‫معهد اإلسكندرية العالى للهندسة والتكنولوجيا‬

‫‪Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology‬‬

‫‪STATICS‬‬
‫‪ME001‬‬
‫دكتورمهندس استشارى‪ /‬سامح توفيق عبد الفتاح‬
‫‪Dr\ Sameh Tawfik‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
 ‫المحاضرة الثانية‬
Lecture (2)

Force Vectors
(Scalars and Vectors(

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 2

2
 Lecture Objectives
■ To show how to add forces and resolve them into components
using the Parallelogram Law.

■ To express force and position in Cartesian vector form and

explain how to determine the vector’s magnitude and direction.

■ To introduce the dot product in order to determine the angle

between two vectors or the projection of one vector onto
another.

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 3

3
 Scalars and Vectors

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 4

4
 Scalars
A scalar Is any positive or negative physical quantity that can be completely
specified by its magnitude .

Examples of scalar quantities:

length, mass, and time

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 5

5
 Vectors
A vector is any physical quantity that requires both a magnitude and a
direction for its complete description.

Examples of vectors encountered in statics are:

position, force, and moment

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 6

6
 Vector Graphical Representation
- A vector is shown graphically by an arrow.
- The length of the arrow represents the magnitude of the vector.
- The angle between the vector and a fixed axis defines the direction of its
line of action .

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 7

7
 Scalars &Vector Writing Representation

In print ,
vector quantities are represented by boldface letters such as
A , and the magnitude of a vector is italicized, A .

A A
Vector Quantity Scalar Quantity

For handwritten
work it is often convenient to denote a vector quantity by simply drawing an
arrow on it

𝐴
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 8
8
 Vector Operations

1- Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar.

- If a vector is multiplied by a positive scalar, its magnitude is increased

by that amount.

- Multiplying by a negative scalar will also change the directional sense

of the vector.

Graphic examples
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 9
9
 Vector Operations

2-Vector Addition
All vector quantities obey the parallelogram law of addition

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 10

10
 Vector Operations

2-1 Special case of Vector Addition

If the two vectors A and B are collinear

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 11

11
 Vector Operations

3-Vector Subtraction

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 12

12
 Practical Examples
Vector Addition of Forces

The parallelogram law must be used to determine

the resultant of the two forces acting on the hook.
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 13
13
 Using the parallelogram law the supporting force (F)
can be resolved into components acting along the
(u) and (v)axes .
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 14
14
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 15
15
- The magnitude of the resultant force can be determined using the law of (cosine)
- The direction is determined from the law of (sine).
- The magnitudes of two force components are determined from the law of (sine)

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 16

16
 Solved Example
The screw eye in the shown figure is subjected to
two forces, (F1) and (F2). Determine the magnitude
and direction of the resultant force (FR).

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 17

17
 Given:-
F1 = 100 N , 15O with (X) axis
F2 = 50 N , 10O with (Y) axis

Required
The magnitude & direction of
(FR)

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 18

18
 Solution

The two unknowns are the magnitude of (FR ) and the angle (θ)

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 19

19
 Then the final required is of (FR ) & (ϕ)

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 20

20
Dr\ Sameh Tawfik 20
21
 Assignment

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

 Solve all problems of
sheet (2)

Dr\ Sameh Tawfik

 ‫مع أطيب تمنياتي بالتوفيق‬

‫دكتورمهندس استشارى‪ /‬سامح توفيق عبد الفتاح‬

‫‪Dr\ Sameh Tawfik‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬
‫‪24‬‬