the form of

compensation for affected persons.

Pg: 10 – C, B, H; Pg: 8 – T, D;
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News

• 1817 Paika rebellion of Odisha is to be included as

a case study in the Class 8 of NCERT history • 1803 - Britishers occupied Odisha
textbook.
 Started to bring in new land revenue

Paikas settlements.

• Foot soldiers’ - class of military retainers. • Gajapati King of Odisha was Mukunda
Deva-ll.
• Recruited by the kings in Odisha since the 16th
century. • Initial resistance carried out by Jai
Rajguru.
• Rendered martial services in return for hereditary
rent-free land (Nish-kar jagirs) and titles.

 Military service to the king during times of war,

while taking up cultivation during times of peace.

• 1817 - Paikas under Baxi Jagabandhu, rose in

rebellion against the British.
• Suppressed this event with many killed,
 Support from the tribals and other sections imprisoned and tortured.
of society.
• Leader Baxi Jagabandhu - Arrested in 1825
 Support of the rajas of Kanika, Kujang, and he died in captivity in 1829.
Nayagarh and Ghumusar as well as
• Paika Bidroha - Cult status in Odisha with
zamindars, village heads and ordinary
stories of the brave fight against the British.
peasants.
• Paika Memorial - Barunei Hill in Odisha's
• Rebellion - Paikas attacked British symbols of
Khurda district.
power and they set ablaze police stations,
administrative offices and the treasury.

• End - British defeat them within three months.

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Pg: 9 – C, B, H;
Pg: 7 – T, D;

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.
 Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy,
Rights Issues, etc.
 Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion,
Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International
relations
 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising
out of their design and implementation.
 Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications,
models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability
and institutional and other measures.
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Total Fertility Rate

• Number of children a woman would have in

Major Reasons
the course of her life.
• Unmet need for family planning
• Average number of children that would be
 NFHS-4 : women, on average, wanted 1.8
born to a woman if she experiences the
children.
current fertility pattern throughout her
reproductive span • Education - Women with better education have
fewer children.
• Indicator shows the potential for population
change in a country. • Population policy - Fertility control, mortality
and migration
• NFHS-5, this TFR is said to be 2.

 Decrease from the 2.2 rate in NFHS-4.

Population control law or drastic measures Population policy - Way Ahead

• Need - Move away from such coercive • Younger girls have least access to family
population control measures. planning services - High teenage pregnancies

Reasons  Efforts to increase the age of marriage and

• Population control can be achieved even in promote women education

the absence of strict or coercive population • Family planning

control measures.
 India - National Programme for Family
 Ex: Kerala and Tamil Nadu have achieved Planning in 1952
a TFR of 2.
 Present - Only sterilisation and they hardly
• India - Presence of internal migration promote any other methods

 Ex: Migrants from Bihar and U.P. are  Need - More innovations in family planning
already moving to the southern parts programmes
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• Need for a behavioural change

 Sex education should be promoted.

 Awareness - Overuse of female Conclusion

sterilization. • India - Growing because of its young

 Educating women who do not want their population.

husbands to be sterilised. • Young populations need access to

• Notion - Strong preference for sons than contraception, more than family planning.

daughters should be changed.

• Better budget allocation and Careful spending

of the allocated funds.

. Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements with
reference to the National Green tribunal
(NGT) :
1. NGT’s decision is final and there is no
provision for appeal in the Supreme
Court.
2. NGT is a constitutional body.
3. The decisions of NGT are not binding.
Which of the statements given above is/are
incorrect?
a) 3 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) All the above
 03-12-2021

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. In the context of the Paik Rebellion, Consider the
following statements :
1. Paiks were a class of cavalry soldiers recruited
by the kings of Odisha since the 16th century.
Practice Question – Prelims
2. Paiks rendered military service to the king
during times of war and took up cultivation Answers
during times of peace.
Q1. Option (d) – All the above
3. The Paiks under Mukunda Deva-Il rose in
rebellion against the British in March 1817. Q2. Option (c) – 1 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/are
incorrect?
a) 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3

. Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. Elaborate the measures to be taken to
Practice Question – Mains
control urban air pollution.
GS – II
(150 Words, 10 Marks)
Q. Do you think Population control is another
area of Challenge lying in front of India. If
Practice Question – Mains so, suggest Measures to convert Family
GS – I planning into family welfare.
(250 Words, 15 Marks)
Q. Discuss the challenges faced by people
having different sexual orientations and
gender identities. Also, critically comment
on India’s position on their rights.
(250 words, 15 marks)