PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER 2 :
COMMUNICATION IN
MULTI-CULTURAL
SETTING
GROUP 2
OVERVIEW:

CHAPTER 2: Understanding the Dynamics

COMMUNICATI
of Communication

Overcoming Communication Barriers

ON IN MULTI-
in Multi-Cultural Settings

CULTURAL
SETTING PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

DYNAMICS OF
COMMUNICATION
Refers to the ever-changing and interactive nature of how people exchange information and messages.
It encompasses various factors such as verbal and non-verbal cues, context, feedback, and the influence of
technology and culture, all of which can impact the effectiveness of communication in different situations.
Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective interpersonal, group, and mass communication.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION
Process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings between individuals or groups through various
means such as speech, writing, gestures, or technology.

It plays a fundamental role in human interaction and can occur in various forms, including verbal (spoken words),
non-verbal (body language, facial expressions),
written (text, emails), and visual (images, videos).

Effective communication is essential for conveying

messages accurately and fostering understanding
among people.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
THESE DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATIONS MAINLY REVEALS
FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS.
• Communication takes place between sender and receiver.
• There is an exchange of information between them
through medium.
• This exchange is only possible through accepted codes of
language.
• Communication is a two way process.
 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
SENDER MEDIUM
The person who initiates the communication. They have The channel or method used to transmit the message. It can
the intention to convey information or ideas to another be face-to-face conversation, phone call, text message, or any
person or group other means of communication.

ENCODING DECODING
Process of converting the sender's thoughts. It can be in the The process of interpreting the message. It involves
form of words, gestures, images, or any other medium used understanding the words, gestures, symbols, or other forms
by the sender to convey their thoughts of communication used by the sender.

MESSAGE RECEIVER
The message is the information or idea that the sender The person who receives and decodes the message. They
wants to convey to the receiver. interpret the message based on their own understanding and
background.

Once the message is received by the receiver, he has to either act upon it or prepare a reply message. Through
FEEDBACK
feedback the Sender can judge whether the receiver has understood the message correctly.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

The dynamics of communication can take various

forms, including:

VERBAL NON-VERBAL VISUAL

COMMUNICATI COMMUNICATI COMMUNICATI
ONthe use of
This involves ON ON
It utilizes images, graphics,
Non-verbal cues include body
spoken or written words to charts, videos, and other visual
language, facial expressions,
convey messages. It includes
gestures, and tone of voice. These elements to convey information
face-to-face conversations,
cues often convey emotions and or messages. It's commonly
phone calls, speeches, and
add context to verbal used in presentations,
written documents such as
communication. advertising, and multimedia
letters, emails, or reports.
content.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

The dynamics of communication can take various

forms, including:

WRITTEN INTERPERSON GROUP

COMMUNICATI
ON
This form includes any
written communication, such
as memos, reports, articles,
and text messages. Clarity
and precision are crucial in
written communication.
AL COMMUNICATI
COMMUNICATI
This involves communication
ON in a one-on-
between individuals
one or small group setting. It can
be formal or informal and is often
essential for building relationships
and resolving conflicts.
ON
Group dynamics come into
play when multiple people
communicate within a team,
organization, or community. It
includes meetings,
discussions, and
collaborations.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

MASS DIGITAL CROSS-

COMMUNICATI
ON refers to the
Mass communication
dissemination of information to a
large, often anonymous audience.
It includes television, radio,
newspapers, magazines, social
media, and other forms of public
communication.
COMMUNICATI
ON
In the modern age, digital
technology plays a significant role
in communication. This includes
emails, instant messaging, social
media platforms, and video
conferencing.
CULTURAL
COMMUNICATI
ON
This form deals with the challenges
and nuances of communication
between individuals or groups from
different cultural backgrounds.
Understanding cultural differences is
crucial to effective cross-cultural
communication.

This involves self-talk and inner thoughts. It's the communication that
INTRAPERSON happens within an individual's own mind and can influence decision-
AL making and self-reflection.
COMMUNICATI
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
PHYSICAL BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

Semantic Barriers - Is mostly the misunderstanding or
misinterpretation of words abbreviations symbols by the
reciever.
Cultural Barriers - This is when cultural differences adversely
affect the communication effectiveness.
Psychological Barriers - In situations where our psychological
state forms our opinion, consciouness, attitude and our
emotions which directly influence our communication.
Poor Timing - A person must evaluate the timing of sending a
message.
Choice of Channel - the choice of a channel or medium in
communication is critical because it will dictate how the
reciever will interpret the message.
Inadequate Information - Having too much or too little
information.

Organizational Barriers - organization people communicate at

various levels and because of this there are greater chances of
message being distorted.
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BARRIERS TO
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

CULTURE,
GLOBALIZATION
AND
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

CULTURE, GLOBALIZATION AND

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
CULTURE INTERCULTURAL
GLOBALIZATION COMMUNICATION
All socially transmitted behavior,
Takes place when people from
arts, architectures, languages, signs, Process of bringing people two different cultural groups
symbols, ideas, beliefs, norms,
together and making them interact with the purpose to
traditions, rituals, etc. which is
interact and exchange ideas exchange ideas and cultural
learnt and shared in a particular
across traditional borders. norms in the spirit of
social group of the same nationality,
ethnicity, religion, etc. understanding and mutual
respect.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE
Language is embedded in culture so it is culture
and not the language code itself that dictates what
is appropriate to say and do in every
communication situation.
A lack of awareness or sensitivity to this
difference in communication style could be a
potential source of conflict in business meetings
involving speakers of different cultures.
OVERCOMING
LANGUAGE
BARRIERS
• Have awareness on intercultural communication to
understand interlocutors who come from different
linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
• Be knowledgeable on how to send and interpret both
verbal and non-verbal messages, especially those that
differ in various cultures.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

DEFINITION AND BARRIER :
Signs and symbols in sign language are visual representations of words, concepts, or ideas. They are formed
using specific handshapes, movements, and facial expressions. While sign language is a form of
communication for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, it can also be a barrier in communication for
those who do not understand or are not fluent in sign language. This can limit effective communication
between individuals who use sign language and those who do not, leading to misunderstandings and
difficulties in conveying messages accurately and efficiently.
 PREJUDICE STEREOTYPE
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
- EMOTIONAL BIAS - Cognitive Bias

EXAMPLE

Asian students are stereotyped to be good at Math

which is a positive stereotype. People following a
certain religion are related to being violent or
terrorists which is a negative stereotype.

STEREOTYPE People following a certain religion related to being

violent or terrorists which is a negative stereotype

AND
PREJUDICE
CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
Cultural relativism is the ability to understand a culture
on its own terms and not to make judgments using the
standards of one's own culture. The goal of this is
promote understanding of cultural practices that are not
typically part of one's own culture. Using the
perspective of cultural relativism leads to the view that
no one culture is superior than another culture when
compared to systems of morality, law, politics, etc..
OVERCOMING STEREOTYPES
AND ETHNOCENTRISM
Observe the basics in maintaining good
interpersonal relationships. Verbal and non- verbal
messages should be delivered in a way that they do
not offend the sensibilities of others.
Understand the "multicultural self" - different people
having different views, ideals, perspectives, values,
traditions, and beliefs - to become more globally
competitive and culturally sensitive.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

CULTURAL DIFFERENCE
BARRIERS OVERCOMING CULTURAL
Cultural taboos are practices prescribed by a particular society BARRIERS
as being improper or acceptable in their culture. Be aware of cultural differences in beliefs, attitudes, and
Example: Giving flowers to a female host may be an practices that dictate appropriateness in a multi- cultural
acceptable gesture of gratitude in many cultures but in France, setting.
a male guest should not give roses to his hostess as it suggests
romantic overtures.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

DEFINITION:
PERSONAL
The amount of space between speakers defines their
relationship in terms of gender, age, and social
SPACE
status, but culture will also have an effect on how a
person defines personal space.

EXAMPLE:
In contact cultures such as South America, Middle
East, and Southern Europe, people tend to stand
close to each other and touch frequently as they
converse. But in noncontact cultures such as Japan,
US, and UK, people tend to maintain more space
and often less touch while conversing.
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

SUMMARY
OVERCOMING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
To make cultural communication effective, the causes or barriers of communication must be eliminated as much
as possible.

• Be aware of cultural differences that dictate appropriateness in multicultural settings.

• Have knowledge on intercultural communication to understand different linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
• Understand the culture of others.

• Understand cultural taboos.

• Observe the basics in maintaining good interpersonal relationships.

 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

SUMMARY
OVERCOMING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
Know yourself and your culture for you to get used to how others may interpret cultural values in a different way.

• Know your audience and be open to new ideas and appreciate cultural differences.

• Avoid using "deep" words. Keep it simple and polite so that others may easily understand you.

• Be a learner. Keep in mind that you always have something new to learn so that you will be open to new ideas
and appreciate cultures other than yours.
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

THANK YOU
GROUP 2