Adhessive and

SEIGOLONHCET GNIDLIUB

Sealant
AVANCEÑA, NELSCY MAE JOY L.
GONZALES III, ALBERTO B.
 Adhessive
and Sealant
Mostly all materials have at least
two common characteristics.
Cohesiveness- the ability of
particles of a material to cling
tightly to one another and
adhesiveness- the ability of a
material to fix itself and cling to an
entirely different material.

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1. GLUES

a. Animal Glue
Available in either solid or liquid
form. Solid glue is melted and
applied hot. It is slow setting and
allows time for adjustment to the
glue joint. Animal glue has excellent
bonding properties with wood,
leather, paper or cloth developing
up to 12,000 psi in. shear. Ih has
moderate resistance to heat and
good resistance to cold but poor
resistance to water. It cures by air
drying at room temperature.

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1. GLUES

b. Casein Glue
made from protein materials, is a dry
powder to be mixed with water. It has good
bonding powder for wood-to-wood or
paper-to-wo0d applications and will
develop the full strength of the wood in
most situations . Casein glue has good dry
heat resistance and moderate resistance to
cold. It has moderate resistance to water
but does not perform well when subjected
to high humidity or wetting and drying
cycles. It is subject to attack from molds,
fungi, and other wood organisms, will dry
to as low as 359℉ with moderate pressure.

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1. GLUES

c. Starch and Dextrin glues

Available in both dry and liquid state,
the dry glue being mixed with water.
They have good bond with paper or
leather and fair bond with wood, but
strength does not compare with those
of animal or casein glues. They have
fair resistance to heat and cold but
poor resistance to water. They dry at
room temperature.

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1. GLUES

d. Asphalt Cements
Are thermoplastic' materials made from
asphalt emulsions or asphalt cutbacks.
They have a good bond to paper and
concrete and are used mainly for
roofing applications and for laminating
layers of wood fiberboard. They·have
relatively poor resistance to heat but
good resistance to cold and good water
resistance.

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1. GLUES

e. Cellulose Cements
Are thermoplastic in nature and have
good bond to wood, paper, leather or
glass, developing up to 1400 psi in
shear with wood. They have
moderate resistance to both heat and
cold and good resistance to water. A
common solvent is ethyl acetate.
Cellulose cement cures by air drying
and setting.

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1. GLUES

f. Natural-rubber adhesives
are usually latex emulsions or
dissolved crepe rubber. They have a
good bond with rubber or leather and
fair bond with .wood; ceramics, or
glass developing strengths of about
350psi in tension with wood. They
haw fair resistance to heat and cold,
good resistance to water, but poor
resistance to creep. Room
temperature is suficient for drying.

30
1. GLUES
g. Neoprene-rubber adhesives
Are essentially thermoplastic in nature,
though they may have some
thermosetting characteristics. They have
excellent bond with wood, asbestos
board, metals, glass and some plastics
with strengths up to 1,200 psi in shear,
They have good resistance to heat and
cold and excellent resistance to water.
Creep resistance is fairly good. Used to
cement' plastic laminates to walls o.r flat
surfaces. Also used in cementing gypsum
board to studs and ceiling joists and for
laminating one layer of gypsum board to
another .

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1. GLUES

h. Urea formaldehyde resin glues

Available in powder-form to be mixed
with water, and in liquid form, which
requires the addition of a hardener.
They are thermosetting in nature, with
excellent bond to wood, leather, or
paper having a shear strength of up to
2,800 psi. They have good resistance
to heat and cold and fair resistance to
water. Creep resistance is good. Wood
welding can be done by applying a
high-frequency electric current
directly to joint for rapid curing.

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1. GLUES

i. Phenolic Resin Glues

are made )n both dry and liquid form.
They are thermosetting glues with
excellent bond to wood and paper.
Shear strengths up to 2,800 psi are
developed. They have excellent
resistance to heat, cold, creep, and
water. Some set at room temperature,
while others require a hot press.
These hot-press glues are commonly
used in the manufacture of plywoods.

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 1. GLUES
j. Epoxy resins
Are thermosetting in nature, manufactured in
liquid form with a separate catalyst. The
amount of catalyst added determines the type
of curing required. They have excellent bond
with wood, metal, glass and masonry and are
widely used in tbe manufacture of laminated
curtain-wall panels of various kinds. They are
also used in making repairs to broken
concrete. They have excellent resistance to
both heat and cold, while creep resistance and
water resistance vary widely, depending upon
how the glue is compounded. Adding a regular
catalyst, curing is by hot press, up to 3900f
while adding a strong catalyst results in glue
which will cure at room temperature.

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 1. GLUES

k. Polyvinyl-resin adhesive
In the form of an emulsion. They
have good bond with wood or paper
or vinyl plastics and reasonably good
bond with metal. Shear strengths up
to 1,000 psi are developed with
wood. Resistance to cold is good, but
heat, streep, and water resistance
are only fair. These glues cure at
room temperature.

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1. GLUES

l. Sodium silicate adhesives

Are liquids which have excellent bond
with paper or-glass and reasonably
good bond with wood or metal.
Resistance to heat, cold ·and creep
are good, but water resistance is
poor. Some cure at room
temperature. while other require
moderate heat, in the 200°F range.

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 2. SEALERS
Sealing compounds are products which are
used to seal the surface of various materials
against the penetration of water or other
liquidS or in some cases to prevent the
escape of water through the surface. To do
this they must have some adhesive qualities
and the ability to fiU the surface pores_and
form a continuous skin on the surface to
wtlich they are applied. 79 80 In many
applications,· the adhesion should be
permanent, while in others it need only to
be temporary.

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 20
Types of Sealers

LIQUID ASPHALT
Either in cutback form or as an
asphalt emulsion. Uses are, to
coat the outer surface of
concrete below ground level to
prevent the penetration of water
to the interior through pores in
the concrete. Another similar use
is to seal the inside surface of
wooden or concrete water tanks.

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 20
Types of Sealers

POLYSULFLDE POLYMERS
This has excellent adhesive
qualities, are highly flexible, and
maybe applied either by hand or
by spray. They are being used in
exterior walls of foundations,
between two-course concrete
slab floors, on roof decks, as
swimming pool waterproofing and
under roof flashing,

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 20
Types of Sealers
WAX COMPOUNDS
Made in the form of emulsions to be
sprayed over the surface of newly
placed concrete. The wax oxidizes to
form a continuous film prevents the
evaporation of water in concrete in
this case the adhesion is only
temporary. as the wax continue to
oxidize it becomes hard and brittle
and flakes or is worn off the concrete
by traffic. Other waxes are used to
make sealers for concrete and
terrazzo floors which prevent the
penetration of oil and grease into the
floor surface.

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 20
Types of Sealers
LIQUID SILICONES
Are used as sealers over concrete,
brick and tile masonry to prevent
the penetration of water into the
surface. The absorption of water
by masonry walls often ieads to
staining and efflorescence. The
silicone sealers are particularly
valuable for such applications
because they are colorless and do
not affect the appearance of the
wall.

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 20
Types of Sealers

OILS AND TURPENTINES

Sealers used to seal wood
surfaces before the application of
paint or varnish. They penetrate
into and are absorbed by the
wood fibers so that the vehicle in
paints and varnish will not be
similarly absorbed. Similar
sealers are used to seal wood
which will not be painted against
moisture penetration.

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 20
Types of Sealers

EPOXY-RESIN
FORMULATION
Used as sealers over concrete,
wood, or old terrazzo surfaces
before epoxy-resin terrazzo is
applied. The thin liquid adheres
to and seals the old surface and
provides good bond for the new
application. Similar sealers are
used under concrete surface
repairs.

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 GLAZING AND
CAULKING
COMPOUNDS
These are similar materials, but difference is that
when used for sealing glass they are known as
glazing compounds

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 a. it must be able to adhere to the surfaces with
which it comes in contact.

Properties of
b. it must remain workable over a considerable range
of temperature

caulking
c. it must be able to form a tough, elastic skin over
the surface, while the interior of the mass remains

materials.
flexible.
d. it must be able to stretch or elongate with changes
that may occur in the width of the joint.
e. it must have good movement capability that is, it
must have movement in either extension or
compression from that mean.
f. it must be able to recover well after having been
extended or compressed.
g. it must have very low sensitivity to water.
h. it must have low volatility.
i. it must be able to provide good service
performance.

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Materials for a. Unseed-oil putty-most
caulking common.
Used almost exclusively for glazing wooden sash. It is made by mixing
very finely ground calcium carbonate with raw linseed oil. Putty tends
to become harcl and brittle with age, but its life can be extended by
priming the sash before glazing and by frequent painting.

01
 Materials for caulking
• Mastic glazing and caulking compounds are composed of a number
of materials blended to prOduce a substance which has a much
longer life than putty and which may have an elongation rate of up to
10 percent. They are made up of:

1. drying oil - a vegetable. oil

such as soya-bean or linseed oil
to provide the cohesion and
absorbs oxygen from air to
produce a dry film.

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 Materials for caulking

2. Mondrylng oil - a hydrocarbon - oil is

included to plasticize and to help the
material maintain its flexibility with age.
.3. A drier -used to accelerate the
formation of a surface skin and is
usually a metallic salt.
6. filler - usuafly a very low finely
powdered limestone which
gives the caulking body, and
reduces shrinkage.

4. Solvents -used to adjust workability.

5. Mineral stabilizer - often an

asbestos fiber, which helps the
caulking to maintain its position or
Shape prior to set.

01
 a. Mastics -group of caulking compounds includes

Five (5) groups

linseed-oil-putty, Hnseed-oii:isobutylene caulks,
mastic glazing and caulking compounds, this has a

of caulking
recovery of 0 to 10 percent.
b. Elastomastics - includes butyl caulks having a
solvent base, acrylic caulks with solvent or emulsion
compounds. base, and acrylic caulks which are 100% Solids and
one part polymer captan. This has a recovery of 10
to 49 percent.
c. Elastomers - include one and two part
polysulfides containing 100 percent solids one part
silicone with 100 percent solids. one and two part
urethanes with 100 percent solids, vinyl chloride
polymers, andlbutadiene- styrene copolymers.
d. Elastoplastics -include neoprene and hypolon
caulks with a solvent base.
e. Plastics -include high-molecular weight caulking
materials which are specially treated to be extruded.
as plastic or cellular sheets or strips.

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Asphalt and polybutene caulking compounds
Are mastic materials. They are non oxidizing and set
through the evaporation of the solvent. Both may have
fillers and stabilizers combined with them and give
good results where a skin is not required. like under
flashings, between lapped joints, and in hidden joints
between wood and masonry.

Polysulfide elastomers
Two types one is a two-component type of
caulking, consisting of a base compound and
an accelerator. It cures by polymerization.
The rate of curing being increased with
increasing temperature and humidity. It is
normally applied by a caulking gun .

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Silicone mastic caulking
One component product which cures on exposure
to air. It has excellent adhesion and can be used
where high elongation properties are requir8d.
This caulking is available in a number of colors.

Butyl, neoprene and hypalon mastic

caulkings
Are solvent types made with fillers and
pigments and are thus available in a range of
colors.

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Cellular sponge sheet and strips
- produced from high-molecular weight materials, with similar properties as
mastic caulking. The disadvantage of using this is that special. adhesives are
required to join strips, and may not be available in the field.

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The purpose of such a material is to control the depth. of joint, to prevent moisture from
attacking the bond between caulking and the sides of the joint, and to serve as a bond breaker,
so that the material can elongate.

Backup materials are sponge rubber, nontarred oakum, fiberglass insulation, polyurethane
foam, closed-cell polyethylene foam; neoprene or butyltubes and cords, fiberboard, · and
corkboard strips. Do not use any oil, tar or asphalt impregnated materials, moisture absorbing
materials and polystyrene foams.

Backup
Materials
Are important part of a good
watertight joint.

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Thanks!
End of Presentation