COMMUNICATION

PROCESS

Course: Introduction to Mass Communication

COMMUNICATION
 The process of creating and exchanging meaning through
symbolic interaction.
 As a process communication constantly moves and changes. It
does not stand still.
 Meaning involves thoughts, ideas, and understandings shared by
communicators.
 Symbolic means that we rely on words and nonverbal behaviors
to communicate meaning and feelings.
THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
Context
Source Encoding

Channel Noise Message

Barrier
Feedback Channel

Decoding Receiver
THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
 COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS

 Context  Decoding
 Source
 Receiver
 Encoding
 Feedback
 Message
 Noise
 Channel
CONTEXT
Provides the people with
the occasion and the task
SOURCE/SENDER
The source initiates the process by
having a thought or an idea that he or
she wishes to transmit to some other
entity.
Sources can be single individuals,
groups, or even organizations.
ENCODING
 Encoding refers to the activities that a
source goes through to translate
thoughts and ideas into a form that may
be perceived by the senses.
 Encoding in a communication process
can take place one or more time.
MESSAGE
 The message is the actual product that
the source encodes.
 Human beings usually have a large
number of messages.
 Communication activity revolves around
message.
Cont…
 Message conveys meaning, feeling, and
various kinds of energy from sender-
receiver to receiver-sender.
 Messageis the information that is
exchanged between communicators
 Messages can be intentional and
unintentional
CHANNEL
 Provides the space through which the message
must pass; determines the method used to send the
message.
 Channels are the ways the message travels to the
receiver.
 Sound waves carry spoken words; light waves
carry visual messages.
CHANNELS
DECODING
 The decoding process is the opposite of the
encoding process. It consists of activities that
translate or interpret message products into a
form that has eventual meaning for a receiver.
 Both humans and machines can be thought of as
decoder.
RECEIVER
 The receiver is the target of the message –
its ultimate goal.
 The receiver can be a single person, a
group, an institution, or even a large,
anonymous collection of people.
 It can be determined by the source.
FEEDBACK
 Itrefers to those responses of the receiver that
shape and alter the subsequent messages of
the source.
 Feedbackrepresents the reversal of the flow
of communication.
 The original source becomes the new receiver
and original receiver becomes new source.
CONT…
 Feedback has three main functions:
 Assurance
 Assures the sender
 Adjustment
 Allows
receiver-sender to adjust or modify a
message
 Insight
 Provides
insight to the sender-receiver’s
communication
 NOISE
Communication scholars define noise as any
thing that Interferes with the delivery of
message.
BS CLASS
Anila Abid
Delivers lecture

Air waves Anila has some

problem in his voice “Communication is a
two way process”
Someone is Making
Student asks, what is meant Noise
by two-way process??.
Air waves, Multimedia
Listens and understand
BS Class
DQ PM ADDRESSES NATION

Disqualified
Prime Minister
Makes an address

Media Problem in
Channel Noise ‫« ُمجھے کیوں‬
»‫نکاال؟؟‬
Delay in feedback, Protesting Noise outside
or Appreciating
Television, Radio

listens and Public

understand
SMS CHAT

Majid
He types a message

Mobile, Ufone-
Mobilink
“Where are you Umer?”
NETWORK
“In University”
ERROR

Mobile, Mobilink-
Ufone
receives, reads & then types
reply Umer