Professional Documents
Culture Documents
0HQJHQDO.RQVHS
3HPDVDUDQ$ILOLDVL
2OHK%RE-XOLXV2QJJR
.DODX$QGDPDXPHPEHULNDQHERRNLQLVHFDUD&XPD
&XPD NHSDGD UHNDQ DWDX WHPDQWHPDQ $QGD VD\D
SHUVLODKNDQ 6XSD\D PHUHND SXQ PHQGDSDWNDQ
PDQIDDWMXJD
6HODLQHERRNLQLXQWXNPHPSHUOHQJNDSLSHQJHWDKXDQGDQNHWHUDPSLODQ$QGDVLODKNDQ
DPELOWLSVWLSVH0DUNHWLQJPHODOXLHPDLONRVRQJ$QGDGDQODQJVXQJGLNLULPNDQ
6(6(*(5$PXQJNLQGLPDLOWREMRWLSV#JHWUHVSRQVHFRP"VXEMHFW EMRHPDUNHWLQJWLSV
-DZDEDQQ\DDGDODK³<$´QDPXQWLGDNVHPXDELVQLVPRGHO
PHQJJXQDNDQMHQLVPHWRGH\DQJVDPD7LDSWLDSELVQLVPRGHOSHUOX
PHQ\HVXDLNDQGHQJDQPHWRGHMHQLV\DQJEHUEHGDVHSHUWL GLMHODVNDQGL
EDZDKLQLEDKZDDGDWLJDMHQLVPHWRGHDILOLDVL
0HWRGHDILOLDVL\DQJGLFRQWRKNDQGLVLQLDGDODKNKXVXVQ\DXQWXNVLWXV
ZHE³FRQWHQWGULYHQ´QDPXQSDGDGDVDUQ\DNRQVHSSHPDVDUDQDILOLDVL
LWXGDSDWGLDSOLNDVLNDQOHELKOXDVEXNDQXQWXNLWXVDMD
3HPDVDUDQDILOLDVLGDSDWGLDSOLNDVLNDQXQWXNWLJDPRGHOELVQLV\DLWX
0HPEHULNDQ.RPLVLKDVLOSHQMXDODQGDULSURGXN\DQJGLUHIHU
0HPEHULNDQNRPLVLNDUHQDWHODKPHUHIHUVHMXPODKSURVSHN
WDQSDPHPSHGXOLNDQPHUHNDEHOLDWDXWLGDNGHQJDQWXMXDQ
SHUWDPDWDPDPHPEDQJXQEUDQGVDMD
0HPEHULNDQNRPLVLNDUHQDWHODKPHUHIHU VHMXPODKRUDQJDJDU
VXEVFULEHNH2SW,QOLVW$QGD
$SD\DQJGLPDNVXGGHQJDQ3HPDVDUDQPHODOXL$ILOLDVL"
3HPDVDUDQPHODOXLDILOLDVLWHODKEHUXEDKPHQMDGLVDODKVDWXFDUD\DQJ
SDOLQJHIHNWLIXQWXNVLWXVVLWXV³FRQWHQWGULYHQ´XQWXNPHQJKDVLONDQ
NHXQWXQJDQWDQSDKDUXVODQJVXQJPHQDZDUNDQQ\DNHSDGDSDUD
WDPXQ\D+DQ\DPHODOXLVSDQGXNWHNVGDQDUWLNHO\DQJVDKGLPDQDLVL
VLWXVQ\DPHQMHODVNDQSURGXNSURGXN\DQJLDVXNDLGDQJXQDNDQ
3HPDVDUDQMHQLVLQLPHPLOLNLVHEXDKNHXQWXQJDQXQWXNNHWLJDVHJL
\DQJWHUOLEDW$NDQDGDEDQ\DNNHXQWXQJDQEDJLSDUDSHGDJDQJXQWXN
PHQJHPEDQJNDQ3HPDVDUDQPHODOXLZHE
NDUHQDVLWXVVLWXVDILOLDVLPHQJKDVLONDQEDQ\DNNHXQWXQJDQGDQEDJL
SDUDNRQVXPHQGDSDWPHQHPXNDQLQIRUPDVLWHQWDQJSURGXNSURGXN
\DQJPHUHNDLQJLQNDQWDQSDKDUXV³WHUOLKDWZDMDKPHUHND´
%DJDLPDQDFDUDEHNHUMDQ\D"
'HQJDQ3HPDVDUDQPHODOXL$ILOLDVLVHRUDQJSHGDJDQJPHQJDPELOLVL
VLWXVVHEDJDLPLWUDDILOLDVLPHUHNDGDODPSDVDUXQWXNPHUDLKNRPLVL
3HGDJDQJPHQ\HGLDNDQVSDQGXNLNODQ\DQJWHUVDPEXQJNHDILOLDVL
PHUHNDGDQPHQHQWXNDQVHEXDKNRPLVLXQWXNVHWLDSFOLFNNHVLWXV
PHUHNDEHUODQJJDQDQNHVHUYLFHPHUHNDVHEXDKOHDGVSURVSHNXQWXN
PHQMDGLNDVWDPHUDWDXPHPEHOLSURGXNPHUHND\DQJGLKDVLONDQGDUL
³OLQN´
$ILOLDVLPHQHPSDWNDQSHODFDNDQNRGHLNODQLNODQLQLXQWXNGLPDVXNNDQ
NHGDODPKDODPDQKDODPDQ:HEPHUHND
.DSDQSXQVHRUDQJSHQJXQMXQJPDVXNNHVLWXVDILOLDVLGHQJDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQOLQNLQLXQWXNPHQJKDVLONDQVHEXDK³FOLFNWKURXJK
SHWXQMXNDWDX3HPDVDUDQEDUDQJGLPDQDWUDQVDNVLQ\DGDSDWGLODFDN
VHFDUDRQOLQH
-LNDVHEXDKSURGXNDWDXMDVDGHEHOLPDNDSHODQJJDQPHPED\DU
ODQJVXQJGDQPHQGDSDWNRPLVLDWDVWUDQVDNVLWHUVHEXW
0HQJDSDHIHNWLI
5LEXDQRUDQJGLVHOXUXKGXQLDWHODKPHQJJXQDNDQVHEXDKVLWXVZHEH
FRPPHUFH\DQJGLDNWLINDQ
7HWDSLNHEDQ\DNDQWLGDNPHPLOLNLZDNWXNHVDEDUDQDWDXNHLQJLQDQ
XQWXNPHPHQDQJNDQSHUVDLQJDQGDODPPHQFLSWDNDQSURGXN\DQJ
HNVNOXVLIGDULDZDOQ\DPHPSHODMDULVHWLDSGHWDLOEDKZDDGD\DQJ
KDUXVGLNHWDKXLWHQWDQJLNODQRQOLQHGDQHFRPPHUFHGDQNHPXGLDQ
PHQVHWXSVHEXDKVLWXVZHEXQWXNGLMXDO
2UDQJRUDQJ\DQJVLEXNVHSHUWLDQGDGDQVD\DPHPLOLNLDOWHUQDWLIGDQ
NHVHPSDWDQ\DQJEDLNGDODPELVQLVDILOLDVL
.DUHQDDQGDPDVLKGDSDWPHPLONLVLWXVZHE\DQJEDJXVGHQJDQLVL
VHEDQ\DN\DQJDQGDLQJLQNDQGDQPHQJKDVLONDQEHUOLPSDKSHQMXDODQ
GDULQ\DWDQSDKDUXVPHODOXLSHUVDLQJDQGDODPPHPEDQJXQSURGXN
DQGDVHQGLUL
'LWDPEDKODJLEDQ\DNSURGXN\DQJGDSDWDQGDMXDOPHODOXLSURJUDP
DILOLDVLWHODKPHPLOLNLFDWDWDQSHQMXDODQ\DQJWHODKWHUEXNWL\DQJ
DGDODKSURGXNEHUNXDOLWDVWLQJJL\DQJWHODKGLFDULRUDQJRUDQJ
$\RPXODL
6HNDUDQJDQGDWHODKPHQJHWDKXLGDVDUGDVDUGDULDSD\DQJGLVHEXW
3HPDVDUDQDILOLDVLGDQPHQJDSDLWXDGDODKSLOLKDQ\DQJWHSDWXQWXN
DQGD
.OLNODKOLQNGLEDZDKLQLXQWXNPHPXODLEHEHUDSDWULNGDQWLSV\DQJ
DNDQPHPEDQWXDQGDPHQMXDOOHELKEDQ\DNODJLDILOLDVLODLQQ\DGHQJDQ
SURJUDP\DQJVDPDGLPDQDDQGDEHUJDEXQJ
3HPDVDUDQDILOLDVL\DQJVXNVHVEHUVXPEHUSDGDKDVUDW
3HPDVDUDQDILOLDVLVHSHUWLMHQLV3HPDVDUDQODLQQ\DDGDODKKDVUDW\DQJ
DQGDUDVDNDQPHQJHQDLWRSLNVLWXVZHE\DQJVHGDQJDQGDEDQJXQ
-LNDDQGDEHQDUEHQDULQJLQEHUKDVLOGHQJDQSURJUDPDILOLDVL\DQJ
DQGDWDZDUNDQPDNDDQGDSHUOXPHPEDQJXQSDVDUDQGDWHPSDW
.HVDODKDQ8WDPD \DQJGLODNXNDQNHEDQ\DNDQVLWXVDILOLDVLDGDODK
NDUHQDPHUHNDPHQMXDOSURGXN
%XNDQEHJLWXFDUDQ\D«DQGDWLGDNPDXPHQMXDOSURGXN\DQJDQGD
LQJLQNDQDGDODKPHQJKLEXUPHUHNDGDQPHPEDQJXQVHEXDKVLWXVZHE
\DQJDNDQPHPEHULWDKXRUDQJRUDQJWHQWDQJKDVUDWDQGDPLQDWDQGD
GDQKDOKDO\DQJDQGDVXNDLDQGDLQJLQPHPEHULNDQPHUHND
LQIRUPDVL\DQJEHUQLODL WHQWDQJWRSLNGDULVLWXV\DQJVHGDQJDQGD
VXVXQGDQNHPXGLDQ PHQ\HOLSNDQNHGDODPLVLQ\DGDQPHQ\HWXMXL
SURGXNDWDXMDVD\DQJDQGDVXNDLGDQJXQDNDQ
$QGDLQJLQSDUDSHQJXQMXQJDQGDWDKXEDKZDDQGDVHGDQJPHQFRED
PHPEHULNDQNHSDGDPHUHNDLQIRUPDDDVL\DQJEDLNWHQWDQJWRSLN\DQJ
PHQDULNPLQDWPHUHNDNDODXWLGDNPHUHNDWLGDNDNDQEHUDGDSDGD
VLWXVDQGDSHUWDPDNDOLQ\D
'DQMLNDDQGDPHUDVDNDQKDVUDW\DQJEHVDUXQWXNWRSLNWHUVHEXW
PDNDDQGDSDVWLDNDQPHQXOLVQ\D«GDQMLNDDQGDPHODNXNDQQ\DPDND
RUDQJRUDQJDNDQPHUDVDNDQKDVUDWWHUVHEXWGDQDNDQGLJDLUDKNDQ
GDQLWXDNDQGLWHUMHPDKNDQNHGDODP3HPDVDUDQXQWXNDQGD
3HQXOLVDQWHQWDQJVHEXDKSURGXNDWDXMDVDGLGDODPLVLHGLWRULDOVLWXV
ZHEDQGDGLVHEXWVHEDJDLSHQXOLVDQVHEXDKDGYHUWRULDOLVWLODKLQL
EHUDVDOGDULSHQJJDEXQJDQDQWDUDNDWD³DG´GDQ³HGLWRULDO´
%DJDLPDQDPHQXOLVVHEXDKDGYHUWRULDO\DQJEDLN
6DOXUDQPDVVPHGLDVHSHUWL79UDGLRPDMDODKGDQNRUDQPHGXNXQJ
SURGXNGDQMDVDGLGDODPLVLHGLWRULDOVHWLDSZDNWX
0HQFLSWDNDQVHEXDKDGYHUWRULDODGDODKVXDWXKDO\DQJPXGDK\DQJ
DQGDSHUOXNDQKDQ\DODKEHUELFDUDWHQWDQJVHEXDKWRSLN\DQJLQJLQ
DQGDEHULNDQ\DQJDNDQPHQJLQIRUPDVLNDQNHSDGDRUDQJRUDQJ
WHQWDQJWRSLNVSHVLILNWHUVHEXWGDQPHQ\HOLSNDQQ\DNHGDODP
EHEHUDSDNDWDWHQWDQJVHEXDKSURGXNDWDXMDVD\DQJWHODKPHPEDQWX
PHQFDSDLVXDWXNHLQJLQDQDQGD
%D\DQJNDQODKDQGDPHQJHWDKXLEDQ\DNWHQWDQJEDJDLPDQDFDUDQ\D
PHQDQDPSRKRQERQVDL$QGDGDSDWGHQJDQPXGDKPHQVHWXS
VHEXDKVLWXVZHE\DQJKHEDW GHQJDQVHPXDLQIRUPDVL\DQJDQGD
PLOLNLPHPEHULNDQKDOKDO\DQJVSHVLILNWHQWDQJEDJDLPDQDDWDX
PHQJDSDDQGDPHQDQDPSRKRQERQVDLDQGDGHQJDQVXDWXFDUD
WHUWHQWX
$QGDMXJDGDSDWPHPLOLNLLQIRUPDVLWHQWDQJMHQLVMHQLVSHQMHSLW\DQJ
DQGDJXQDNDQXQWXNPHQJLNDWSRKRQERQVDLDQGDGDQPHQJDSDDQGD
PHQJJXQDNDQQ\DDQGDGDSDWMXJDPHQJDWDNDQNHSDGDWDPXDQGD
WHQWDQJWLJDEXNXWHUDWDV\DQJWHODKPHPEHULNDQNHSDGDDQGD
LQIRUPDVLSHQWLQJWHQWDQJERQVDL
$QGDGDSDWPHPXODLVHEXDKQHZVOHWWHU\DQJPHPEHULNDQDQGDWLSV
GDQWULNWHQWDQJSHQDQDPDQERQVDLNLWDDNDQPHPELFDUDNDQKDOLQL
NHPXGLDQ
+DOLWXNHGHQJDUDQQ\DVHSHUWLVHEXDKVLWXV\DQJKHEDWXQWXN
GLNXQMXQJLMLNDDQGDLQJLQPHQJHWDKXLFDUDPHQDQDPERQVDLEXNDQ"
6HZDNWXRUDQJRUDQJLQJLQPHQHPXNDQVHEXDKVLWXVVHSHUWLLQL
PHUHNDPHQDQGDLQ\DGDQNHPXGLDQNHPEDOLODJL«PHQHPXNDQVLWXV
LQLEHUPDQIDDWGDQPHQJKLEXU
6HNDUDQJED\DQJNDQVHEXDKVLWXV\DQJNHGXD6HEXDKVLWXV\DQJ
RHQXKGHQJDQVSDQGXNLNODQGDQJUDILN \DQJPHQFREDPHQMXDO
SHQMHSLWXQWXNPHQJLNDWSRKRQERQVDL
<DQJPDQDPHQXUXWDQGDGLDQWDUDNHGXDVLWXVLQL\DQJPHQJKDVLONDQ
NHXQWXQJDQ\DQJWHUEHVDUEDKNDQMLNDNHGXDQ\DDGDODKVLWXV\DQJ
EHUDILOLDVL"
$QGDEHQDU6LWXVGHQJDQVHPXDLQIRUPDVLWHQWDQJ ERQVDL\DQJDNDQ
PHQJKDVLONDQSHQMXDODQ\DQJEHVDU
+DOLQLPHPEDZDNLWDNH
NHVDODKDQ\DQJGLODNXNDQROHKVLWXVZHEDILOLDVL0HPEDQJXQ
VHEXDKPDOO
0DOODGDODKVHEXDKJDJDVDQGDODPGXQLD³EULFNDQGPRUWDU´JDOLGDQ
WXWXS0HUHNDPHPEHULNDQVHEXDKFDUD\DQJSUDNWLVXQWXN
EHUEHODQMDGHQJDQPHQHPSDWNDQEHUEDJDLWRNRNHGDODPVHEXDK
JHGXQJ«GHQJDQFDUDLQLPDNDDQGDWLGDNSHUOXEHUNHOLOLQJNRWD
PHQFDULVXDWXSURGXNWHUWHQWX
7HWDSLKDOQ\DEHUEHGDGLGDODPLQWHUQHW'LVLQLDQGDWLGDNSHUOX
EHUNHOLOLQJPHQFDULVXDWXWHPSDWWHUWHQWX«VHPXDQ\DKDQ\DGHQJDQ
PHQJNOLNPRXVHDQGD
-LNDDQGDEHUDGDSDGDVHEXDKVLWXVZHE\DQJWLGDNEHUQLODLEDJLDQGD
EXQJNXVVDMDGHQJDQVSDQGXNGDQMXDOODKGLOXDUVDQDPXODLGDUL
VHSDWXKLQJJDNRPSXWHUEDKNDQKLQJJDOHOXFRQSUDNWLV«NOLNODK
³%DFN´SDGDEURZVHUDQGDGDQDQGDWHODKNHOXDU$QGDWLGDNDNDQ
PHPEHOLGLVDQDEXNDQ"
7HWDSLXQWXNEHEHUDSDODVDQ\DQJDJDNDQHKRUDQJRUDQJEHUSLNLU
DQGDDNDQPHPEDQJXQVLWXVVHSHUWLLQL
$QGDWLGDNEROHKWHUMDWXKNHGDODPQ\D$QGDLQJLQPDVXNNHKDQ\D
WLJDDWDXHPSDWSURJUDPDILOLDVL\DQJEHUKXEXQJDQGHQJDQWRSLNDQGD
\DQJPHQDULNGDQPHPEDQJXQVHEXDKVLWXVZHE\DQJPHQGXNXQJ
SURGXNSURGXNWHUVHEXW
7LSVXQWXNPHPEDQJXQVHEXDKVLWXVDGYHUWRULDO\DQJEDJXV
+DOSHUWDPD\DQJSHUOXDQGDSHODMDULDGDODKEHNHUMDGLGDODPVLWXV
DQGD
$GYHUWRULDONHOLKDWDQQ\DWLGDNGDWDQJGDULVHEXDKVXPEHUOXDU±
VHSHUWLVHEXDKVSDQGXNLNODQLWXODKVHEDEQ\DPHQJDSDLNODQVSDQGXN
WLGDNEHUMDODQ
6SDQGXNGDQVXPEHUVXPEHUOXDUPHQMXDO GDQRUDQJRUDQJWLGDN
VXNDGLMXDO«VHWLGDNQ\DWLGDNGDULVHEXDKVLWXV\DQJDQGDPLOLNL
-LNDPHUHNDPHUDVDGLMXDOPDNDPHUHNDDNDQVHJHUDSHUJLGDQDQGD
DNDQNHKLODQJDQPHUHNDVHODPDQ\D
6HEXDKDGYHUWRULDOEXNDQODKVHEXDKVDOHVOHWWHUMDGLMDQJDQODK
WHUSHUDQJNDS
6HEXDKDGYHUWRULDO\DQJEDJXVDGDODKLQIRUPDVL\DQJEDJXV\DQJ
PHQGRURQJSHQJXQMXQJDQGDSDGDVHVXDWX\DQJDQGDUDVDNDQ
VHEDJDLVHEXDKKDVUDW
7HQWXDQGDWLGDNLQJLQVLWXVDQGDGLNDWDJRULNDQVHSHUWLLWXEXNDQ"
$GDVHEXDKDWXUDQEDJXVXQWXNPHQ\HLPEDQJNDQVLWXVZHE
DGYHUWRULDODQGD
$WXUDQ
,QLDUWLQ\DEDKZDLVLGDULVLWXVZHEDQGDKDUXVODKPHPLOLNLVHNXUDQJ
NXUDQJQ\DLQIRUPDVL\DQJEHUQLODLGDQKDQ\DDWDXNXUDQJ
LVLSHQMXDODQQ\D
,QLEXNDQODKVXDWXDWXUDQ\DQJSDVWLWHWDSLMLNDDQGDPHQJLNXWLQ\D
PDNDVLWXVZHEDQGDWLGDNDNDQNHKLODQJDQNHVHLPEDQJDQQ\DGDQ
MDWXKNHGDODPNDWDJRULPDOORQOLQH\DQJMHOHN
6HNDUDQJPDULODKNLWDPHOLKDWEHEHUDSDWLSV\DQJKDUXVDQGDNHWDKXL
VHZDNWXEHUSLNLUXQWXNEHUJDEXQJGHQJDQSURJUDPDILOLDVLGDQ
SURGXNSURGXNDSDVDMD\DQJGDSDWGLMXDOGDULVLWXVDQGD
%DJDLPDQDPHPLOLKXQWXNEHUJDEXQJGHQJDQSURJUDPDILOLDVL
6HEXDKSHWXQMXNSUDNWLV\DQJVDQJDWEDJXV2UDQJWLGDNPHPEHOLGDUL
VHEXDKVLWXVDILOLDVLWHWDSLPHUHNDPHPEHOLQ\DGDULDQGD
-LNDDQGDPHQFLSWDNDQVXDWXNHLQJLQDQEDLNGDODPGLULWDPXDQGD
PDNDPHUHDNDDNDQPHPSHUFD\DLDQGDGDQGDULNHSHUFD\DDQWHUVHEXW
DNDQPXQFXOODKSHPEHOLDQ
$SDNDKDQGDWHODKPXODLPHOLKDWEDKZDVLWXVZHEDQGDEHQDUEHQDU
SHQWLQJ".HSHUFD\DDQDQGDEHQDUEHQDUGLSHUWDUXKNDQ
7LGDNVHPXDRUDQJPHODNXNDQKDOLQLWHWDSLVDUDQVD\DDGDODKMLND
DQGDVHGDQJPHPLNLUNDQWHQWDQJSURJUDPPDQD\DQJDQGDLQJLQNDQ
XQWXNEHUJDEXQJGDQSURGXNDSD\DQJDNDQGLHQGRUVH«EHULWDKX
RUDQJRUDQJWHQWDQJSURGXN\DQJDQGDSHUFD\DLGDQJXQDNDQ
'HQJDQFDUDGHPLNLDQDQGDGDSDW EHQDUEHQDUPHQJDWDNDQNHSDGD
PHUHNDWHQWDQJSURGXNGDULWDQJDQSHUWDPD
-LNDDQGDWLGDNPHODNXNDQKDOLQLPDNDDQGDGDSDWDSD\DQJDQGD
LNODQNDQWLGDNDGDJXQDQ\D
'HQJDQGHPLNLDQLPHMDQGDDNDQMDWXKGDQNHSHUFD\DDQ\DQJWHODK
DQGDEDQJXQDNDQKLODQJ6D\D\DNLQDQGDPHQJHWDKXLEDKZD
NHSHUFD\DDQDGDODKVHVXDWX\DQJKDQ\DELVDDQGDGDSDWNDQVHNDOL
6HEXDKVLWXVDGYHUWRULDO\DQJEDLN³EHUIRNXV´SDGDPHPEDQJXQ
NHSHUFD\DDQPHPEHULNDQLQIRUPDVL\DQJ\DQJEDJXVEDQEHUELFDUD
WHQWDQJSURGXNSURGXN\DQJKHEDW
+DOLQLGLODNXNDQGHQJDQFDUDVD\DNHDQGDWLGDNDGDVXQWLNDQQR
K\SHODQJVXQJ-LNDDQGDPHPHJDQJGDQPHQJHUWLNRQVHSLQLPDND
DQGDPHPHQDQJNDQVHWHQJDKGDULSHUWHPSXUDQDILOLDVL
,QJDWLQLODJLNDODXNDODXDQGDOXSDGLDZDO
2UDQJRUDQJWLGDNPHPEHOLGDULVHEXDKVLWXVDILOLDVLWHWDSL
GDULDQGD
6HNDUDQJEDUXODKDQGDWDKXEDKZDELVQLVDQGDGLEDQJXQGDUL
NHSHUFD\DDQPDNDPDULODKNLWDPHPELFDUDNDQWHQWDQJEDJDLPDQD
PHPEDQJXQNHSHUFD\DDQWHUVHEXWGDULWDPXDQGDGDQEDJDLPDQD
PHPEXDWPHUHND GDULKDQ\DVHNHGDUWHPDQPHQMDGLNDVWDPHUDQGD
5DKDVLD\DQJVHEHQDUQ\DDGDODK«
0HPEDQJXQGDIWDURSWLQDQGDVHQGLULQHZVOHWWHUDWDXH]LQH
$SDNDQDQGDPDVLKPHQJLQJDWDSD\DQJWHODKVD\DWHUDQJNDQWHQWDQJ
FRQWRKVLWXVERQVDL"
0HPLOLNLVHEXDKGDIWDU LQKRXVHRSWLQDGDODKVDODKVDWXDVHW\DQJ
EHUQLODLGDULELVQLV\DQJDQGDPLOLNL$QGDLQJLQPXODLGDIWDUDQGD
VHQGLULGHQJDQPHQDZDUNDQVHEXDKH]LQHDWDXQHZVOHWWHUVHFDUD
FXPDFXPD«
DWDXPXQJNLQ$QGDLQJLQPHPLOLNLQDPDWDPXWDPXDQGDGDQDODPDW
HPDLOPHUHNDVHKLQJJDDQGDGDSDWEHUNRPXQLNDVLGHQJDQPHUHND
VHFDUDWHWDSWHQWXGDQPHPEDQJXQNHSHUFD\DDQDQGDVHFDUD
SHUODKDQ
%HEHUDSDRUDQJPHQFREDQ\DGHQJDQPHQDZDUNDQVHEXDKODSRUDQ
FXPDFXPD\DQJDNDQGLNLULPNDQNHSDGDPHUHNDGHQJDQVHEXDK
DXWRUHVSRQGHU
&DUDLQLNDGDQJNDGDQJELVDEHUIXQJVLWHWDSLDQGDWLGDNLQJLQL]LQ
XQWXNPHQJKXEXQJLSDUDWDPXKDQ\DVHNDOLEXNDQ"«DQGDLQJLQL]LQ
SHQXKXQWXNEHUELFDUDGHQJDQPHUHNDGDQPHQMDGLWHPDQPHUHND
+DQ\DGHQJDQKXEXQJDQ\DQJWHWDSWHQWXGHQJDQGDIWDUDQGDPDND
DQGDDNDQPHQGDSDWNDQNHSHUFD\DDQGDULPHUHND0HPEHULNDQ
LQIRUPDVL\DQJEDLNNHSDGDPHUHNDDNDQPHPEXDWPHUHNDPHOLKDW
DQGDVHEDJDLVHRUDQJDKOLSDGDVXEMHNWHUVHEXWGDQDNDQPHGDSDWNDQ
NHSHUFD\DDQPHUHND
6HNDOLPHUHNDPHPSHUFD\DLDQGDVHEDJDLVHRUDQJ\DQJDKOLPDND
PHUHNDDNDQVHQDQJXQWXNPHPEHOLSURGXN\DQJDQGD
UHNRPHQGDVLNDQ$NKLUQ\DDQGDDNDQPHQMDGLDKOLQ\D
'DQMLNDDQGDWHWDSPHPEHULNDQLQIRUPDVL\DQJEDLNNHSDGDPHUHND
GDQPHPSHUODNXNDQPHUHNDVHSHUWLNDVWDPHUDQGDPDNDPHUHND
DNDQNHPEDOLPHPEHOLSURGXNGDQMDVD\DQJDQGDWDZDUNDQ
,WXODKQLODL\DQJVHEHQDUQ\DGDULELVQLVDQGD
6HZDNWXVHRUDQJSHQJJXQDPHQJXQMXQJLVLWXVZHEDQGDLDDNDQ
PHOLKDWVHSLQWDVVHODPDGHWLN
'DQMLNDVLWXVDQGDPHQDULNSHUKDWLDQQ\DPDNDLDDNDQWHWDSEHUDGD
GLVDQDVHODPDNLUDNLUDKLQJJDPHQLW«EXNDQZDNWX\DQJSDQMDQJ
EXNDQ"
3DVWLQ\DWLGDNFXNXSZDNWXXQWXNPHUDLKNHSHUFD\DDQVHVHRUDQJGDQ
PHMXDOVHVXDWXNHSDGDQ\D
-LNDPHPLQWDL]LQGDQDODPDWHPDLOPHUHNDDGDODKVHVXDWX\DQJ
SHQWLQJPDNDDQGDGDSDWPHQLQGDNODQMXWLQ\DGDQPHPEDQJXQ
NUHGLELOLWDV
6HEXDKFDUD\DQJEDJXVXQWXNPHPRWLYDVLPHUHNDDGDODKGHQJDQ
PHPEHULNDQVHEXDKIUHHELHVHSHUWLVHEXDHERRNDWDXVHEXDK
ODSRUDQNKXVXV
$QGDKDUXVPHQJDWDNDQNHSDGDPHUHNDEDKZDMLNDPHUHNDPDX
PHQGDSDWNDQVXDWXEDUDQJVHFDUDFXPDFXPDPDNDPHUHNDDNDQ
PHQGDSDWNDQHERRNGDQVHEXDKODQJJDQDQFXPDFXPDNHQHZVOHWWHU
DQGD
6HNDOLPHUHNDPDVXNNHGDODPGDIWDUDQGDKXEXQJLPHUHNDVHFDUD
EHUNDODDJDUPHUHNDVHODOXPHQJLQJDWDQGD
'DSDWNDKDQGDPHOLKDWEHWDSDEHUQLODLQ\DGDIWDU\DQJEDLNLQL"'DIWDU
RSWLQDQGDVHQLDOLHPDV
-LNDELVQLVVD\DGLWXWXSVHNDUDQJGDQKDQ\DPHQ\LVDNDQVDWXKDO
GDODPELVQLVVD\DPDNDVD\DWLGDNDNDQPHQJDPELOVLWXVVD\D
PDXSXQSURGXNVD\DVD\DDNDQPHQJDPELOGDIWDUVD\D
'HQJDQPHPLOLNLQ\DPDNDDNDQPHPEDQWXVD\DXQWXNPHPXODLELVQLV
\DQJEDUXGLPDVDGHSDQGDQPHQJKDVLONDQXDQJGHQJDQFHSDW
$QGDWLGDNGDSDWPHQJJDQWLNDQNHSHUFD\DDQRUDQJGHQJDQ
VHPXDQ\D
3URGXNWHUEDLN\DQJWHODKVD\DGDSDWNDQVHMDXK LQLXQWXNPHPEDQJXQ
GDQPHQJDWXUVHEXDKGDIWDURSWLQDGDODKVHEXDKFJLVFULSW\DQJ
GLVHEXWMXJD³6XEVFULEH0H´ROHK&*,6FULSW&HQWHU\JVHNDUDQJWHODK
EHUJDQWLQDPDPHQMDGLVLWHLQWHUDFWLYHFRP &OLFNKHUH XQWXNPDVXNNH
VLWXVPHUHND VHEXDKZLQGRZEDUXDNDQPXQFXO
7XOLVDQLQLPHPEXDWVHEXDKEHQWXN³6XEVFULEH8QVXEVFLEH´GLGDODP
VLWXVZHEDQGDGDQPHQJDWXUVHPXDSHQDQJDQDQSHQJJXQDVHFDUD
RWRPDWLVLQLMXNDPHPXQJNLQNDQDQGDXQWXNPHQJLULPHPDLONH
GDIWDUDQGDGLGDODPWHNVGDQIRUPDWKWPOGDQVHPXDLQLGLNHUMDNDQ
PHODOXLVHEXDKZHELQWHUIDFH\DQJVDQJDWPXGDK
6HNDOLDQGDPHPXODLPHPEDQJXQOLVWRSWLQSULEDGLDQGDPDNDDQGD
KDUXVVHODOXPHQJLQJDWVHVXDWX
%HULNDQSHQJJXQDLQIRUPDVL\DQJEHUQLODLGDQEHUJXQD%DQ\DN
SHPLOLNGDIWDUPHODNXNDQNHVDODKDQNDUHQDPHUHNDKDQ\D
PHQJLULPNDQSHVDQSHVDQSHQMXDODQVDMDNHODQJJDQDQPHUHND
-XDO-XDO-8$/+DQ\DLWX\DQJPHUHNDSLNLUNDQ,QJDWODKEDKZD
NHSHUFD\DDQODK\DQJPHUHNDLQJLQNDQEXNDQXDQJPHUHND
%HEHUDSDNDWDSHQXWXS
6HNDUDQJDQGDEHQDUEHQDUWDKXDSD\DQJVHKDUXVQ\DDQGDODNXNDQ
XQWXNPHPEDQJXQVHEXDKVLWXVDILOLDVL\DQJPHQJXQWXQJNDQGHQJDQ
DGYHUWRULDO
,QLDGDODKVDODKVDWXMHQLVVLWXV\DQJDNDQPHQLQJNDWNDQ3HPDVDUDQ
GDULVHPXD SURJUDP\DQJDQGDSXWXVNDQXQWXNEHUJDEXQJ
-LNDDQGDDQGDPHQJLNXWLVDUDQVD\DPDNDDQGDDNDQPHPEXDW
3HPDVDUDQ\DQJPHQJXQWXQJNDQEDKNDQGDODPSURJUDP\DQJ
PHPLOLNLULEXDQDILOLDVLODLQQ\D
.DUHQDVHNDUDQJDQGDPHQJHUWLEDJDLPDQDEHNHUMDQ\D«
2NH\DVDPSDLVLQLGXOX
%RE-XOLXV2QJJR
ERE#EMRFRQVXOWLQJFRP
6HODLQHERRNLQLXQWXNPHPSHUOHQJNDSLSHQJHWDKXDQGDQNHWHUDPSLODQ$QGDVLODKNDQ
DPELOWLSVWLSVH0DUNHWLQJPHODOXLHPDLONRVRQJ$QGDGDQODQJVXQJGLNLULPNDQ
6(6(*(5$PXQJNLQGLPDLOWREMRWLSV#JHWUHVSRQVHFRP"VXEMHFW EMRHPDUNHWLQJWLSV