Stafis1cs Gnd Reliabt li ly

Module V
hme a r Ornd vartamle
Umbtaed 2stt malors af
amcl va7iante nterval eslimolu
Tests for meaN

variante - Releabtu ly off Series and

O e an amd

yslems f a i l u e Ltmu des ub ulcsos

Paralle ti reltabiltt
mocceLs
Cweibull
kXpmen Lial ame

and ife Les Lung

Esfimam
cmstslcng of the valuus of
populalo
Cmside ral wm
ramdom ariables X s CLnde
diclrbulcsm
Supposethal the or m of
knocon Bcut probabiLity Compulalcros Cvol veng

oe knoto he valu
Cam be dsme only f
ff Lhe olt'sli bulco
(eg:M)
of paramije>

defer munt ng valws fna

The pros8S of
pararmele rs bf a populac6n is knD Om

2 sti maluo

Potmt estimaloo C6mceDns th ehoO S1mg Of

statstic . a Stmgle hummbe 3 calcalabol

Samplu dala foY Cohich Cue have

S6me expe Ctalcon OT assuTa nte that

Teasonably close to tha paramater

Supposed loestumalo .
 Ter Prob lom eCevnnu nning Th valw of a
folimalcrm of
para me u of a g1ven populalum
e r l at n

amd6m Sa mple
C m s r d u r
a
S p po ge
amd
laCen fm a populalcso
to
S7e Kn s
a uncltoo fC,
that
the u n c/sm
estemau 8 Then
oblaun esttma l0
potnt
is calLo d a
Xn
RA Lh
alus of fcx, %.
ama
CalLed a
CalLed ann
07 sttnalov
ip
Sample
selectecl
maLng
Lo a

Covcs p
esttma

variom u
Omd
Exomple mewM
with
Cmatder a populofco StZR
andom
Scnple f
ComstaAY

amd
tha p0pulals

akan

me
ulaltn

fo pop
(b Esttmalors
CK,t Xa
0 Sanmple SCmplL
the
meaN

bHameneC

C)Median
 variamo
u E s t k ' m a l o r s

popcelalLom
a The sample vartam Ce
h-
bThe fumclm CXn-x)
C-R+ (x-X)+ +

Un bcased eslimaloy
Ce'mbtased
esimalto
A stalrstec is Sard to he a
A meoN
p a r anme t 7 fOm
ony f the
a
fh eslimalor
Of the
Samplcn dle'stotbCLTLom of
. tC© ) =6
equals
equals
o n a l e ve -Lhe value2
o
of

Lnbi'asecd En h
tA stattsttc
S a i c to be
Cotll equual he para me le
its valces
avera
Lo es Eumalh

Cenbiase c
me an is Om
The Saump
oan amol the
esti ma[o7
of opulaTLui

Lnbiase d
estmalor

Sarmp varcanC-
varCam e
Pop ulattso
be fhe Vartant
P et be th and

Xn be
Popu l a l doo Lt
nlakan
from tha populal csm
fa rmpLe Of S2

andao variables 2ach

Then X Xa
are

proba bt Li y drstrtb elco as

avtng the Sarme

populalto fenta
Tha pobabi li ly du's lstb uluin of-
tath vaY tOYmCe
of ih Xi's has moorM
CYmd
 Sanmple meo

. +Xn

+ EC)+ -

ECx,)

nttmy

am umbtaie d estt mo loy Of M

-7)
Samp variom ce

Ece)t (x-x)

= EC - ' ]
Now
R) - Kt ) -(3-rO]
2
-H)-a:-N)CX-N)+ (R-M)
Y

(X-) -2-N) :-N) +m-M)

2 ( x ) 2x-N) ( n - n p ) + n C X - )

2
X - ) n - N )

E C ; - ) =E ECX:-N - C(x-ND
2

V:)7VCX)
n
 n-1

-1
n-

is Om CAnbiaged osltmalo of

Cq for
unbastd esttmal
md aretwo
m o r e e T C e n t

is Said 6 be
para meter 6 ,
d i slrbulin
nu of th Samplung
hov tte
Tha sampl'ng
than the vartantu of
of
deslribeuloo f
Populal coijh
a o r mal
xOTple Csmsude7

V a r i a m ce anc tmstole v
meov Omad
the pop ulalts
Sampl of St2e akan
amd he
at be tha Sample
both 0nd 0, are

Sample meai am
varioma
OP

unbiase @slemolor s

and ho
Sarmpltn g che's b e f u n of
disibufuo o
VarcanR fthe fomplng
Vee, Vce,) 1
LS
5 168 Sun
 1S more ecieo tho
Sanmpl me aD

Sarmple medi om

Cmsisle ncy
De n ut be
m estimalo
paramaloy
SU 2e n
base.c a reemclom sampl
We Csnstsunt eslmatoy
Say that
co thave
f fo ang

Pl10,-el <e]-s
omal,
e Samp
the popuulal
mea is C C6ns1'sLe n estunalor of (Fe

poplalIcio
Ex amples
th valu of a romd oo
Supos Cwe obtervre
dt's b u l c o n
v a rt a bb hav mng a bmomi al
Ornd Ckno On) .let x
Cwh paTamme u Ys
P
obcervcol val ue Ofho
be Yamdamly
variable
Anbiased e ol tnalo07
Ci Shoo that
unbiale
Cu Show-hat ht

estimalo

Ssl
 , sho C
oLna los of
2. 9f T Cenb tese
amd
eslmalo
that is btasae
eslumalor
a btas ed
T L'S