‫معهد اإلسكندرية العالى للهندسة والتكنولوجيا‬

Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology

Heat Transfer
EME 314
‫ سامح توفيق عبد الفتاح‬/‫دكتور‬
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 ‫المحاضرة الخامسة‬
convection and radiation

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 Lecture Objective
To complete the clarification of fundamentals of all types of heat
transfer.

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 Special case of convection

G TSur
E qE qG

• G….….rate of thermal radiation on a unit area of the surface (W/m2).

• E……..Emitted power from surface per unit area (W/m2).
• qG…….The absorbed energy by the body (W/m2).
• qE…….The emitted energy of the surface of the body (W/m2).
• Tsur…..Temperature of the surrounding (OK).
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 Special case of convection
• The emitted energy of the surface of the body (qE )

𝐸
qE = = σ. 𝑇𝑠4 ………W/m2
𝐴
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 Special case of convection

•The absorbed energy by the body (qG )

𝐺 4
qG = =σ. 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 ………W/m2
𝐴
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 Special case of convection
•The net heat radiated from the surface of the body (qr )

4 4
qr = qE – qG =σ. 𝑇𝑠 − σ. 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟

qr = qE – qG =σ (𝑇𝑠4 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟
4
)

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 Special case of convection
• But any body have emissivity “Ԑ”
 For black body Ԑ = 1
 For white body Ԑ = 0

" 4 4
𝑞𝑟 = qE – qG =Ԑ. σ (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 )
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 Radiation absorbed by surface “Irradition”
• The when radiation is incident on a surface from
a surrounding such as sun or any large body
TS q
TSur ………..(at surrounding)

G
4
𝐺 = 𝜎. 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟
• G…. Rate of thermal radiation on a unit area of the surface (W/m2).
• Tsur…..Temp of the surrounding (OK)
• Ts……..temperature of the surface of the body (OK).

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 By mathematical transformation

2 2
qr =ε.σ (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 ) (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 ) (𝑇𝑠 -𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 )
But:-
hr….Radiation heat transfer coefficient (w/m2.OK)
2 2
hr =ε.σ (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 ) (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 )

qr =hr (𝑇𝑠 -𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 )

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 In normal cases convection and radiation heat
transfer take place in the same time and the
total H.T from a surface per unit area
2 2
qr =ε.σ (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 ) (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 ) (𝑇𝑠 -𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 )
But:-
hr….Radiation heat transfer coefficient (w/m2.OK)
2 2
hr =ε.σ (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 ) (𝑇𝑠 +𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟 )

q = qConv + q rad
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 2- Radiation
• Energy of radiation is transported by electro magnetic
waves, hence no need if medium as in conduction and
convection.
• Radiation body may be solid ,liquid or gas.
• Any surface emits thermal energy an absorb it in the
same time.

TS q E

Eα 𝑇𝑠4
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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Ts….Temperature of the surface of the body (OK)
E…Emitted power from surface per unit area (w/m2)
• In case of maximum radiated power from surface

E = σT4

σ….Boltzmann constant = 5.67 X 10-8 (w/m2.K4)

• Maximum radiation power → Black Body

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 • If forced air is used to cool the chip → Qrad is not changed

Qrad = 0.065 W

Q conv = AhΔT = L2 X 250 (W/m2.OK)X(85-25)

=3.375 W

Q max = .065+3.375 =3.44 W

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 Example :
Compare the heat flux of radiation and convection in summer and
winter in a room with air temperature is maintained at 20 OC through
out the year ,while the walls of the room nominally at 27 OC and 14 OC
in the summer and winter ,respectively .The exposed surface of the
person in the room may be assumed to be at a temperature of 32 OC
through the year and to have an emissivity of 0.9 . The coefficient
associated with heat transfer by natural convection between the person
and the room air is approximately 2 W/m2.OK

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 Given
In Summer In Winter

Tsur = 27 OC Tsur = 14 OC
qconv qconv
Ts = 32 OC Ts = 32 OC

T∞ = 20 OC T∞ = 20 OC
qrad qrad
Ԑ = 0.9 Ԑ = 0.9

h = 2 W/m2. OC h = 2 W/m2. OC

Required
qconv = ?? qrad = ?? qconv = ?? qrad = ??

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 Convection
In Summer In Winter
q"conv = hΔT = (TS –T∞) q"conv = hΔT = (TS –T∞)

= 2(32-20) = 24 W/m2.OK = 2(32-20) = 24 W/m2.OK

Radiation
In Summer In Winter

q"conv = hΔT = (TS –T∞) q"conv = hΔT = (TS –T∞)

= 2(32-20) = 24 W/m2.OK = 2(32-20) = 24 W/m2.OK

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 Radiation
In Summer In Winter
Tsur = 27+273 = 300 OK Tsur = 14+273 = 287 OK

Ts = 32+273 = 305 OK Ts = 32+273 = 305 OK

q“rad = σ.Ԑ= (T4S –T4Sur) q“rad = σ.Ԑ= (T4S –T4Sur)

= 0.9* 5.67*10-8[(305)4-(300)4] = 0.9* 5.67*10-8[(305)4-(287)4]

= 28.3 W/m2 = 28.3 W/m2

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

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 • If forced air is used to cool the chip → Qrad is not changed

Qrad = 0.065 W

Q conv = AhΔT = L2 X 250 (W/m2.OK)X(85-25)

=3.375 W

Q max = 0.065+3.375 =3.44 W

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik
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 Assignment

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

 Resolve the above example
using both traditional and Excel
software and write your answer
with word equation editor

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

 ‫مع أطيب تمنياتى بالتوفيق‬

‫دكتور‪ /‬سامح توفيق عبد الفتاح‬

‫‪Dr\ Sameh Tawfik‬‬
‫‪23‬‬