Chemical Engineering Lab- 2

Experiment-18

Group-5

Madhav Rathi (2018A1PS0723P)

Himanshu Chaturvedi (2018A1PS0031P)
Himanshu Singh (2018A1PS0025P)
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0027P)
Avish Goel (2018A1PS0734P)

BITS Pilani
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

Experiment: 18
Control Valve Characteristics

1. Aim:
Study of control valve characteristics

2. Objective:
● To study inherent characteristics of different types of valves
● To study installed characteristics of different types of valves
● To study hysteresis of different types of valves
3. Observations:
Linear Valve:

Installed Characteristics:

Set No Lift (cm) Water flow ∆P Actuator P

rate (LPH) (cm H₂o) (kg/cm²)
1 14 540 106 1.9
2 12 500 110 1.2
3 8 400 120 0.8
4 4 280 128 0.7
5 0 0 148 0
6 4 270 124 0.8
7 8 400 119 1.1
8 12 490 109 1.2
9 14 530 105 1.9

Inherent Characteristics: Pressure Drop = 100 cm H2O

2
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

Set No Lift (cm) Water flow Actuator P

rate (LPH) (kg/cm²)
1 0 0 0
2 4 210 0.8
3 8 330 1
4 12 470 1.25

Quick Opening Valve:

Installed Characteristics:

Set No Lift (cm) Water flow ∆P Actuator P

rate (LPH) (cm H₂o) (kg/cm²)
1 12 590 56 1.4
2 8 580 56 1.1
3 4 530 70 0.8
4 0 0 148 0
5 4 540 68 0.8
6 8 590 56 1
7 12 590 56 1.4

Inherent Characteristics: Pressure Drop = 130 cm H2O

Water flow Actuator P

Set No Lift (cm)
rate (LPH) (kg/cm²)
1 0 0 0

2 2 290 0.59
3 4 300 0.78

3
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

4 6 310 0.9

Equal Percentage Valve:

Installed Characteristic:

Set No Lift (cm) Water flow ∆P Actuator P

rate (LPH) (cm H₂o) (kg/cm²)
1 14 510 112 0
2 12 400 122 0.4
3 8 220 132 0.65
4 4 120 136 0.8
5 0 0 148 1.85
6 4 100 136 0.9
7 8 210 133 0.6
8 12 400 132 0.4
9 14 510 112 0

Inherent Characteristics: Pressure Drop = 110 cm H2O

Water flow Actuator P

Set No Lift (cm)
rate (LPH) (kg/cm²)
1 0 0 1.85
2 4 80 0.8
3 8 170 0.7
4 12 360 0.4

4
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

4. Sample Calculations:

5. Results and Discussions:

Linear Control Valve:

The following table gives the installed and inherent characteristics of a linear control
valve.

5
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

Installed Characteristics Inherent Characteristics

Lift (cm) Flow Rate (LPH) Cv Lift (cm) Flow Rate (LPH) Cv

0 0 0 0 0 0
4 270 2.840248564 4 210 2.459929848
8 400 4.295264751 8 330 3.865604046
12 490 5.497766092 12 470 5.505557278
14 530 6.058772526

The two graphs above show a comparison of inherent and installed characteristics of the
linear valve. The graph clearly resonates with the theory and the label of the valve. Also,
it can be noted that the installed characteristics look a bit more towards the quick-acting
control valve as mentioned in the theory. However, the deviation is not very significant
which implies that the control valve operates with almost the same characteristics as rated
by the manufacturer.

The table below shows the hysteresis data for the linear control valve.

6
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

Hysteresis
Actuator Water ∆P Water ∆P
Histeresis
P flow rate (cm H₂o) Cv flow rate (cm H₂o) Cv
(%)
(kg/cm²) (LPH) (LPH)
Increasing Actuator Pressure Decreasing Actuator Pressure
0 0 148 0 0 148 0
0.7 270 124 2.840248564 280 128 2.899055127 2.028473457
0.8 400 119 4.295264751 400 120 4.277330373 0.4175383581
1.2 490 109 5.497766092 500 110 5.584407338 1.551485071
1.9 530 105 6.058772526 540 106 6.143901643 1.385587241
Avg.
Hysteresis 1.345771032

From the table and the graph, it is evident that the hysteresis is very less. The average
hysteresis is just 1.345%. Through this, it can be inferred that the dynamics remain

7
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

almost the same while taking the reading from above and below. This reduced hysteresis
will ensure that during the actual operations the fluctuations will be less.

Quick Opening Control Valve:

Installed Characteristics Inherent Characteristics

Lift (cm) Flow Rate (LPH) Cv Lift (cm) Flow Rate (LPH) Cv

0 0 0 0 0 0
4 540 7.670836583 4 290 2.979406419
8 590 9.235521538 8 300 3.082144571
12 590 9.235521538 12 310 3.184882723

The two graphs above show a comparison of inherent and installed characteristics of the
quick opening valve. The graph clearly resonates with the theory and the label of the
valve. Also, it can be noted that the installed characteristics are deviating a lot from the
inherent characteristics. It should also be noted that after reaching the lift of 4 cm the
flow rate from the valve almost remains the same in case of inherent characteristics, this
implies that flow rate quickly changes to maximum when lift reaches 4 and then stays
constant. Although installed characteristics show a better performance in this regard as
the value remains constants after 8 cm

8
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

The table below shows the hysteresis data for the linear control valve.

Hysteresis
Actuator Water ∆P Water ∆P
Histeresis
P flow rate (cm H₂o) Cv flow rate (cm H₂o) Cv
(%)
(kg/cm²) (LPH) (LPH)
Increasing Actuator Pressure Decreasing Actuator Pressure
0 0 148 0 0 148 0
0.8 540 68 7.670836583 540 70 7.420450578 3.264129051
1 590 56 9.235521538 580 56 9.078987274 1.694915254
1.4 590 56 9.235521538 590 56 9.235521538 0
Avg.
Hysteresis 1.653014769

From the table and the graph, it is evident that the hysteresis is very less. The average
hysteresis is just 1.653%. Through this, it can be inferred that the dynamics remain

9
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

almost the same while taking the reading from above and below. This reduced hysteresis
will ensure that during the actual operations the fluctuations will be less.

Equal Percentage Control Valve:

Installed Characteristics Inherent Characteristics

Lift (cm) Flow Rate (LPH) Cv Lift (cm) Flow Rate (LPH) Cv

0 0 0 0 0 0
4 100 1.004463068 4 80 0.893505174
8 210 2.133029695 8 170 1.898698495
12 400 4.078274492 12 360 4.020773283
14 510 5.645008394 14

The two graphs above show a comparison of inherent and installed characteristics of the
equal percentage valve. The graph clearly resonates with the theory and the label of the
valve. It can be seen that the deviation of installed characteristics from inherent
characteristics is not very significant which implies that the control valve operates with
almost the same characteristics as rated by the manufacturer.

1
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

The table below shows the hysteresis data for the linear control valve.

Hysteresis
Actuator Water ∆P Water ∆P
Histeresis
P flow rate (cm H₂o) Cv flow rate (cm H₂o) Cv
(%)
(kg/cm²) (LPH) (LPH)
Increasing Actuator Pressure Decreasing Actuator Pressure
0 510 112 5.645008394 510 112 5.645008394 0
0.4 400 122 4.242125409 400 132 4.078274492 3.862472247
0.65 220 132 2.243050971 210 133 2.133029695 4.904983301
0.8 120 136 1.205355681 100 136 1.004463068 16.66666667
1.85 0 148 0 0 148 0
Avg.
Hysteresis 6.358530554

From the table and the graph, it is evident that the hysteresis is relatively more than the
other two valves. The average hysteresis is 6.358%. Through this, it can be inferred that

1
 Madhav Rathi Himanshu Chaturvedi Himanshu Singh
(2018A1PS0031P) (2018A1PS0025P)
(2018A1PS0723P)
Avish Goel
Gaurav Bellal Natesh (2018A1PS0734P)
(2018A1PS0027P)

the dynamics have a considerable difference while taking the reading from above and
below. But it as the value of average hysteresis is not very large thus it is safe to use in
control operations.

6. Conclusion:
● All the control valve show installed and inherent characteristics as expected and
accordance with the theory
● The average hysteresis for linear, quick opening and equal percentage is 1.34%, 1.64%
and 6.35% respectively.