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ae 2 SD t h e meam
lS lells you ane
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sore
allows ws -to
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smbultuon
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a z - sLOe s a
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sfn Z

tero and has nknals 11

aluocy s Centtrecd a t
hoirocdal axis s 2-scoe.
m Me
Mumbers
how many
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away fro tme
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ells
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mean
ConeHnp any
stemclavditatm Proess
amd to uz 0 and
valne
it allonws t o
that
sAamdlor dira lion
Benefs o Caliulate Hhe a ea for
2- Scorr table
popnlation wiHn am
use witm a n y
desibutca
noneLla
ay
Vane ane 6

Slam darditaton ormula

obscwaluoy
Z X mean
6 Slanclard Sevialuou
Z-ort
PHanple Suppose at e
gattored data
fm a s year fic Che ndity exom and
oun at t
fblowed a noa m a tmbulin

wit a meam q 6 SD hwhas

a s ppp
ppr
studdeuts o tnat
(ess t

Z X-6o

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No Z-Cion Hoble) - 1.

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(alcla e ne a vea
 Sratieics

Voramehne esb Non taYomesnc Tyt

94 sCp pu'ed when no

exa sirfo k awail alsla

T ksr
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F tes abrnt ta
pop ".,
whetner

me distmudim i binom/e0
Testne prowdure repuirs Pop
assurptm abouW hype poneo poiss iorm nNmol
THest e populaliin Px suare test

Bmal sample est

Bevelped iny wilom Goset t190

Mso Callecdhuentr
Mso test pen name

s n
sCmpl mgan

AMo populetm mean

evialipn
S sGmple Standord
4orlal population nple.
uses test

e kampla sra(n3 30)

niane res csndm loefPire
wed ros est
efresGimmbole.

Bag ee feeon, V: -
t S7atirucs or t- t¢str when p4vmmeke r
Le e
w
Poprlati'om ar dorma.
latim Corffruut Populatuonn sTevO.
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9n ypotheis tetmp, we Study a
8amp e Nut
ut
_
ne leve.
hnd hen
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utconme.
we apply he ovdtome t the lntre
PopnLatim umder study.
ohateer test
tmg to
e are
do, is m
u
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he whole Poplalim, ve 8ay hat we are
festinp

A hypotnesis Cam be
a(epkd o
Refettok
fopulatisn
opuOatio o 2
fake itamihs
aboie who
watk asly lons tater,
Wtamns
lo
eanelin n cmel
ealy wal us
at 1y mothu averae,Basy stoy%
waltin
waliup
Resern ypohos abyes wuo take
walk eaily at an vitomin
&montm
Uo tnownas yponuis- altenae

In hin, we y toPreoli hat mehe

hee difpertnte
Populaiuwn becauoe h here a
vanaim

Aengle ypothess Afarene Populahms due

( o Vadation resulks
Fodei a

Nullbypomes1 lack g itference bm ropulaln-

(onsuminp vifa nu'n, ) anel

Babye perm pap'1
babies tm P 2. (26 Consuna vamins)
botn walk a ae 19 msntus
7 hul! Aypotneasmstatis tca0 sYn f cane Ltm

oleole Vanable
9 Muel Rypoterss i tnur, alenabe
9
heppothesis is fale anol VIce VPs Sa

Nul Hyponesis Tme false

THee Em Comect Oe usi
n
efecel
(auipha r r ) P B
loret cicin THpe 2 t r o
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rs wecd b kail peosm
descnb e the meprinde. d ne cspame
beween heony amel obsenvalupM
fomula

O observed peguonu
tepecbcol efnonu
R 1 x CT

RT Row tota for tha 7Dw

Claiuinp celta
CT coqumn Colurnn
N Total lo 9 0bsenvalons

Befee j freden v: (r-1) (c-1)

whe No aDuws
1 Colums
kor
Conitions f cpplyi
Cadam atlea obsenva eo ns
(
cch e should
5 he wil be ovmestimasd
becaunt h nu hypoteis
f l leod o ntuion
obsavatin
ghunled be melepevolot
l divida
houldbe
andom.
Cud au
 To ta no observalw n a e sampl
cize honld be atleat
50
ata shoutd be eeprosed » ng in unut
Ashouldn'1 be expwased ercCciape 6& ralo

xanple 9m ans'malanal amf alg

ia Saininn acdmin'sterral to 50d

Pen nut atota Po

vop Th n

fee Caes hown below

Tea tmeuk fene NoeneL| Tofa 0
inine
e i u i i nt ov
1 s2

Tol a l

Guinine che lciufP

ws to fuuk pess
alaua
Gutine np
u i s tuyputust
1o
(heckif due Ma laria
tirdit heeiuf e Malaic
Malaic

ttil Efe the

Tolal
atnt ve
1 (E) AJo f e v e F )
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N
CT N 95ND
E

KTar CT x 1°o 3
N

E RTx CT

Ca lulatlm

Observed vauep D-E (0-E)(oE)

30

M80
02)
4 10

0E)4.72

2 Callaed

Sinu
alulased
ificon e
Hois teuk d and a
6% levef
altepled