Ejemplo No.

2: Una viga construida de hormigón fck ≔ 25 MPa y acero

fyk ≔ 400 MPa B400S, en CNC. La sección de ésta viga tiene lv ≔ 6 m de longitud y
está simplemente apoyada. Calcular la sobrecarga que puede soportar sin necesidad
de armadura de compresión. Recubrimiento mecánico d1 ≔ 4 cm Nk ≔ 75 kN
(Variable Compr)
b3 ≔ 10 cm 1. Materiales
fck
δh fcd ≔ ―― = 16.667 MPa
1.5
fyk fyd
fyd ≔ ―― = 347.826 MPa εyd ≔ ―――― = 1.739
1.15 200 MPa
b2 ≔ 15 cm h1 ≔ 50 cm
h2 ≔ 40 cm

2. Cargas
⎛ 1 ⎞ kN kN
b1 ≔ 25 cm gv ≔ ⎜h2 ⋅ b1 + ―⋅ ⎛⎝b3 + b2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 - h2⎞⎠⎟ ⋅ 25 ―― = 2.813 ――
⎝ 2 ⎠ m 3
m
qk
δh ≔ h1 - h2 = 10 cm
kN
gv_d ≔ gv ⋅ 1.5 = 4.219 ――
m
kN
qd ＝ qk ⋅ 1.6 ――
m
3. Solicitaciones
1
Md ＝ ―⋅ ⎛⎝gv_d + qd⎞⎠ ⋅ lv 2 Nd ≔ Nk ⋅ 1.6 = 120 kN
b3 ≔ 10 cm
8
h2 ⎛ δh ⎞ 1 ⎛ b2 - b3 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
h2 ⋅ b1 ⋅ ―+ b3 ⋅ δh ⋅ ⎜h2 + ―⎟ + 2 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ δh ⋅ ⎜h2 + ―δh⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
ycg ≔ ―――――――――――――――――――
1
b2 ≔ 15 cm
h2 ⋅ b1 + ― ⋅ ⎛⎝b2 + b3⎞⎠ ⋅ δh
h ≔ 50 cm 2
1
h2 ≔ 40 cm
ycg ycg = 22.741 cm

b1 ≔ 25 cm Aplicando el teorema

MD ＝ Md + Nd ⋅ ⎛⎝ycg - d1⎞⎠
4. Diseño
3.5 2
α3_lim ≔ ―――= 0.668 0.8 ⋅ x3_lim ＝ y
3.5 + εyd 1
d ≔ h1 - d1 = 0.46 m x3_lim ＝ α3_lim ⋅ d
x3_lim ≔ α3_lim ⋅ d = 30.73 cm
y3_lim ≔ 0.8 ⋅ x3_lim = 24.584 cm

M3_lim ＝ Nc1 ⋅ zc1 + Nc2 ⋅ zc2 Nc1 ≔ 1 ⋅ fcd ⋅ ⎛⎝⎛⎝y3_lim - δh⎞⎠ ⋅ b1⎞⎠ = 607.676 kN
y3_lim - δh
zc1 ≔ h2 - d1 - ―――― = 28.708 cm
2

1
Nc2 ≔ 0.85 ⋅ fcd ⋅ ―⋅ ⎛⎝b2 + b3⎞⎠ ⋅ δh = 177.083 kN
2
ycg2
δh 1 ⎛ b3 - b2 ⎞ 1
b3 ⋅ δh ⋅ ―+ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ δh ⋅ ―δh
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 3
ycg2 ≔ ―――――――――――― = 3.333 cm
1
⎛ ⎞
―⋅ ⎝b2 + b3⎠ ⋅ δh
2

zc2 ≔ h2 + ycg2 = 43.333 cm

M3_lim ≔ Nc1 ⋅ zc1 + Nc2 ⋅ zc2 = 251.187 kN ⋅ m

Igualando expresiones

1
M3_lim ＝ ― ⋅ ⎛⎝gv_d + qd⎞⎠ ⋅ lv 2 + Nd ⋅ ⎛⎝ycg - d1⎞⎠
8
1 ⎛ 22.741 ⎞
251.187 ＝ ―⋅ ⎛⎝4.219 + qd⎞⎠ ⋅ 6 2 + 120 ⋅ ⎜――― - 0.04⎟
8 ⎝ 100 ⎠
⎛ ⎛ 22.741 ⎞⎞ 8
qd ≔ ⎜251.187 - 120 ⋅ ⎜――― - 0.04⎟⎟ ⋅ ― - 4.219 = 46.603
⎝ ⎝ 100 ⎠⎠ 6 2
qd ＝ qk ⋅ 1.6

46.603
qk ≔ ――― = 29.127
1.6