elasSmate

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BiogDGLCALLLAsSLELCATION
Pelagea class?ifccdian is_delnod as dho
pxAcO gKOLpin1 tho AXiantsmA ncLKd
Leialn símladies

AstoHe'A claslcafsu
Asisalle oas ho eaxlest ts ateapt_a maXe_
sclentyle baslshx dasslena classLake4
A Sxqanisma
Me claledplants 2 Cnimala nta 2 gasups,-
hee th xed bloscd lthaut sed bles

luG- Ringdam classllcaHeh

nnaous (ts8) clas1fecd sganYsms nk Tue

KingdenmA
KnddGm Platoo
Rnadgm_Anîmalla
Draobaicka - kngdlem dassNcon
Psokanyates (MhesfcZyandbaced 2
eukautes ungmowe ete sexe Yncludod
Plants baed en tho pxesnce a coll_uwall.
Butdhe sdoly dileu m eachahox_
Snclutn tho unlalulak &themullcellular
Oxganisms In sam goup Ea: Chlamud@monas
Spoquaa placos f algao.
- d dd nd exendake bekusan hoestssphic
ng 2 ausskophle gMAan_plantsFu
hato chnsw Lell sall hilo queau
plants haue collulostc coll aoal
 Auo Kngdcm Classkafons
RHhhakaas esedha LO lkinadems
aGpese
lKinactom_dassicaHGn
Closs[lalen.1he ua
Psofsta Fung?plantad &
onasa
thamalWa

Plants AnImals una

Paosta
Backda

Kinadom MonaKa
-Th nos Impostant mambex s Baceda
Ap2O kazustes CUHOp e n tn his
Rinaclom
h0ycan bo pxesent m extseme hobltats
Such aA hat spasnas deedsnewas
leel as doap A0anA.
Cexaln axganYsma act as paHOAYe alke.
Ta danthave the tao nuclous that Is.
nulaus Ys n a suHHAUndod by u 0 a H
mambsana hay Can be auletxophs
hoteehsophaa
aAul as pauasthea.
Don hauo (ol 0all_
RespisaHon can_be_aauoksic_g ull as
anokablc
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Tlouamet acuA dhusugh lagella.

Eechane a nutlent os anes scus

Thay aO_dividad nte Axchasbacdeda &

Euba.cke zda.
Hxchaebacexa
Aschacbackxta can bee
nexms addsphflea hot spdna n
Halsphlles LsuHluon hlghsalt conc
Memah0aenA ue Yn manshy aHAa
Thaka Stsuctuxe coll_Oal s pztni
n dl2xAnt fsGm athxmanuans
Methancqens ineound fn tha gut
sgmo xúmnants Such as-
Ls_helps In paoducHan d blaaassa
dhe dunq ho anima
Euba cesfa
hay quexelenxed a sua Bacdea hauing
a l d eUall2 alaaellun mgkte ).
4 Yndudes unnchaceala blua-qH1ah algaa
Tha aL ke plants n havina chlexdphylla.
S
Sg Rngun as photasunhoHc auketsspha
Cynobaclesa_
hy ata unicollulau 4Ulamantous algag
a t a sutiaunds
Jha aam elonles ahich
by elatnouus sheath.
Som hau specallzad stauciuwOA knauh aA_
hekess.cust shich helps I n i n g nitsogeh.
 Thoxo aHO coutaln backela thatcan
Axldize cantaln noxaanlc suhstantesSucn
aA nlhsakes. hau aHO knduwn as
dhemAundhol aushephs
Tho endHay Kelcaneds_whed Pn dhe
PasducMR ¢AIP.

Hetezotsophlc bacfeala
Theu aA most abundant n natuxe.
Tho mly aKa împoatan decompsAHS
Ihy aD_i e make ettel.
ciud
PsoducHen anHb?oke
Fina nltkaaen în leguma 9ats etc.
SomadHO_dYgeanes Lasn
EChsloxa duphsld
Repasducan
Backexa can epxadue aeualy bu4
MssYsn
Thoycan aloSepAGduO mäaLLgh Spsses
undiukausUkable CAndiHSn__,
Manaxa alss includes Mucopakma
Thay don' hauL calluoal
Sallos Ruing colla
Suuuu ulhsuw oxugen
Mou aua pathagentc In animala 2plants
KiNGDOM PRonsIA
- Includes slngle -collod_eukauyales
Welldalinal udouA 2ohoH mgmbxane-
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Lhaund. SAanalles
Sgmehaa agella ox_l a
Pafmadlu aquaHe
Ynk betiLo@h planks, _animals &wng
epxoduLc Aexually s0Xuall LCel Julsn

Chxusophues
ound n Jgesh maina kH
s9scAple 2lsat passtuely n_cnak
cuHant Zplankhan).
Mst ham ae photasunthalc.
ndudos diaden gddon alaaa (d0snica
Dlatoms
Tnou haua sflaauLA cell 2allssxsmln
hR auxlapang snallaahlch tegoka~xas
hau aH chle pgsdiuconA Yn tho oL0ans
hLalnad dopeslE ddaema couO
bUans yLars Yn Ha habdtat ?s knsuon
a dfakamácèua eaxdh.
h s ued In pallshina hxaHen d l s

Dineagelakes
Mos maxine &_phatas4nlhake
Th ppoaHall 9xedh blue X xed
dopending n tha main plamantsYn calls
Lelll a l has sHcallulese plades on
sho ouku SuNlaco.
most haa aaua2 lagella An les
lang? udinal &LhOA ahsuOHAoly In a
 LLHHOL
hahunonaxalll plalea
Red dYnalagellales (Ea: Goyaulax undo
haeaapp.eaNA
Xapid mulkptledkan dhot
hou xeleam toln hat Rll maHlne
&d
animals Tka fshas
3Euglenlds

Axaanisms aund Yn
sfagnant
Fxesh_unlex

hauo apx0kin_ h layex callad

Thou bsdu
Atahuas exibllu
heyat hau 2 laghla_,a shaat
and o AngQna-
aua phatesundhata Yn pesena aht
Th halezotrsphlc n_absenco lght.
h o Plamant axe Ydantcad_
.
higoH plants.
uglena
gimoma Mulds
Sapphuic
The bedu mauosal@ng dcaulng stuilqs
LgoL engullng Kqanic ma
Undoysitabfe LandHenshou em an
49440gaslen callad plasmadium4 mau
SpRadLON Adva oot
LndouauaLada_candiKahA, plaxmsdium
AeHanliaks osma. utRng bodles a i
spAHAA at au HpAa.
SpgHas hauo 0 llA.hau het aHO
hiehly 2sickant 2 SsuHLÍLO X man uCat
SOsHO aHO dispoHne by al ULHÄs
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Grezoans
houaHL holex Chcphk LpxedatexA AK paHaAMLESA
h 0dmMe_selalun e animals
Ca0upA
A maebstd ?zaBszaans
LRue
Je n Ah AGdeus00 0akH 8matst

hu A caphuHO uy bu pina-
& pseudepsdYa Ea Amada
Maxin SMAhaua siLlca sholls.
SamaOHO paHasLeA a Entaaddba
BElagellaked Pstezaans
-ving gK paxaki
Theyhaua Aagella
Patas Jamb causedYseanes URe
soopna see silknosA_La TuPan@ssma_
CAURales Pasokszsans
aaaHc_,ackuely maitng usina dlfa
Thuhave d aulhyLaullet) thaf spem
aukido
Du se sho bAuamant e dla uwakX olh
enta Ynts_gulld
PaHamecAum

DSps20Z ONs
Thay haue an nkecHsus spSHO-IRe smge
nhol le udo.
Plasmodrum (malcodal pakaslk)..
EEqi
 KINGDOm rUNG

Unqaekingdem hoBexotsoplc axaanisma-

TheyThou aHO- tasmapoltan.

ho gHeLO n woHm 2 humld placos

atquLa a-ceaHa i Blod Meuld,
ange Rots,Mush domA e
hYe spats on mustaHd laauas aO dua
t9
pawacJungua
anHblsliA
SAm0 aH
a PeniPUMum
SamàaHe unicollukaax

horA a diseaseA causng

Whoot ust cauing Puceinla
EccApt_astuna ad lamanous
Th bod~es canstst ap long slandok shxaac
Pke stauchutes callo hyphaa.
ho nouaxk huphaas Rnan as
mucfum.
Hphao a HeA
Coenoutic huphad
hou a Lgdthdnuaus ubes lad Mh
aulkinucdoaled ueglasm.
Septale hyphao
Thoy hauo sepBad_cs_CHOA Lalla.

kungal call_aal Ys mada. c h n 4

pasacchaddlea
aNO Sapksphules (absoso sdube.
xanicmakex uGm daad sukshales)
Samg aHO pauaslfes
Som-ve assumblonts
E lchons kung+ algaa)mucoxhlza lun
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Scts higa plants

Repsodudlan
1Veaetao paopagafon
a aamlnrasn
Budding
Asseuo Repsddiucon
bysQSXeA 6uch
aA (nidla_ Spsanbl@spares ZoApgNAA

Seual ReproducHon
By o0spOHOL,ONCaspHOS basulespSHOA
h0 aH pducod In dfRncdt shsuckes
calladd uilHg bodles

3 slepa ARXLa cucde

lamcgan Fuuten pa plaAn_ e
maHle n mcHlo aamaks_
KauyCgamyi kusfan enulal.
eosts zuak ytlHna tn hapld
SAAHOA

n sexua xepoducHn ue haplrd_hupha

sgmoui wslen haplud dlls

h
mnadlaklu LONLLts In dipldd colla_L2n
ascem Cokt Z bngldSmycdHs a dlfkaeui
dkakuephake(nth 1.e ns
utld po collAccun SLuch_a COnclISa
s_calla adYRaHuSn-
 Laex_paxentalnuclo INg tho calls.
becGmadiplsMdL
ung xmsuiHng bsdies In Dnlch xeducHea
dhiklsn Sccuu ,Làhdling dexmaHon
haplor spAOs
Based shamopheloay QmutelumM
mada spaLe aymallon2 uHng_bodles,
Fungr aa clasRE as Jellauls

PhucShmy.cokesA
1hoseaua lauOH ng
Thy AcLu in cqnLalH habtats n_dacauing
cDST n maist 2 damp aces ax as Ahllace
paMate Ah_plants
Aha ucallun Ys asepnke csendyk
MucAX Rhtzgpus.
Tho uopDduco auuallu by maHle
ZAbhpaNOA OX nan-mcHla_apaheA PAHOA
ha aO pasducad n spxanatum
o Thoy pPIsSducoMuallu by e na
gamele. m gdApaiOs
hamak JU
aH1sagaradui LAm?lat) ex
AnlsqamaUA AK OaamguA ldissimlláx)
2Atscomscedes LsoC-Sung
UnYcollulay_eg yeast ax mulleallulaH Leg
pencllum)
Mucolum Ys bxando 2 septale
h aHO sapM9phude doLAmpSsOHA 2nHaSHL-
G Lep xGphflaua gaunlngien
dung
 Page.

RepxoduLO aMuallu
-by LQNdh QKoduod exsaenGusy an th
Sedalmucollum_calla canidIosphgNOs.
-Lenlclfaqexhinae e_pXaduce mucoNLAm
Repduro seuallu
AScocpANOA pducodenddaenAUN n
URe ascY Lsing aALIA
tsd QHO auHangg 9Axm aACLAHDAA
ung bsdYea
Ea +E£peHalluus,Cla copA 2 NeuneSpSHa
upaHa ts LAed In_iachomical 2 alntke
M9l 2bullos aMO edfbles &_aHe
clellcacles

#3Basdamycoes
Ancdudes mushzGAmA_bKacket na ox pulbala
hau qHOLN Yn sol, an lags 2 dëo SdumpA
&n'1Äng planthsdles apauaMes
xUTS ZLSmufs
ucalYum s bxanchoA septak
aNOgQYOHalls notOad
ha seLua spauON
ho
but 0gm2uo pRoducHin buxaqmovfalisn
COmmAn
Ser AKGAnG_aHL_Absonlb plosmgam
CcuHA. by uYAn odune uQquraHito
dIlenontstaln X qnsiuPeA
SAmalc cotla
1h YAultautgBuctuHa Ys diRaxuaHG
baadtu
 Kau0gamy2moloalA QCCuH Yn_baAMAum
p2duidna bast diospOHOA eLsaenoLW
B a s d aa aXanged n uuikaq bsdldeu
calleckbasBda caps
Sa aauicus UsRlags(smuh3 lucciala.
4DeudexemycoeA
ommanly RnaLon_Os Ynopeucf JmgY b0calus
nl dhti as0YLual xuggeralue Phaes
a Rnun.
lhon pexlect (sexualstages LOHO
discauoQ Ahoy LOHO
as.comuceles dx bagfdamycales
s dlse passYde dhat dho asual 2
LOg0aKuOgea92 haua h00gtun ona name
pläcingunday douteugnmy~iks_2 ho CJual
Stage anstho_name pla~ing LndoH anohau
clas.nlnon dho Inkage NO eAtablisha
houh uOHO LANHOCEly Idont[led 2msLLK
t ' doLteHamuLoe
Thy e P}Educe n by aseLual -SPALLS
spstl
Lcanldda)._
Mcollum ssepale & bsancha
Soma aHa sap>sphyeA XpavasteA
RMaodty a
2holp minoHa cutng
E tLexnaula Collëtetaldhun
TAthedokrma.- 2
 ClASSMALE
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YsusYKdds PAanstnd lchona

Vfausesvsolda 2 palanA aa nencallula
& ngt taaly ngSe shay akO _ngt Yncludcd
n dna_cdaslfcaan
Vuses-
Haue an YneHt CALSrallino staucdune autslda
sho ung call
b l a a l e paxaMleA
LOhon hay ukck a_coll _thou take auON dha
machinnuy heke coll to epllcalk dhamsg lucA,
ooulPasteuuaaua tha_namo us
(mianA Uenam K poYsenoLL ud
o, ULLA
AuahauysRy (1812) D1sceuoad ULA.
He secoqnised catain_micxehes that caus
mosalcdseano tebacce Th0uuANR
ema lloa han ba cëla hecauAOhypaMed
dhuaugh bacdeNa-ps0 tes.
Relrexin k iRa8 clemahcxaled Hhat tho-
extsact g ho nleceA planis ebacce
could nlecHen Yn hoalHhu plants2calloA
dho HI as_(ertagiLum viuLU AuYdum

MStanlay 935) sheuugd dhat ulsuses

Ccldbe stallsedl &_cSStalk Conalst
laalu pokeins
nudoopAefm . e has a
a
HencAaf_lcapsid) 2 92notH maleaiai (RNA
DNA NA.
g {xuS COntalu bah RNA &
h o gonocmadexla Is 9nleHsus.
 qenouallMaIBes hat YnledA plants haua
singlo Stxanda RNA
Uaties daat Inlect calmals hauo elho_singla
doubla sesando RNA doubla.
stzand DNA.
Badexephoges Lvius daa nlac bacleata_
uMally aaduble _shsanda RNA.
lhe ptin_Lat mada cmall subuis
LcapsgmoH0A) pclects_udlelcadd.
CapsomoHOA aHO AuHangeA n hollal X
paluhadual qsmotlc
oheu CaLAOdiseanOA Re 3
MmeA, Smollp/o aexpesinluonzaHD
nplants mOguYmp19nA CanbemaI
nma laa llng 2 llaa laOlma
2 uein_clooHIM dusanng 2 suncd gH

VROIDSS
MaloulaH_olaht KNt 2na 00lein (0
hose aO smallox_han yueÁ
4 ad discaLOHOA b TO Denou (144)
Ha laund tha t sause CauOs
p0talHA Splndlo tubOH_dis@ase

Pons
ohoe aHO abnGamallJaldop2okeins
ho cauMLSska eALA noLMaleala
AieanLL
Ahose
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ha cause bauine SpgnAnm encehalsp

LBSEgs mad coLA d?soä nccotle
2Ytsanal@aLuA VaHIant Cx-JaLgb dlseasA
LCDYn humans
LcHENS
houaH SumbaH aM0claHens muhially
l_aMaiaRens b0du0on_alaa una
The algal (Armpan@nt call
calld
phycohiont Lauadzsaphk) Jungal cAmpsnot
muLabient (helexatasphic
laaopuapaHoed Juna una
P e d o shallex * absAb iinoHa
nustalents 2 iDakeH Qastn0H
LhonA_aO u0H GS Pollue Yadicatszs._
1ho4 dent aeh _pallde aaak