DISASTER MANAGEMENT

MS-483

Lecture No. 11: Disaster Investigation

Engr. Bilal Nasar

Lecturer

Date:
 Disaster Investigation
The stream of geo-scientific research
has reached a high degree of
specialization
 It focuses on advancing
methodologies, technologies,
expertise, and capabilities to detect,
characterize, monitor, and model
natural hazards and disasters and
assess their associated risks.
Disaster investigation shows a prime
importance to overcome the for
coming disaster.

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 Disasters Forecasts
There are a number techniques
available that warns from a coming
havoc such as:
• Satellites
• Increasing Levels of dams
• Hydro-Meteorological devices
• Geological Surveys
• Control Towers
• Medical Intelligence systems
• Telecom devices
Figures are taken from a satellite
in space that indicates that the
spillway is getting towards severe
condition
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 Phases of disaster investigation
There are no primary key points to
investigate a disaster however the
points available from the past studies
are as follow:
• Hazard
• Vulnerability
• Exposer and impact.
The seismic risk is one of the most
investigated natural risk.

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 Hazard
• To characterize the seismic hazard
and risk at a given location, the
knowledge of local geology is
mandatory.
• This is even more important in those
sites, such as large cities and
megacities, that are heavily
urbanized.
• The rapid urbanization may have
happened with poor knowledge of the
subsurface and little adherence to
earthquake-proof building codes, so
as an epicentral hit has the potential
to cause 1 million fatalities.
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 How much do natural disasters cost per year?
The majority of cities are built on
sedimentary basins that, on the one
hand, offer flat topography for
building development and fertile
soils and groundwater resource for
subsistence
Have potential to cause
amplification and resonance of
seismic wave motion in the case of
earthquakes.
 For example in Jakarta Basin, in
Indonesia the researchers a
relatively new and simple technique
to map shallow seismic structure
using body-wave polarization.
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 Disaster and loss of animals
• This technique proved to be a cost-
effective alternative to the use of
borehole and active source surveys,
wherever three-component
seismometers are operated.
• This technique revealed that a
shear-wave velocity (Vs) of the top
150m/s might travel upto the
surface and may cause destruction.

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 Vulnerability
Areas that are marginal to large cities, or are
located in mountainous regions or locations
outside of main infrastructure and
transportation networks, may be exposed to
the risk of depopulation.
If hit by earthquakes, these minor centres
could be definitely abandoned soon after the
seismic event.
In the process of restoration and
redevelopment of minor historic centres, land
and urban planning needs to encompass
seismic vulnerability reduction policies, while
preserving the integrity and cultural identity
of the main buildings.

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 Seismic Reduction Strategies
The experts propose an approach to
seismic vulnerability reduction made of
three main stages:
• Knowledge of the typological,
constructive, and technological
features of the buildings.
• Analysis of the possible damage in
case of an earthquake;
• Planning of actions to reduce the
vulnerability of buildings, with a cost
modeling tool to define the trade-off
between the extension and intensity of
the vulnerability reduction works,
given the available budget.
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 Future Recomendations
Population and the possible fatalities
caused by an earthquake of a given
magnitude are the first element at risk
and consequence that are calculated in
a quantitative seismic risk assessment.
 However, earthquakes are natural
disasters that can also cause enormous
economic damage if they affect the
integrity and functioning of buildings,
infrastructure and utilities.
The authors determine which elements
of the system are susceptible to failure
due to an earthquake of a given
magnitude.

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 Effects Earthquake
The results of the scenario analysis of
earthquakes and their impacts on the
reliability of the power supply system
highlight that the energy security of the
EAEU region is affected by the existence of
interconnections that are vulnerable.
The interconnections where disruptions of
the electricity supply will have high
impacts are situated between Kazakhstan
and Kyrgyzstan, as well as between the
isolated “West” node of Kazakhstan and
Russia.
Power supply interruptions at these lines
can seriously influence the stability of the
electricity transmission system, and lead
to huge economic losses in the affected
regions.

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 Source

I. The sources from which this lecture is provided for sake of student’s
brain storming and comprehension.
II. Key Topics and Future Perspectives in Natural Hazards Research
III. Koskinas, A.; Tegos, A.; Tsira, P.; Dimitriadis, P.; Iliopoulou, T.;
Papanicolaou, P.; Koutsoyiannis, D.; Williamson, T. Insights into the
Oroville dam 2017 Spillway incident. Geosciences 2019, 9, 37
IV. Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key Concepts
V. Do Natural Disasters Affect Human Capital? An Assessment Based on
Existing Empirical Evidence
VI. Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key Concepts
VII. Natural disasters that have effected the economy of world
interestingengineering.com
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 End of lecture 11
 It’s the end of your eleven lecture regarding your course Hazards and
disaster management.

 If there is any problem related to this lecture contact via email i.e.
bilal.ce@must.edu.pk. Much appreciated

 If someone lacks good internet connection then he can contact me via

Ph. # 03485907337 Least appreciated

 Feel free to contact so that your queries regarding this subject could be
dealt.

 Thank you.
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THANKS