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    1) The document discusses several major approaches to counseling including psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and basic counseling approaches such as Adlerian therapy, existential therapy, person-centered therapy, gestalt therapy, transactional analysis, behavior therapy, rational-emotive therapy, and reality therapy. 2) It also lists some of the major theorists associated with each approach such as Sigmund Freud with psychoanalysis, B.F. Skinner with behaviorism, and Carl Rogers with humanistic counseling. 3) Finally, it briefly outlines some common counseling settings as government, private, civil society, and school.

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    1) The document discusses several major approaches to counseling including psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and basic counseling approaches such as Adlerian therapy, existential therapy, person-centered therapy, gestalt therapy, transactional analysis, behavior therapy, rational-emotive therapy, and reality therapy. 2) It also lists some of the major theorists associated with each approach such as Sigmund Freud with psychoanalysis, B.F. Skinner with behaviorism, and Carl Rogers with humanistic counseling. 3) Finally, it briefly outlines some common counseling settings as government, private, civil society, and school.

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    48 views11 pages

    The Settings, Processes, Methods and Tools in COunseling

    Uploaded by

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    1) The document discusses several major approaches to counseling including psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and basic counseling approaches such as Adlerian therapy, existential therapy, person-centered therapy, gestalt therapy, transactional analysis, behavior therapy, rational-emotive therapy, and reality therapy. 2) It also lists some of the major theorists associated with each approach such as Sigmund Freud with psychoanalysis, B.F. Skinner with behaviorism, and Carl Rogers with humanistic counseling. 3) Finally, it briefly outlines some common counseling settings as government, private, civil society, and school.

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    THE SETTINGS, PROCESSES, METHODS,

    AND TOOLS IN COUNSELLING


    Victoria Antonia R. Rafanan, RPm
    PSYCHOANALYSIS

    Sigmund Freud

    Unconscious

    Dreams— manifest and latent

    Fantasies, parapraxes

    Psychoanalytic therapy tends to be


    highly focused on unearthing the
    underlying issues to undress the
    symptoms, which will lead to
    minimise or eliminate the symptoms.
    BEHAVIORISM
    B.F. Skinner

    Effects of reinforcements on
    observable behaviour

    All psychological disorders are a


    result of maladaptive learning

    Classical conditioning involves


    learning by association.

    Operant conditioning involves


    rewards and punishments.
    HUMANISTIC

    Carl rogers

    Attempts to understand the


    conscious mind, free will, human
    dignity, and capacity for self-
    reflection and growth

    They seek to help individuals gain


    self-empowerment by recognising
    strengths, creativity, and choice in
    their given circumstances.
    BASIC COUNSELLING
    APPROACHES
    Psychoanalytic therapy.

    Adlerian therapy. Developed by Alfred Adler. The one dynamic


    force behind people’s behaviour is striving for success or
    superiority. People’s subjective perceptions shape their behaviour
    and personality. The value of human activity must be seen from
    the viewpoint of social interest (gemeinschaftsgefuhl). Style of life
    is molded by people’s creative power.
    Existential therapy. Focuses on the human capacity to define and
    shape his/her own life, give meaning to personal circumstance
    through self reflection and self awareness. The only thing we
    cannot control is being born and the fact of dying.

    Rollo May Victor E. Frankl


    Person-Centered therapy.

    Gestalt therapy. Developed and introduced by Frederick S. Perls.


    People must find their own way in life and accept personal
    responsibility for maturity.
    Transactional Analysis. Developed by Eric Berne. Its
    uniqueness is its emphasis on decisions and
    contracts that must be made by the client.

    Behavior therapy. Also referred to as behaviour


    modification.

    Albert Bandura and Ivan Pavlov


    Albert Ellis

    Rational-emotive therapy. Developed by Abert Ellis. Human are


    born with a potential for rational thinking. They can choose not
    be upset.

    Reality therapy. Promoted by William Glasser.


    SETTINGS

    Government setting

    Private sector setting

    Civil society Setting

    School setting

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